Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal最新文献_第4页

Fiscal Policy and Poverty Reduction; the Nigeria Perspective 财政政策与减贫;尼日利亚视角

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3481507

Ubong Udonwa, Richard Dominic

{"title":"Fiscal Policy and Poverty Reduction; the Nigeria Perspective","authors":"Ubong Udonwa, Richard Dominic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3481507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481507","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal policy is a financial tool used by the government to correct expected economic disturbances and reset the economy to an equilibrium state. Based on this course, the current study investigates fiscal policy and its effect on poverty reduction in Nigeria from the year 1970-2015. The model that was adopted for the study is the Autoregressive distributed lag model with the idea of capturing the dynamic responses of the endogenous variable caused by changes in the observed variable lags and the contemporaneous and lagged values of the other explanatory variables. The test for the presence of the Unit root was conducted using both Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillip Perron. The result shows that in the ADF result that all the variable were stationary at first difference while only the Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) was stationary at levels while the Phillip Perron result shows that only Other Government Revenue (OGR) and Overseas Development Assistance (ODA). The Narayan bound test co-integration test was conducted in a graphical form, following the result, there exists a long-run relationship in the model. The ARDL test which comprises of the long-run estimate and short-run reveals that the estimated coefficients of the dynamic models are smaller in the short-run as compare to the long-run estimate. Secondly, the diagnostic test shows that the error terms of the short-run models are normally distributed and are homoscedastic. Majority of the findings are revealed in the work. Based on this, the study recommends; focus more on the use of other government revenue sources (non-tax income) in the finance of their expenditures and implementation of programmes.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Unemployment Benefits on Health and Living Standards in Turkey: Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling and Regression Discontinuity Design 失业津贴对土耳其健康和生活水平的影响:来自结构方程模型和回归不连续设计的证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3574286

Oznur Ozdamar, Eleftherios Giovanis, Burcu Özdaş

{"title":"The Effect of Unemployment Benefits on Health and Living Standards in Turkey: Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling and Regression Discontinuity Design","authors":"Oznur Ozdamar, Eleftherios Giovanis, Burcu Özdaş","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3574286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574286","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeUnemployment can negatively affect individuals, their families and communities in various ways. When individuals are out of work may experience mental and physical health problems, material deprivation and poverty. This study aims to examine the impact of unemployment benefits on health and living standards in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a structural equation modelling (SEM) to consider the simultaneous relationships among the unemployment benefits and the latent variables of health and Standard of Living (SoL). We propose a fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (FRDD) and a Regression Kink Design (RKD) within the SEM framework to infer causality. For the empirical analysis, the authors employ the panel Income and Living Conditions Survey (ILCS) in 2007–2015.FindingsThe authors’ findings suggest that those who receive these benefits are more likely to report higher levels of health and improve their living standards compared to the non-recipients. Furthermore, unemployment benefits replacement rates are associated with improved levels in health and living standards. The authors’ results indicate a substantial heterogeneity on the impact of unemployment benefits since males, low educated individuals and those belonging to the lower levels of income are affected more in terms of their health status and living standards.Originality/valueThe majority of earlier studies have focused on the impact of unemployment benefits on labor outcomes. The originality of this study is that we implement the FRDD and RKD within the SEM framework to explore, simultaneously, the impact of unemployment insurance on health and living standards. Moreover, future research studies can implement this framework to infer causality and explore the impact of related policies and reforms.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Tax Competition With Asymmetric Endowments in Fossil Resources 非对称禀赋下的化石资源税收竞争

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3593219

Max Franks, K. Lessmann

{"title":"Tax Competition With Asymmetric Endowments in Fossil Resources","authors":"Max Franks, K. Lessmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3593219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3593219","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of strategic interactions of governments on global factor markets. We analyze carbon taxes and subsidies and their impact on national welfare in a two country model with markets for capital and fossil resources, and asymmetric resource en- dowments. We have four contributions. First, we show that resource poor countries have an incentive to tax the use of fossil fuels to appropriate the resource rent. Resource rich countries subsidize fossil fuel use to attract production factors in order to increase national income. Second, we demonstrate that capital mobility has a taming effect on the incentives to tax and to subsidize resources. When taxing resources not only affects the international resource market, but also the international capital market, taxation is more distortionary and is thus more costly to governments. Third, while early studies of asymmetric tax competition found that small countries in terms of population are winners of tax competition, we show that with asymmetric resource endowments but a symmetric population size, there are no winners. Then, the Nash equilibrium of carbon tax competition is the least desirable outcome in terms of social welfare. A game structure similar to a Prisoner’s Dilemma emerges and cooperation makes Pareto improvements over the Nash equilibrium possible. Fourth, we explore the distinction of strategic policy interaction in tax competition and tariff war.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132681179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charity As Income Redistribution: A Model With Optimal Taxation, Status, and Social Stigma 慈善作为收入再分配:一个具有最优税收、地位和社会污名的模型

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3459104

T. Aronsson, O. Johansson-Stenman, R. Wendner

{"title":"Charity As Income Redistribution: A Model With Optimal Taxation, Status, and Social Stigma","authors":"T. Aronsson, O. Johansson-Stenman, R. Wendner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3459104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3459104","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the increasing inequality in many countries, this paper analyzes redistributive charitable giving from the rich to the poor in a model of optimal nonlinear income taxation. Our framework integrates (i) public and private redistribution, (ii) the warm glow of giving and stigma of receiving charitable donations, and (iii) status concerns emanating from social comparisons with respect to charitable donations and private consumption. Whether charity should be taxed or supported largely depends on the relative strengths of the warm glow of giving and the stigma of receiving charity, respectively, and on the positional externalities caused by charitable donations. In addition, imposing stigma on the mimicker (which relaxes the self-selection constraint) strengthens the case for subsidizing charity. We also consider a case where the government is unable to target the charitable giving through a direct tax instrument, and we examine how the optimal marginal income tax structure should be adjusted in response to charitable giving. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the quantitative effects of the aforementioned mechanisms can be substantial.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Change and Continuity in Special Economic Zones: A Reassessment and Lessons From China 经济特区的变迁与延续:再评估与中国的经验教训

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.18356/22DF74E1-EN

Xiangming Chen

引用次数: 14

Discontent with Taxes and the Timing of Taxation: Experimental Evidence 对税收的不满和税收的时机:实验证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2749532

R. Vranceanu, A. Sutan, D. Dubart

引用次数: 1

Determinants of Online Local Budget Transparency in Croatia and Slovenia 克罗地亚和斯洛文尼亚在线地方预算透明度的决定因素

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-11 DOI: 10.17573/cepar.2019.2.08

Katarina Ott, Mihaela Bronić, B. Stanić, Maja Klun, Jože Benčina

{"title":"Determinants of Online Local Budget Transparency in Croatia and Slovenia","authors":"Katarina Ott, Mihaela Bronić, B. Stanić, Maja Klun, Jože Benčina","doi":"10.17573/cepar.2019.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of the public governance, transparency started to come forward during the New Public Management reforms, mostly for the evaluation of public sector efficiency. This article focuses on online local budget transparency (OLBT) in two neighbouring countries – Croatia and Slovenia. The article is pioneering in a comparative study of the determinants of budget transparency in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, based on a unique database and measure of transparency. The article tests the determinants of OLBT that reflect the accountability of local authorities and a cornerstone for public participation in the budget process. The following methodology was applied: using a data set of 768 Slovenian and Croatian local governments over the 2015–2017 period and testing it against several financial and socio-economic variables, and a random effects panel logistic regression, separately for Croatia, Slovenia, and a pooled sample. The results indicate that greater size of the population, higher administrative capacity and lower unemployment rate in individual local governments significantly contribute to higher levels of OLBT. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing a standardised measure of local budget transparency and using it to investigate the reasons for different levels of transparency in the two – and potentially other – CEE countries. The results of this and similar studies can serve as a basis for establishing cohesive local budget transparency policies for different countries and creating a combination of policy instruments to enhance transparency.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129879853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Mortality and Socioeconomic Consequences of Prescription Opioids: Evidence from State Policies 处方阿片类药物的死亡率和社会经济后果:来自国家政策的证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W26135

R. Kaestner, Engy Ziedan

{"title":"Mortality and Socioeconomic Consequences of Prescription Opioids: Evidence from State Policies","authors":"R. Kaestner, Engy Ziedan","doi":"10.3386/W26135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W26135","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents estimates of the effects of state prescription opioid policies on prescription opioid sales, mortality and socioeconomic outcomes of adults. Results indicate that state implementation of a “modern” PDMP is associated with decreases in opioid sales of between 5% and 20% and that pill mill laws are associated with a decrease in opioid sales of between 15% and 50%. The reductions in prescription opioid sales associated with these state policies were, in general, not associated with statistically significant effects on mortality. In the case of socioeconomic outcomes, we found consistent evidence that the adoption of a “modern” PDMP was associated with small, but statistically significant reductions in employment of 1% to 2% across all demographic groups examined; small reductions in earnings that were not statistically significant and similarly small, marginally significant increases in receipt of public assistance, particularly for women; and a significant, but small (1%) decline in the probability of being married among females. In contrast, pill mill laws were associated with marginally significant increases in employment of 1% to 2%, but only among those ages 18 to 25; small, but insignificant increases in earnings of males of between 2% to 4%; and a significant, but small (1%) decline in the probability of being married among all demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":403078,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129849582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Openness, Country Size, and Governments: Dynamic Panel Evidence 开放、国家大小和政府:动态面板证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-07-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3422757

Marius van Oordt

引用次数: 0

Bunching to Maximize Tax Credits: Evidence from Kinks in the U.S. Tax Schedule 聚在一起最大限度地提高税收抵免:来自美国税收时间表的证据

Public Economics: Fiscal Policies & Behavior of Economic Agents eJournal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2719859

Jacob A. Mortenson, Andrew Whitten

引用次数: 25