Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego最新文献

{"title":"Ratification of International Treaties Under the Polish Law","authors":"J. Szymanek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9968","url":null,"abstract":"Autor artykułu wychodzi z podstawowego założenia, że ratyfikacja traktatów międzynarodowych ma dualną postać. Z jednej strony ‒ jest ona aktem prawa międzynarodowego, uregulowanym w przepisach tego prawa i wywołującym skutki międzynarodowe, z drugiej strony ‒ ratyfikacja jest czynnością prawa krajowego państwa będącego stroną traktatu, uregulowaną w prawie wewnętrznym, najczęściej mającym rangę konstytucji. Niemniej artykuł koncentruje się na wewnątrzkrajowych procedurach ratyfikacji, uwzględniając kontekst obowiązującej Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. W tym celu autor komentuje generalne zakotwiczenie tematyki prawa międzynarodowego w Konstytucji, a następnie przechodzi do różnych trybów ratyfikacji traktatów międzynarodowych. Przedstawiono w związku z tym tzw. ratyfikację prostą (małą), ratyfikację dużą (wymagającą zgody parlamentu wyrażonej w formie ustawy) orz ratyfikację szczególną, związaną z traktatami, przekazującymi część kompetencji na rzecz organizacji międzynarodowych.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133094501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scope of Claims Supplementary to Rei Vindicatio in the Polish and German Law: Analysis and Comparative Remarks","authors":"Anna Kledyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9981","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present the regulations on supplementary claims applicable under the Polish and German law. The concept of supplementary claims under the Polish law refers to claims regulated in Articles 224 to 225 of the Polish Civil Code. Under German law, the core of the regulations governing the types and scope of these claims is contained in the text of §§ 987 to 993 of the BGB. On the grounds of both the analysed legal orders, one can notice numerous similarities regarding the way these claims are shaped. The most fundamental is the desire to provide increased protection for the good faith possessor and to tighten the liability of the person in possession of the thing, who is already aware of a vindicatory action against them or is in bad faith. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the analysis of the solutions for supplementary claims also allows us to see significant differences, expressed primarily in the much more comprehensive regulation of the issue in question in the German law. The article offers a comparative legal analysis of the solutions functioning on the grounds of both these legal orders and conclusions.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121804947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The existence of Putin's Russia is a Threat to International Law and Order (on the example of aggressive actions in Ukraine)","authors":"Roman Lutskyi, Oleksandra Push","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9873","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the causes, preconditions, geopolitical and geohistorical goals of Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The reaction of the West to the Russian geostrategy of revenge has been clarified. It has been proven that the hybrid war which has been going on since February 2014 has created a deep crisis in the global security system. The Russian Federation, having violated the norms and principles of international law, bilateral and large-scale agreements, annexed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.\u0000Russia attacked Ukraine without declaring war and again called into question the international order in Europe on February 24, 2022, when the Russian leader announced the launch of a \"special military operation\" against Ukraine. He called its goal the \"demilitarization\" of the country. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation began shelling the cities of Ukraine and its military and civilian infrastructure. The recognition of the independence of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics by Russian President Vladimir Putin preceded this madness on February 21, 2022.\u0000However, the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation has deep historical roots. The absorption of Ukraine and its human resources is one of the key tasks in the development of the project of Russian imperialism. The current process of formation and development of Putin's Russia has always been accompanied by war with Ukraine. Russia aimed to destroy our young state. The history of relations between the Ukrainian and Russian peoples is a chronicle of wars, the liberation struggles of Ukrainians, and a consistent policy of Russification and assimilation of our people.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Jeden język - wspólne prawo” w Sądzie Rejonowym w Białymstoku 19 maja 2022 r.","authors":"P. Dzienis","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0017","url":null,"abstract":"„Jeden język ‒ wspólne prawo”. Pod takim tytułem odbyła się 19 maja 2022 r. Konferencja naukowa on-line w Sądzie Rejonowym w Białymstoku. Poświęcona była aspektom komunikacji między ludźmi na płaszczyźnie prawnej. Wśród postaci patronujących konferencji znaleźli się: Ludwik Zamenhof (z uwagi na zagadnienia języka i komunikacji) obok św. Iwona patrona prawników (z uwagi na obchodzone jego święto 19 maja) oraz Giovaniego Falconego – włoskiego sędziego śledczego (na cześć którego obchodzony jest każdego roku 23 maja Światowy Dzień Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości). Organizatorami naukowego spotkania byli prezes i dyrektor sądu. We wstępie organizator i moderator wydarzenia prezes sądu przybliżył uczestnikom konferencji sylwetki trzech postaci patronujących webinarium, prezentując m.in. cytaty charakteryzujące ich postawy.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VOTING RIGHTS LIMITATIONS IN EUROPE AND CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE","authors":"Ivan Pankevych, Iryna Sofinska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9969","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of this article is to extrapolate the main conditions for the voting rights limitations and restrictions and to find out their application across the European Union, based on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and compare them to pre-war Ukraine. The authors pay particular attention to the differences in the voting rights limitations related to different categories of people: in-country citizen-resident, in-country non-citizen-resident (domiciled or not ), and citizen-non-resident. Voting rights limitations may occur because of the declaration of a state of emergency, when voting rights may be postponed and scrutinized regarding proportionality. \u0000On the contrary, voting rights restrictions are related to different types of elections. At the same time, everyone who wants to vote or be elected should satisfy exact criteria (minimum voting age, mode of citizenship acquisition and quantity of citizenships, residency, legal capacity, etc.). The authors seek to generalize the common and distinctive features of those restrictions; otherwise, they might be disproportionate and discriminative, causing the pleading before the European Court of Human Rights. \u0000Here we examine legal and political narratives and relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the voting rights limitations (and restrictions) related to age, legal capacity, citizenship, and residency, keeping in mind challenges for post-war Ukraine. The absolute character of the right to vote and be elected as declared internationally should not be considered as an electoral trompe-l'oeil but suitable for every democracy.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Notion, Concept and Contemporary Role of International Law in historical Perspective.","authors":"M. Muszyński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9872","url":null,"abstract":"Summary\u0000The article discusses the essence of international law by focusing on three issues: (1) its origin; (2) its name and the normative content related thereto; (3) its role in the contemporary world. The author applies two research methods: the historical and legal method as well as the dogmatic one.\u0000The text has a three-part structure. The first part presents an analysis of the moment in which the legal regime emerged whose task was to regulate the functioning of socio-political subjects. At that point, the author analyses two main views expressed in scholarship. In his opinion one should depart from Grotius’ conception regarding the origin of international law. What is a sign of the existence of that legal regime is not the equality of subjects, but their very existence and consent to base their relations on certain rules (law). Equality constitutes just one – and not the only one possible – principle among the standards regulating relations of the subjects in a certain community. Hence, what is considered as the beginning of international law is the period during which the first socio-political constructions emerged, and not equal and sovereign states in the sense of the European civilisation.\u0000The second part deals with the moment in which the name – that is used to this day – of the said regime (international law) developed. The author reminds however that in reality the regime under discussion had existed earlier although its scope and name were different. He explains what normative content is related to each name of that regime and, at the same time, discusses the process concerning the structural and material evolution of international law. The whole is summarised with the conclusion that the name used today does not reflect the essence of that order. The evolution of its content would require another change in that regard. It is also indicated that such proposals have already been put forward in scholarship (transnational law, global law).\u0000To finish his considerations, the author reminds of the classic role of international law, which has been to regulate the functioning of the subjects belonging to that order. Against this background, he indicates that also nowadays this role is fading. International relations are evolving substantially, causing international law to lose its long-standing purpose and meaning. And although all this is changing, the order itself is not collapsing. This is the case because international law still has a stigmatising power – a unique force which does not allow to explicitly reject it. International law still provides politics with a certain framework of decency. Proving that a given country has violated norms of international law automatically depreciates it in the eyes of the international community. This may not only result in international sanctions but also in diminishing the position of such a country in the international community. Therefore, even the largest states never allow to be directly accuse","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127480586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distinction between \"measures\" and \"provisions\" of a fiscal nature is beyond the scope of this article.","authors":"Karolina Tetłak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9886","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the European Union's energy and environmental policy are achieved through measures adopted on the basis of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which in this respect generally provides for the ordinary legislative procedure. A special legislative procedure is required for the adoption of \"provisions of a primarily fiscal nature\". The aim of this article is to analyze the meaning of this concept, and thus the scope of the unanimity requirement in matters relating to these EU policy areas. In particular, the nature of the provisions and their functions were distinguished from the objectives pursued by them. The thesis of the article states that the indication of the purpose of spending funds does not change the fiscal nature of their collection, and the attempt to narrow the concept of \"fiscal nature\" to the concept of \"tax nature\" is not justified in the doctrine of public finances.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131723956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telecommunications data as personal data - retention and re-use in the light of European Union law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU (Part I)","authors":"Karol Rzęsiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9988","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this publication is to present the issue of retention of telecommunications data as personal data in the light of European Union law, as well as to discuss the evolution of this law, its implementation into national law and to present and discuss the case law of the CJEU on this subject. The article also addresses the use of retained data by authorised authorities in light of the applicable law, as well as the CJEU jurisprudence in this aspect. The first part of the publication presents and discusses the key EU legal acts concerning the aspect of protection of telecommunication data as personal data, the retention of such data and the possibility of its re-use, as well as the implementation of these regulations into national law. This study deliberately omits the Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data (RODO). Instead, the second part of the publication will present and discuss the key rulings of the CJEU on the subject, as well as assess their law-making character.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"408 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Legal and Interpretative Aspects of the Provisions Implementing the Directive 2019/2161 of 27 November 2019 as Regards the Better Enforcement and Modernisation of Union Consumer Protection Rules (Omnibus)","authors":"M. Sobczyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9975","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present selected legal and interpretative aspects that emerged during the legislative work on the draft act implementing the provisions of the Omnibus Directive. Selected problems will be briefly discussed and a legislative solution will be presented which, in the opinion of the drafters, best reflects the purpose of the EU regulation. In particular, this text will address issues related to interpretative aspects of implementing a provision that extends the scope of application of the provisions on consumer rights to digital services provided in exchange for personal data; grounds for distinguishing between online digital content and a digital service; differences in the right to withdraw from the contract on online delivery of digital content and digital services in return for the payment of a price and in return for the supply of personal data; as well as the framing of the definition of an online marketplace and an online marketplace provider in the context of the Directive's objective and the concept of consumer definition under national regulations.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129570210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutional and European Standards of the Right to a Fair Trial and the Institution of a Manifestly Unfounded Claim Regulated in Article 191(1) of the (Polish) Code of Civil Procedure","authors":"C. Waldziński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9897","url":null,"abstract":"By the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – the Code of Civil Procedure and Certain Other Acts, the lawmaker introduced to the Polish civil procedure, inter alia, the institution of dismissal of an action as manifestly unfounded (Article 191(1) of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure). This institution enables the examination of a civil case in a significantly simplified manner. This study analyses this institution and the practice of its application through the prism of constitutional and European standards of the right to a fair trial.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131272626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}