Folia Linguistica et Litteraria最新文献

{"title":"THE WRITING STYLE IN TRAVEL BLOGS","authors":"Tamara Grašič","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the writing style in travel blogs. Its aim is to research stylistic forms typical of travel blog entries and their contribution to the functions of the travel blog as a whole. In the theoretical part of the paper, we present the characteristic features of a travel blog and the language trends in the digital age. Travel blogs have been defined as digital media settings. Blogs were once defined as websites that included bloggers’ entries and were regularly updated. They were often compared to personal journals. Today blogs have a rather complex structure and they fulfil several functions: bloggers can use their writing to stand out from the crowd, to share their experiences, opinions, once-private thoughts, and even to create a source of income. As a result, blogs are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Furthermore, travel blogs fulfil a variety of functions: the self-portraying, informative, entertaining, evaluative, advertising, instructive, and communicative function. Bloggers want to inform their followers as well as they can, but because of todays flood of information on the web, they must be careful not to let their followers drown in information. Blogs are thus characterized by syntactic compression. In the travel blogs we have analyzed, this is achieved through various linguistic means, such as nominalizations, the usage of infinitival constructions, elisions, and the usage of passive structures. These means fulfil several functions at the same time: they both convey information and help the bloggers maintain the contact with their followers. Finally, it should be noted that the present stylistic analysis has been carried out on a sample of only three travel blogs; its results should therefore not be used as a basis for generalizations. To comprehensively describe and systematize the communicative and functional aspects of the travel blog format, a larger data set consisting of several travel blogs should be analysed. In the upcoming doctoral dissertation, we are going to focus on aspects of this media format which have been only briefly mentioned in the present paper. Among them are multimodal resources, mediality, the interaction between bloggers and readers, the effect of bloggers' network on the individual text modules, and the role of embedding other semiotic resources such as videos.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL ISOLATION IN A CRISIS IN HARTMANN VON AUE’S \"IWEIN\"","authors":"Luka Planinić","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the social isolation of the protagonist in a crisis using the example of Iwein by Hartmann von Aue. It is an Arthurian novel written around 1203 which depicts the adventures of the knight Iwein of the Round Table. The novel embodies various medieval topics such as the struggle for honour, loyalty, knight’s duties and virtues, challenges, mythical and fantastic beasts, etc. Among these subjects, there is also the so-called crisis of a hero, which is represented by social isolation and mental illness, i. e. by the knight’s insane behaviour. Thus, the depiction of Iwein's isolation will be interpreted, analysed and critically evaluated in relation to his illness and recovery in the context of the crisis. In addition, the function and the representation of this isolation in regard to the knighthood and court society of the time will also be examined. Therefore, this article attempts to answer the following questions: How is Iwein's social isolation depicted during his crisis and what role does this isolation play during the crisis in terms of his illness and recovery? What is the difference between isolation, loneliness and marginalisation in this novel? In this paper, however, it is assumed that Iwein's isolation plays a crucial role in Iwein's illness and recovery and that his madness can only be interpreted as a symptom of this isolation. In this way, his insane episode is observed in relation to his isolation and not separately. The power of isolation does not lie in the loneliness, but in the reflection of the solitude, which allows the individuum to rebalance themselves, far from the disruptions of everyday life. After all, even today, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, things are out of balance. However, this pandemic has brought to light that even now, perhaps more than ever, one has the possibility to reconnect with oneself and with one's nature due to the isolation.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL INTERLINGUAL INTERFERENCE IN BILINGUAL ALBANIANS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD (AFTER THE FALL OF THE COMMUNIST REGIME)","authors":"Brikena Kadzadej, Mario de Matteis","doi":"10.31902//fll.41.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902//fll.41.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, interference is defined as the incorrect and mostly unconscious transfer of linguistic features from one language to another by bilingual speakers (namely Albanians during the democratic transition period), caused by the mutual impact of both languages (German and Albanian). The aim of the present article is to make an exhaustive list of the interference occurrences at the phonetic and phonological level among bilingual Albanians during the transition period, to describe them and draw appropriate conclusions about such linguistic phenomena. The present study draws on important scientific findings as well as the collected data of an empirical study on Albanian-German bilingualism (including a questionnaire and corresponding interviews). According to the interviews carried out, this fact is put down to the Albanian language level of the test subjects which indicates that even those who pretend to be bilingual speakers cannot completely differentiate between the two language systems (Albanian and German). Phonetic and phonological interferences have often been noticeable among the German-speaking Albanians: Probably this might be caused by the significant difference in nature between the German and the Albanian language.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48968202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WORD ORDER PROCESSING IN GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"Teodor Petric","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"In an experiment on processing effort in sentence comprehension, preference hypotheses on word order and relative clause position were tested in German as a second or foreign language. The experiment involved 62 Slovenian students of German studies in Maribor as participants. The linguistic material consisted of 16 utterances, each with a main clause and a relative clause and each of them a subject-initial or object-initial. The relative clause could occur either after the first or second noun phrase. The procedure used was the self-paced reading paradigm. After each test unit, the participants were asked a comprehension question, either about the subject of the main clause or about the subject of the relative clause. The experiment confirmed the hypotheses that response accuracy to a comprehension question was higher when a clause was subject-initial and when the relative clause occurred after the first noun phrase of the main clause. The experiment did not confirm the assumed interaction between word order and position of the relative clause.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOCALYPTIC CRISIS IN NIKOLAUS LENAU'S EPIC POEM \"DIE ALBIGENSER\"","authors":"Zaneta Vidas Sambunjak","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"Nikolaus Lenau’s (1802–1850) Die Albigenser (1842) is one of the most important German-language political poems. The Albigensiansis a religious epic poem dealing with the history of the Middle Ages. The culmination of this period comes in the crisis of the Crusades and the persecution of heretics. In the research to date, Lenau's Albigensians have been portrayed as those devoted to the worship of the spirit. In its rejection of the physical, this dualistic heresy had incalculable social consequences. One of these consequences was the overthrow of an established order, which Lenau himself shows as unjust in his epic poem. The rites of the Albigensians are not only religious but primarily political acts. The defense and explanation of the Albigensian doctrine represents a rebellion against the Catholic Church of the time, seen as morally degenerate and in the service of a detested monarchical power. The Cathars and their fate allow Lenau to express his own revolt aptly. In the famous final verses, the revolutionary line is drawn from the Albigensians through Hus and Luther to the \"stormers of the Bastille, and so on\". Thus, the political accusation points beyond the historical events of the crisis into one's own present and even into the future (Deutsche Dichter 430–431). In this paper, Lenau is shown to transcend the religious, political, and social planes to form a commonly accepted universal idea. This article will address the idea that Lenau describes a time of crisis, to emphasize that with crises of this and/or a similar kind, a general upheaval of society and culture arises. The helplessness, defenselessness, and isolation of a group and/or an individual leads to a general dependency. Lenau depicts such a lack of freedom apocalyptically. The reaction to the existing reality and the consequence of crisis is the state of inner and outer dependence of the individual and the group, which is what first leads to the realization that independence and progress are in danger, which then leads to an apocalyptic vision of the future. Lenau's Albigensian poetry belongs to the tradition of German apocalyptic literature. And not only that, but in his epic poem the ideas are also represented that will only appear later in contemporary literature.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA","authors":"Andreja Retelj","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"In modern society, digital technology is becoming increasingly important and, at the same time, is experiencing a growing interest in the research landscape. Without digital technology, active participation in professional or private life is no longer imaginable. The European Union also takes this fact into account by establishing digital competence as one of the key competencies for lifelong learning (European Commission 2006, 2018). The development of digital competence and the use of digital technologies in the teaching-learning process also poses major challenges for teacher educators and future teachers, as teachers are expected to contribute to better teaching quality through the use of ICT while serving as role models for the next generations. On the one hand, teachers must have their own digital competence, and on the other hand, they should design lessons in such a way that learners also develop the necessary digital competence. Based on the relevant literature, it can be seen that the concept of digital competence has changed with the development of digital technologies. According to the survey, the course proved to be a successful dovetailing of theory and practise, enabling future teachers to acquire sufficient digital competence for beginners in both areas (learning and teaching). The selfassessment shows that they are able to plan and design lessons and integrate digital media into various learning processes. They can create collaborative learning opportunities and are able to promote self-directed learning. Future teachers will be able to communicate successfully using digital media. They are less digitally literate in the area of assessing learning outcomes. Although today's students belong to the generation of digital natives, they do not automatically have highly developed digital competence that they can easily apply in their professional lives, nor should it go unmentioned that digital competence varies widely among future teachers. For this reason, designing the course in the context of teacher training is more than necessary.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41719717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLOVENIAN CHILDREN’S AND YOUTH LITERATURE IN GERMAN TRANSLATION FROM 1921 TO 2020","authors":"Julija Rozman, Tanja Žigon, Adriana Mezeg","doi":"10.31902/fll.41.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.41.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines translation flows from Slovenian into German in the last hundred years (1921–2020), focusing on children’s and youth literature, especially prose as the most frequently translated literary genre. There are several reasons for choosing this research topic. First, although translated children’s and youth literature in general accounts for a large share of world publishing (Prodanović Stankić and Begonja 2021, 332), a detailed analysis of translated Slovenian children’s and youth literature has not yet been conducted. Second, German was chosen as the target language because Slovenian-speaking territory is most closely connected to German-speaking territory due to its active cultural, historical, political, and economic contacts. Third, over the centuries of translation into Slovenian, German language and literature had a great influence on the development of standard Slovenian, specialized terminology, and the emergence of new literary forms and genres (Kocijančič Pokorn 2008; Žigon, Almasy, and Lovšin 2017; Maček 2018; Žigon 2020). German as a foreign language continues to play an important role in Slovenia today. It is taught in schools as a second foreign language, right after English, and it is the second most common source or target language for the translation of literary works into or from Slovenian (Zlatnar Moe, Strsoglavec, and Žigon 2017, 172; JAK 2019, 24). Given Slovenia’s upcoming appearances as Guest of Honor at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2023 and the Bologna Children’s Book Fair in 2024, the number of translations from Slovenian into German has increased significantly in recent years. Among them, translations of children’s and youth literature account for a considerable part of the translated works. In the last decade (2011–2020), translation production has greatly increased in view of the two major book fairs in Frankfurt and Bologna. This focus on the German-language book market is also clearly expressed in the national strategy as part of Slovenia’s cultural policy since 2014 (Republika Slovenija 2013). Contemporary authors are being translated, including a rising star who was first discovered abroad through translations into Chinese: Manica Musil with her creative children’s books.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43250942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIR WYNDHAM HENRY DEEDES: A PORTRAIT OF THE TRANSLATOR AS A CULTURAL AMBASSADOR","authors":"Ilgın Aktener, N. Kansu-Yetkiner","doi":"10.31902//fll.40.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902//fll.40.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Wyndham Henry Deedes (1883-1956) was an eminent British Army officer, civil administrator and a Turcophile, known for his literary translations from Turkish into English. This article examines his cross-cultural transfer practices, specifically his writings and interlingual literary translations by discussing his contributions to the promotion of Turkish culture in a British context. Furthermore, the study problematizes the notion of the cultural mediator and the contexts influencing and influenced by Deedes’ leading role, which caused him to act as a cultural communicative agent and an idea maker. The overall aim of this study is to contribute to the formulation of translation history through the microhistorical study of Deedes as a translation agent and the personal and social motives behind his translation decisions. It concludes that Deedes’ decisions were driven by not only his interest in Turkish culture and people, but also his position as an idea maker who found it vital to introduce the new Turkish Republic to the British audience and to promote Turco-British relations.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DYSTOPIAN VISION IN BERNARD MALAMUD’S NOVEL GOD’S GRACE","authors":"Shpëtim Madani, Zylfi Shehu","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to analyze the dystopian vision in Bernard Malamud’s final novel God’s Grace (1982). An animal fable and fantasy in itself, the book centers on the last human survivor who interacts with primates, in order to create civilization anew by teaching them language, ethics, science and religion, with a major emphasis on the dualities of good and evil; reason and instinct, and their interconnectedness with free will, choice, and responsibility. The study begins with a short introduction into the history of dystopian literature, whose function is to serve, from a future perspective, as a social and political commentary about existing dark aspects, which can easily take over if not held in check. Then, the analysis probes into the dystopian features of the (covert and overt) totalitarian climate that reigns in the book, due to the human’s control of the animals through the mechanisms of language, culture, science, religion, and sexuality. The utopian society established is short-lived, as the denial of individualism inevitably brings about the primates’ rebellion and the demise of human civilization. Despite being the most pessimistic work of fiction by Malamud, the novel ends with hope, which is the case in many dystopian books.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FORMAL AND SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN ALBANIAN AND GERMAN USAGE","authors":"Ilir Krusha, Franz Schörkhuber","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comparison of two languages that are very distinct in grammar and pronunciation, respectively German and Albanian. Since research opportunities in comparative linguistics are infinite, this paper focuses on interrogative sentences and their sentence types. Through a detailed analysis of sentence examples of the grammar used in Albanian and German, we examine the similarities and differences related to different forms of interrogative sentences. As a framework for the classification of interrogative sentences in both languages, we have distinguished sentences into general interrogative sentences and complementary ones. In the end, the knowledge gained is summerised in a general overview. The aim of this work is to compare two languages that are very different in grammar, style and pronunciation, German and Albanian. Since the field of possible investigations in comparative linguistics is endless, the present work focuses on interrogative sentences and their respective linguistic forms. Through the detailed analysis of sentence examples, which are taken from common German and Albanian grammars, the similarities and differences in interrogative sentences are shown. The distinction between yes/no questions and questions that require a supplement serves as a regulatory framework. At the end of the work, the knowledge gained is summarized in an overview.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}