Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal最新文献_第5页

Online Appendix to 'Bunching to Maximize Tax Credits: Evidence from Kinks in the U.S. Tax Schedule' “聚在一起最大限度地提高税收抵免:来自美国税收时间表的证据”的在线附录

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3420910

Jacob A. Mortenson, Andrew Whitten

引用次数: 1

Diffusion of Gender Norms: Evidence from Stalin's Ethnic Deportations 性别规范的扩散:来自斯大林种族驱逐的证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3417682

Alexandra Jarotschkin, E. Zhuravskaya

{"title":"Diffusion of Gender Norms: Evidence from Stalin's Ethnic Deportations","authors":"Alexandra Jarotschkin, E. Zhuravskaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3417682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3417682","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We study horizontal between-group cultural transmission using Stalin’s ethnic deportations as a historical experiment. Over 2 million Soviet citizens, mostly Germans and Chechens, were forcibly relocated from the western to eastern parts of the USSR during WWII solely based on ethnicity. As a result, the native population of the deportation destinations was exogenously exposed to groups with drastically different gender norms and behavior. We combine historical and contemporary data to document that present-day gender equality in labor force participation, business leadership, and fertility as well as pro-gender-equality attitudes are higher among local native population of deportation destinations with a larger presence of Protestant compared to Muslim deportees. The effects are stronger for culturally closer groups and when adopting deportee norms is less costly. The results cannot be explained by selection, vertical cultural transmission, or deportee impact on the local economy. The evidence strongly suggests that gender norms diffused horizontally from deportees to the local population through imitation and learning.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114533993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

The Effects of a Government’s Subsidy Program: Accessibility beyond Affordability 政府补贴计划的影响:可获得性超出可承受性

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3368107

Ping Xiao, Ruli Xiao, Yitian Liang, Xinlei Chen, W. Lu

{"title":"The Effects of a Government’s Subsidy Program: Accessibility beyond Affordability","authors":"Ping Xiao, Ruli Xiao, Yitian Liang, Xinlei Chen, W. Lu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3368107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3368107","url":null,"abstract":"Rural consumers may face not only the challenge of affordability but also the problem of limited accessibility. Can a government’s subsidy program effectively address these issues? This paper examines the impact of a large-scale subsidy program, “Household Electrical Appliances Going to the Countryside,” offered by the Chinese government. The government regulation imposes price subsidy combined with price ceiling on products in the program. We consider two effects of the subsidy: lowering the retail price to make the product more affordable to consumers and encouraging manufacturers to expand their distribution coverage to make products more accessible to consumers. We build a dynamic model of oligopoly to study how firms adjust their distribution coverage. Conditional on the model estimates, we evaluate the program’s effects on social welfare, consumer surplus, and firms’ market performance and marketing channel decisions through counterfactual analyses. We find that the subsidy program increases social welfare by CNY¥ 0.209 billion, as a result of a subsidy expense of CNY¥ 0.236 billion. When breaking down the impact, we find it increases consumer surplus by CNY¥ 0.184 billion (50%), manufacturers’ profits by CNY¥ 0.125 billion (53%) and manufacturers’ payoff by CNY¥ 2.5 million (17%). Specifically, 14% (13.2%) of the consumer surplus (firm profit) increase are from changes in distribution coverage, and the rest is from the subsidy (price changes). The program’s return of investment (i.e., social welfare minus subsidy expense), which is negative, however, could be improved by applying a relatively lower subsidy rate.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129308364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Taxes in the Disconnect between Corporate Performance and Economic Growth 税收在企业绩效与经济增长脱节中的作用

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2712582

U. Khan, Suresh Nallareddy, Ethan Rouen

引用次数: 9

Is There a Tradeoff between Ethnic Diversity and Redistribution? The Case of Income Assistance in Canada 种族多样性和再分配之间是否存在权衡?加拿大的收入援助案例

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvdtpjc7.14

W. C. Riddell, D. Green

{"title":"Is There a Tradeoff between Ethnic Diversity and Redistribution? The Case of Income Assistance in Canada","authors":"W. C. Riddell, D. Green","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjc7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjc7.14","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies conclude that ethnic/cultural/racial diversity has negative impacts on interpersonal trust and support for redistributive social programs. Although some Canadian public opinion data is consistent with this view, whether these impacts on public opinion are important enough to influence policy is unclear. Many scholars argue that Canada is an exception to experience elsewhere. This paper examines this question for the case of Canadian social assistance (welfare) policies - a central component of the social safety net. We exploit two salient features of recent Canadian experience. One is dramatic growth in the ethnic and cultural diversity of Canada's immigrant inflows in recent decades, but the extent of this growth has varied substantially across regions. The second is that welfare policies vary across provinces, and the ability of the provinces to employ different approaches to welfare programs has increased since the mid-1990s. We thus examine whether provinces that became more diverse reduced the generosity of their welfare programs, relative to provinces that experienced little change in the heterogeneity of their populations. We examine impacts of immigration on welfare benefit rates of four family types: single employables, single disabled, lone parents and couples with children. Our main finding is that there is limited evidence of increased immigration on any of these types other than families with children. Even in this case the estimated effects are small. Our study thus supports the view that Canada's experience stands as an example in which greater diversity has not reduced support for redistributive social programs.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123033227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Learning from the 'Best': The Impact of Tax-Benefit Systems in Africa 向“最好的”学习:税收-福利制度在非洲的影响

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2019/636-4

O. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, Prudence Kwenda, Miracle Ntuli

{"title":"Learning from the 'Best': The Impact of Tax-Benefit Systems in Africa","authors":"O. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, Prudence Kwenda, Miracle Ntuli","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2019/636-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2019/636-4","url":null,"abstract":"Redistributive systems in Africa are still in their infancy but are constantly expanding in order to finance increasing public spending. This paper aims at characterizing the redistributive potential of six African countries: Ghana, Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Ethiopia and South Africa. These countries show contrasted situations in terms of income distribution. We assess the role of tax-benefit systems to explain these differences. Using newly developed tax-benefit microsimulations for all six countries, we produce counterfactual simulations whereby the system of the most (least) redistributive country is applied to the population of all other countries. In this way, we can decompose the total country difference in income distribution between the contribution of tax-benefit policies versus the contribution of other factors (market income distributions, demographics, etc.). This analysis contributes to the recent literature on the redistributive role of socio-fiscal policies in developing countries and highlights the role of microsimulation techniques to characterize how different African countries can learn from each other to improve social protection and reduce inequality.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129360117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Labeling Effect of a Child Benefits System: Evidence from Russia 1994-2015 儿童福利制度的标签效应:来自俄罗斯1994-2015的证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3283205

L. Grogan

引用次数: 0

Nudging and Phishing: A Theory of Behavioral Welfare Economics 轻推和网络钓鱼:行为福利经济学理论

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2018-09-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3248503

David Jimenez-Gomez

{"title":"Nudging and Phishing: A Theory of Behavioral Welfare Economics","authors":"David Jimenez-Gomez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3248503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3248503","url":null,"abstract":"Nudges, which are interventions that do not restrict choice, have become widespread in policy applications. I develop a general and tractable framework to analyze the welfare implications of nudges. In this framework, individuals suffer from internalities (their utility when choosing is different from their welfare-determining utility) and choice and welfare depend on the environment, which can be altered by the nudge. I show that, in order to design the optimal nudge, no knowledge of environment-independent preferences is required. This means that the social planner does not need to fully recover individual preferences, something which is especially difficult in the presence of internalities. In heterogeneous populations, the optimal nudge trades off correcting the internalities of biased individuals with psychological costs imposed by the nudge on all individuals. When taxes are also available, nudging is generally optimal as long as the government is not fully efficient in collecting revenue from taxation. I also analyze phishing, when firms change the environment to take advantage of consumers’ internalities. Competition does not necessarily reduce phishing and, when firms have incentives to phish, competition can be welfare-decreasing. I analyze nudging and phishing in general equilibrium, and characterize the optimal nudge. In contrast to recent empirical work, which finds that nudging can backfire in general equilibrium because firms raise prices in response to a nudge, I show that under perfect competition nudging is generally welfare-enhancing.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126694869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Human Side of Austerity: Health Spending and Outcomes During the Greek Crisis 紧缩的人性面:希腊危机期间的医疗支出和结果

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W24909

Roberto Perotti

引用次数: 1

The Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Operating Cost in Nonprofit, Full-Service Hospitals in the District of Columbia (IRS Tax Years 2010-2013) 《平价医疗法案》对哥伦比亚特区非营利性、全方位服务医院运营成本的影响(2010-2013年美国国税局纳税年度)

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3249635

Karl Von Batten

{"title":"The Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Operating Cost in Nonprofit, Full-Service Hospitals in the District of Columbia (IRS Tax Years 2010-2013)","authors":"Karl Von Batten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3249635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3249635","url":null,"abstract":"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The ACA has two primary goals: expand access to health insurance and reduce healthcare costs. The ACA has been described as one of the most contentious pieces of federal legislation ever enacted by the United States Government. Opponents of the ACA claim that the ACA will put a strain on hospitals and result in increased healthcare cost. Supporters of the ACA argue the opposite is true and suggest that the ACA will reduce operational redundancies and streamline healthcare operational activities, resulting in lower healthcare cost. Hospitals face significant operating expenses in delivering care. A review of the available studies that have been conducted on the effects of the ACA shows that little research is focused on the effect of the ACA on hospital operating cost, especially as it pertains to nonprofit hospitals. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the effect of the ACA on the operating cost of full-service hospitals in the District of Columbia between IRS tax year 2010 and IRS tax year 2013.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116652354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0