{"title":"Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Data","authors":"Antoaneta Frantzova","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the application of the remote sensing for drought monitoring. A way of their application in practice are shown through example for monitoring of drought that is done for three different area in Bulgaria with different pattern, for the same time (July) and for eleven randomly selected years from 1994 to 2009. For the purpose, NDVI, LAI and FPAR vegetation indexes are used. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) drought and floods are the most severity events threatening the country so attention is paid on drought monitoring.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70393979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring Coastal Landslides along the Northeast Black Sea of Bulgaria Using SAR data","authors":"H. Nikolov, M. Atanasova","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e07","url":null,"abstract":"The geological conditions along the Northeast Black sea coast of Bulgaria are favorable for landslides emergence and development. Those processes have been rigorously documented in the last fifty years by Earth science researchers. Their efforts contributed in a broader context to the landscape conservation and to mitigate the risks for the population caused by the mentioned surface disruptions. In this paper the obtained results record the temporal behavior of several landslides located in stated region during the last five years. The main data source to monitor the mentioned landslides are data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instrument processed by the differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR) method. The produced results were validated by means of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements carried out at purposely created geodetic networks, satellite images with high spatial resolution and digital images obtained by unmanned aerial systems (UASs). The results presented in this paper unambiguously confirm the usability of the produced information for the local authorities and other stakeholders thus contributing to the improvement of landslide risk management practices and to the better planning of the territory where the researched landslides are located.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choice of the Optimum Design of Lateral PMD Using the CFD Method","authors":"O. Minai, I. Kuzmich","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e13","url":null,"abstract":"Residues of propellant components in the power system of the propulsion system, at the end of the operation of the launch vehicle, to a large extent affect its energy characteristics. Propellant management devices (PMD), which are equipped with tanks of modern launch vehicles, provide a continuous supply of liquid propellant components from the tank to the propulsion system without disturbing the continuity of the flow and minimize of the residues of the propellant components. In the tank of a launch vehicle, the presence of a tunnel pipeline complicates, and in certain cases excludes the possibility of taking from the pole of the tank. In this case, the use of a lateral PMD allows solving the problem of propellant intake. The authors carried out a search and justification for the optimal design of the PMD using the example of the fuel tank of the first stage of the \"Cyclone-4\" launch vehicle, which is equipped with an PMD in the form of a profiled plate. The designs of the siphon and annular PMD are considered. An analytical calculation using empirical dependences, a physical experiment and numerical simulation of their main parameters was carried out. The result of the experimental and computational-analytical work was the determination of the most optimal variant of the PMD, which, according to several parameters, turned out to be a siphon PMD. The introduction of a more advanced siphon PMD into the design of the fuel tank of the \"Cyclone-4\" launch vehicle will improve the energy characteristics of the launch vehicle by increasing the weight of the output payload by 5.4 kg.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aviation Safety and Impact on the Reliability of Data from Different Sources of Physical Sizes","authors":"Nikolay Zagorski","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e14","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most effective methods for increasing the flight safety of modern and promising aircraft is to increase the amount and reliability of information to on-board control systems. Basically, this refers to ensuring high reliability of data obtained from various sources of physical quantities. An analysis of the main types of information redundancy has been performed to achieve more efficient and fault-tolerant information structures in aircraft management systems.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space Distribution of NO2 Pollution over Bulgaria","authors":"M. Dimitrova, P. Trenchev","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e03","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we aim to track the behaviour of nitrogen dioxide over Bulgaria for the period 30th April 2018 to the end of July 2022 based on data from the Sentinel 5P data. We conclude that the biggest pollutant still remains the industrial region near Stara Zagora. The second and third sources are respectively big cities and highways.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Bouzekova-Penkova, S. Klimov, V. Grushin, O. Lapshinova, D. Novikov, D. Teodosiev
{"title":"Space Experiment \"Obstanovka (1-Step)\", Block DP - PM on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station","authors":"Anna Bouzekova-Penkova, S. Klimov, V. Grushin, O. Lapshinova, D. Novikov, D. Teodosiev","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e15","url":null,"abstract":"In the presented work is described the methodology for conducting the technological experiment DP-PM, which is part of the space experiment \"Obstanovka 1-step\". The DP-PM block was installed on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station in the period from 04/19/2013 to 08/10/2015. The purpose of the experiment is to study the effect of outer space on the properties of graphite samples with a glassy carbon coating and samples of B95 (7075) aluminium alloy with a quantitative addition of ultradisperse diamond powder and tungsten after a long stay in near Earth orbit.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compound Preselector for Multistatic Passive Radar Employed in Remote Sensing Applications","authors":"S. Zabunov, G. Mardirossian","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e09","url":null,"abstract":"Passive radars and multistatic passive radars in particular are gaining increasing attention. It is due to their effectiveness in detecting, tracking and identifying targets. Multistatic passive radars are used in remote sensing observations of the Earth’s ionosphere, meteors, space junk, etc. Another application is the detection and tracking of manmade objects and vehicles in the atmosphere or on the surface of the Earth. The current paper discusses a hardware design approach applicable to the front-end of a multistatic passive radar receiver, namely a compound preselector. The preselector is a very important part of the radio receiver in cases where there are strong neighbouring signals in the radio band of operation. Such strong signals may overload the receiver or the low noise preamplifier and render the whole system dysfunctional. This article elaborates on a two-component preselector having very high rejection ratio to nearby emitters, still keeping the receiver simple and reliable. The authors have registered several utility models on innovations in multistatic passive radars at Patent Office of Republic of Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Low-Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Control of an Urbanized Area","authors":"I. Ivanov","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e10","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the current classification of unmanned aerial systems according to the European Aviation Safety Agency related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for urban area monitoring. The possible tasks solved by unmanned aerial vehicles in an urbanized area were investigated. An analysis of the crisis events - floods, fires and landslides in the Pleven region of the Republic of Bulgaria for the period from 2010 to 2020 was made and a model for the use of unmanned aircraft was proposed.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increase of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions over Bulgaria on the Base of GOSAT Satellite Data","authors":"Plamen Trenchev, M. Dimitrova, Deyan Gochev","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e04","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an assessment of the change in carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in the atmosphere over Bulgaria over the last 13 years. GOSAT data for the period April 2009 to the end of 2021 are used for this purpose. The data are presented as monthly averages with a spatial resolution of 2.5 x 2.5 degrees. The seasonal and spatial behaviour of carbon dioxide and methane emissions in the respective regions of interest has also been investigated.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Open, Spatial and Satellite Data for the Purpose of Researching Landfills for Municipal","authors":"A. Dancheva, Temenuzhka Spasova","doi":"10.3897/arb.v35.e05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v35.e05","url":null,"abstract":"The present work traces the development of an illegal landfill near the town of Svoge in Bulgaria. After 2016, a waste management plan is prepared on the territory of the municipality and a decision is made to dispose of it by depositing it in a regional landfill for municipal waste in the town of Kostinbrod. The aim of the study is to trace the development of biochemical processes that took place on the territory of the former landfill and whether their impact continues to this day. Data from the Open Data Portal (https://data.egov.bg/), the National Spatial Data Portal INSPIRE (https://inspire.egov.bg/bg), satellite data and GIS, several spectral profiles and indices such as Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) were used. Composite images from the multispectral instrument (MSI) of the Sentinel 2 platform and radar (SAR) from the Sentinel 1 platform of the Copernicus program of the European Space Agency were used. The surface temperature of the landfill was calculated using the heat channels from the Landsat 5-7 (ETM) and Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 (OLI / TIRS) sensors. A combination of radar and optical data was made. Data from different seasons and years were used in order to monitor the dynamics of thermal pollution in the study area. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the territory on which the landfill is located has been made. Last but not least, the role of high-value open data in environmental monitoring has been demonstrated, which will reduce the administrative burden of making responsible decisions for each smaller municipality and will be successfully implemented in future methodologies for improving Digital twins through technical work in Destination Earth (DestinE) and information about any point, area or globally significant territories.","PeriodicalId":40457,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Research in Bulgaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70394397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}