Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Measures Taken in the Scope of the Islamic Price Policy on Investment, Production, Employment, and Stability","authors":"Zeki Yaka","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2022.131.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.234","url":null,"abstract":"Price, investment, production, and employment are among the most important elements of economic structure, and intervention in one of these will affect all other elements. A well-functioning economic structure represents the harmonical and balanced collaboration of all financial factors. Price has decisive power over other elements of the economy. Investment, production, and employment plans are generally closely associated with prices because they are made with a profit index. Although the financial principles of Islam emphasize earnings in a legitimate (ḥalāl) manner, its price policy does not directly intervene in the price-determining process. Various price policies and different economic systems have been followed and applied throughout the history of economics. In the field of economics, some systems favor unlimited freedom through sanctifying the individual and capital, while others, such as capitalism, do not recognize any rules. Also, some systems ignore private systems combine some of these factors. However, none of these economic structures gain accomplishment because of injustice and imposed methods contrary to human nature. Furthermore, they were unable to solve problems of economic origin. Islamic economics and price policy are fundamentally different from other systems. First, Islamic economics carries the inherent religious characteristics of Islam. It centers on justice and legitimacy and has made the moral principles of religion dominant in economics. The Prophet Muḥammad was the first person to transfer the economic principles of Islam from theory to practice. In this sense, the Medina bazaar had deep meanings beyond being an ordinary or local market. In Islamic economics, instead of directly intervening in prices, the Prophet abolished methods such as profiteering, black markets, prevention (talaqqī l-rukbān/jalb), brokerage, deception, cheating, and speculation (najash), which led to unlawful profits. Instead, he advocated principles based on legitimacy, established a system relying on supply-demand balance, and organized the market with Islamic moral values. The new economic principles prioritized fair competition, equal opportunity, fair income distribution, and sharing. Islamic finance model, therefore, embraces the principles of a freemarket economy. However, there are clear differences between the free-market principles as understood by Islam and the free-market principles that dominate present-day capitalism. First, Islam does not accept destructive competition, any form of monopolization, or unlimited freedom of production and consumption. It also does not attribute economic value to some profits, such as interest and gambling, and instead labels them illegitimate and prohibited (ḥarām). Although Islam adopts the principles of a free market economy, it does not allow arbitrary decisions. For this reason, it establishes a realistic price policy without artificial interventions and aims to dominate the economy with preve","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82243523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Muḥammad Shaḥrur’s Scientific-Historical Method in Contemporary Islamic Legal Theory (Uṣūl al-fiqh)","authors":"Muhyar Fanani, T. Hidayati","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2022.131.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.233","url":null,"abstract":"The determination and application of Islamic legal rulings without causing turmoil in the modern world result in challenges continuing to be discussed. Since the methods for establishing modern Islamic law are not appropriately revised, the proposed measures tend to fail. The article examines the significance of upgrading the legal theory of Islamic law, known as the discipline of uṣūl al-fiqh. The theoretical upgrade is manifested in the application of both a critical-historical method and a scientific-historical method, the application of multiple contemporary academic approaches drawn from the humanities, social and positive sciences in addition to traditional religious knowledge and opinions from classical scholars. The issue of upgrading the discipline of uṣūl al-fiqh through the application of the scientific-historical method requires convincing scholars of the idea that the scientific-historical method is a prospective and integrative method for the contemporary discipline of uṣūl al-fiqh. The scientifichistorical method is considered a new method in the discipline of uṣūl al-fiqh for three reasons. In the first instance, it is compatible with the principles of scientific democracy or pluralism (applying multiple approaches in problem-solving and adjudication). In the second instance, it is suitable for the demands of modern societies. In the third instance, it is suitable for the structure of modern states. In terms of the contemporary discipline of uṣūl al-fiqh, the article emphasizes the significance of Shaḥrūr’s scientific-historical method in creating modern Islamic law. Nonetheless, the article still does not incorporate a concrete definition of Shaḥrūr’s limits (ḥudūd) and does not provide examples of the use of the scientific-historical method in solving problems (e.g., eradicating legal corruption and promoting law enforcement in the Muslim world). Future studies may focus on the definition of Shaḥrūr’s ḥudūd and the implementation of his scientific-historical method in solving problems of contemporary Islamic law.","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Muʿtazilism of al-Zamakhsharī: A Bahshamī or a Ḥusaynī?","authors":"U. M. Kılavuz","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.122.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.122.228","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Zamakhsharī’s Muʿtazilī identity is undisputed, aside from a few isolated assertions or inquiries to the contrary. In fact, alongside historical records that depict him as a loyal Muʿtazilī and even a propagandist for his madhhab, the opinions he expressed and the approaches he employed in his works serve as evidence for this claim. The two Muʿtazilī schools that operated during his time in the Muslim world, in particular in his own region of Khwārazm, were the Bahshamiyyah and the Ḥusayniyyah. Considering this fact, in terms of his theological identity, it could be asserted either that he is a member of one of the Bahshamī or Ḥusaynī schools or that he positions himself “in search of a broadly based, catholic Muʿtazilism” instead of taking a clear stand. This study, while providing partial evidence for the latter claim, argues that his Ḥusaynī identity is rather evident from his ideological stance and opinions.","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty by Christopher Markiewicz","authors":"Vefa Erginbaş","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.122.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.122.230","url":null,"abstract":"Christopher Markiewicz’s The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam is an impressive contribution to the history of the late medieval world. At its core, this study is about Persian scholar and chancellor Idrīs-i Bidlisī, his life story, experiences in the Aqqoyunlu and Ottoman courts, and his multiple works, particularly of his history Hesht Behisht. However, this book is a lot more than Bidlisī’s life and times. Markiewicz brilliantly weaves together various political notions and ideas that occupied the 15-century statesmen and intellectuals, and how these notions came to be adopted by all the Muslim polities of the period.","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87813861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular Piety in Indonesia: “Aestheticization” and Reproduction of Islam","authors":"M. Wildan, W. Witriani","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.122.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.122.227","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization and democratization have greatly contributed to the rise of Islamic popular culture especially popular piety in Indonesia. Popular piety can be defined as Muslims’ religious expressions that are driven mostly by their culture or atmosphere rather than their ideology. This article will observe several phenomena of popular piety such as the flourish of the hijâb among middle-class urbanite Muslims, dahwahtainment, the hijrah movement, the burgeoning of ʿumrah pilgrimage with celebrities etc. It is interesting to see these phenomena as part of the process of re-Islamization, secularization, or even post-Islamism. In my view, popular piety is part of the process of public Islam which in turn will generate civil Islam. The phenomena of popular piety will not only be viewed from the perspective of commodification of Islam and consumerism of Muslims, but also as an “aestheticization” of Islam which would foster a much broader interpretation of Islam in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"63 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84605413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing God in Sufi Qur’an Commentaries: Crossings between This World and the Otherworld by Pieter Coppens","authors":"L. Holtzman","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.122.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.122.229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apprehension and Existence, Appearance and Reality: The Reception of Nafs al-amr Debates after the 13th Century","authors":"Murat Kaş","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.121.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.121.216","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of human cognition and the means of apprehension is suitable only for partly and gradually conceiving reality. This limitation has led to a certain distance between appearance and reality. This means that there will always be a gap between the judgments of the mind about the external world and its contents, which are entities, cases, facts, and states. This partiality and partiteness of human understanding has produced the truth-maker problem with regard to mind judgments. Muslim scholars who admit the correlation between the structure of reality and the categories of the mind but reject the notion of the construction and the determination of reality by the mind refer to the realm that is independent of the mind’s personal judgments as nafs al-amr. This realm is concerned with the all degrees of reality, namely—from the existent to the non-existent, from the necessity to the contingency and impossibility, from the absolute to the relative, from the material to the non-physical, from the external to the mental, and from the real entities to the abstracted ones—which step into the shot of human cognition or not. Carrying the concept of nafs al-amr from the logical plane to the metaphysical realm that intersects epistemology and ontology has led to debates that pave the way for various treatments. In particular, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s (d. 672/1274) nafs al-amr epistle that posited it to the cosmic sphere resulted in criticisms of this conception of nafs al-amr, and these criticisms are the same ones directed to the Avicennian theory of emanation and its epistemological implications. Scholars who use this concept free from any metaphysical presumption and implication argue against his leap from the logical to the cosmic sphere. During the following period, this tension occasioned debates that led to the approaches that refer to the various degrees of reality, i.e., to the cosmic spheres, the spiritual realms, and the divine realms. This work aims to create a map of treatments, arguments and problems with regard to the concept of nafs al-amr.","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic Humanities, Islamic Thought: Essays in Honor of Everett K. Rowson, edited by Joseph E. Lowry and Shawkat M. Toorawa","authors":"J. Janssens","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.121.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.121.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85533309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West, edited by Ayman Shihadeh and Jan Thiele","authors":"K. Özaykal","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.121.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.121.222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78551395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of Freedom in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, edited by Georges Tamer and Ursula Männle","authors":"Carimo Mohomed","doi":"10.12730/13091719.2021.121.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2021.121.223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40354,"journal":{"name":"Ilahiyat Studies-A Journal on Islamic and Religious Studies","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87320095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}