Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion最新文献

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A transdisciplinary approach to teaching and building a higher education system 跨学科的教学方法和高等教育体系的建设
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.7
L. Udovychenko, Iryna Pyatnitska-Pozdnyakova, Iryna Skliar, Andriy Pavliv, Olena Fonariuk
{"title":"A transdisciplinary approach to teaching and building a higher education system","authors":"L. Udovychenko, Iryna Pyatnitska-Pozdnyakova, Iryna Skliar, Andriy Pavliv, Olena Fonariuk","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.7","url":null,"abstract":"Transdisciplinarity in higher education involves the formation of competence that enables the practical use of acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities from various disciplines in order to solve applied problems. The purpose of the academic paper lies in highlighting the features of using the transdisciplinary approach in the modern system of higher education. The present research is based on the transdisciplinarity concept as a way of solving complex social problems due to the properties and competencies of the individual to use knowledge, skills and abilities for solving complex problems. Results. Transdisciplinarity (TD) in the system of higher education is manifested as a form of education that ensures the formation of competence in specialists for solving complex problems based on a holistic approach and knowledge that is on the border of different disciplines. It has been revealed that TD is a new form of problem solving due to the specialist’s transdisciplinary knowledge and his competence to apply it to the existing problem in the subject area. Thus, transdisciplinarity in higher education is the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in order to find a way for solving complex social problems. Higher educational institutions form transdisciplinary competence as a personal quality.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88072298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Formation of german linguistic translation competence among university students 大学生德语语言翻译能力的形成
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.20
Valentyna Gutnyk, Sorina Solomko, Marianna Paustovska, I. Trutsunenko, Elvira Horbach
{"title":"Formation of german linguistic translation competence among university students","authors":"Valentyna Gutnyk, Sorina Solomko, Marianna Paustovska, I. Trutsunenko, Elvira Horbach","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.20","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone who wants to succeed in professional, scientific, and practical activities needs interpreting skills. They are a must in international business cooperation. Today no international negotiations can do without an interpreter. The study aims to determine the peculiarities of forming the translation competence of German language students. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in one of the higher educational institutions of Ukraine, which, according to the results obtained, allows us to evaluate students’ success and study the conditions for the formation of future translators’ competence. The research tasks are solved using the methods of description, observation, formative experiment, and statistics. The use of general scientific methods allows for determining positive changes in the experimental and control groups in the process of forming translation competence during the German language study. It is assumed that the creation of pedagogical conditions and the use of modern information resources can increase the skills level of future translators. It will have a positive impact on their employment and successful professional activities. To increase future translators’ professionalism, it plans to develop educational projects to form translation competencies. To master them while studying German, students should focus on getting practical communication skills and technical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87141370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors 信息通信技术在合唱团、乐团指挥远程硕士培训条件下的应用特点
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.15
Lyudmyla Shumska, Mykola Shumskyi, G. Savchuk, Yuliia Puchko-Kolesnyk, Nelia Velychko, Larisa Chincheva
{"title":"Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors","authors":"Lyudmyla Shumska, Mykola Shumskyi, G. Savchuk, Yuliia Puchko-Kolesnyk, Nelia Velychko, Larisa Chincheva","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the academic paper, based on the results of the analysis of the viewpoints of scientists regarding the selection and application of information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance education of choir and orchestra conductors and the study of practical aspects of the master’s training of specialists in choral and orchestral conducting, lies in revealing and identifying the main features of the professional training of this type of specialists. Methodology. In the process of conducting the research, an analytical and bibliographic method has been used to study the scientific literature on the issues of distance master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors, as well as a questionnaire to conduct a survey of choral and orchestral conductors. Results. Based on the results of the research conducted, the features of the choice and application of information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors have been analysed, and basic information has been prepared on the effectiveness of using various information.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72689396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Distance education in the conditions of martial law in institutions of higher education: development and practice 戒严条件下高校远程教育的发展与实践
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.6
H. Marynchenko, Nataliia Nosovets, Yurii Bezruchenkov, Y. Oliinyk, S. Bykova
{"title":"Distance education in the conditions of martial law in institutions of higher education: development and practice","authors":"H. Marynchenko, Nataliia Nosovets, Yurii Bezruchenkov, Y. Oliinyk, S. Bykova","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to establish the peculiarities of existing obstacles and promising directions of online education system d evelopment in the context of military conflicts of the present. The research is based on the results of the study of scientific literature in the field of online education during war and the study of practical aspects of this issue. The analytical and bibliographic method was used to conduct the study by studying the scientific literature on the issues of online education in higher education during martial law. An online questionnaire survey of the heads of departments of higher education institutions working with students during military conflicts in the territory of the HEIs was also used. As the heads of departments of higher education noted in their responses, the main obstacles to the development of online education are the lack of development and implementation of educational online platforms, the low rate and quality of creation or adaptation of information technology and e-learning tools.\u0000\u0000The participants of the survey identified promising areas of development of online learning in higher education during military operations: updating of software and hardware, providing higher education institutions with quality Internet access and distance learning, taking into account current trends in information and educational technologies.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73763491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Organization of an inclusive educational environment for the development of children with special educational needs 为有特殊教育需要的儿童提供包容性的教育环境
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.1
N. Bakhmat, Olha Vyshnyk, A. Moskaljova, O. Fediy, Kateryna Lisovska
{"title":"Organization of an inclusive educational environment for the development of children with special educational needs","authors":"N. Bakhmat, Olha Vyshnyk, A. Moskaljova, O. Fediy, Kateryna Lisovska","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently in academic papers by educators and practical psychologists, the issue of searching for means and tools designed to make the life of people with disabilities full and independent has been increasingly raised. Many scientists point to the need for new forms of education that promote the integration of people with special needs into society. An inclusive education deserves special attention among them. This article aims to identify and characterize the benefits of an inclusive classroom for children's development and socialization. The article studies the academic papers on the work of inclusive classes from the perspective of their role in the development and successful socialization of education applicants. Also, it investigates the results of the questionnaire survey of teachers and parents of children studying in inclusive classes. During the research, we studied the content of the inclusive education concept and features of this educational process form, established the goals, and highlighted the most important aspects of creating an inclusive environment.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79837282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of online and offline academic mobility of students in modern conditions 现代条件下学生线上线下学术流动的发展
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.11
O. Bakhmat, L. Lisina, I. Udovenko, L. Nikolenko, N. Buhlai
{"title":"Development of online and offline academic mobility of students in modern conditions","authors":"O. Bakhmat, L. Lisina, I. Udovenko, L. Nikolenko, N. Buhlai","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research lies in identifying the problematic aspects of ensuring academic mobility of students in the conditions of distance learning. The research methodology consists of the methods as follows: statistical, scientific abstraction, analogy, comparison, analysis, synthesis, graphic, tabular, systematization, generalization. The results of the research prove that the academic mobility of students is one of the effective methods of exchanging experience, knowledge and professional skills in order to increase the competitiveness of the future specialist and his ability to meet the requirements of the globalized labour market. In the course of the research, the problems of ensuring the academic mobility of students have been identified, namely: a low level of awareness of the possibilities of academic mobility, motivation and their financial capacity, the lack of interrelationship between the level of education and income, low rates of development of virtual academic mobility. Taking into consideration the downward trends in the participation of students from Ukraine in EU projects on academic mobility (969 in 2018, 852 in 2019, 1191 in 2020, respectively), it is proposed to intensify the process of obtaining a double diploma by students; to form a mechanism for guaranteeing further employment with a high level of remuneration; to introduce programs of educational crediting of academic mobility by commercial banks.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85306885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comparing the efficiency of podcasts and mobile applications in the study of the german language by university students 大学生德语学习中播客和手机应用效率的比较
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.18
Lidiia Oliinyk, I.D.C. Gaman, O. Chaikovska, Olena Bezzubova, Marianna Paustovska
{"title":"Comparing the efficiency of podcasts and mobile applications in the study of the german language by university students","authors":"Lidiia Oliinyk, I.D.C. Gaman, O. Chaikovska, Olena Bezzubova, Marianna Paustovska","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to study and compare the efficiency and effectiveness of podcasts and mobile applications in the study of the German language by students of the faculty of linguistics. The research involved several key stages: (1) studying scientific publications that demonstrate the experience of using the studied methods in teaching a foreign language in university; (2) selecting a sample from the 2- and the 3-year students of the faculty of linguistics, Philology; (3) the diagnostic stage that includes testing to identify the level of knowledge of students and dividing participants into groups according to the test results; (4) the forming stage that presupposes studying with the use of podcasts and a mobile application; and (5) the final stage with re-testing followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research results. It has been discovered that podcasts and the mobile application have a higher efficiency of learning a foreign language, compared to the method of traditional home assignment. At the same time, podcasts are more effective in developing students’ communicative competence, enriching vocabulary and improving the knowledge of orthoepic standards of the German language, while the mobile application showed the best results in developing students’ grammar, spelling and punctuation skills.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82858292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Innovative digital technologies in the pr-management specialists training for public administration bodies on the blended learning 创新数字技术在公共行政机构前管理专家培训中的应用
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.12
T. Mamatova, I. Chykarenko, Oleksii O. Chykarenko, Т. Kravtsova, Oleg Kravtsov
{"title":"Innovative digital technologies in the pr-management specialists training for public administration bodies on the blended learning","authors":"T. Mamatova, I. Chykarenko, Oleksii O. Chykarenko, Т. Kravtsova, Oleg Kravtsov","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The paper examined the information digital technologies effectiveness in the PR-management specialists training for public administration bodies on the blended learning model. The research methodology is based on a mixed-methods approach and a combination of qualitative and quantitative design to fully cover the use of digital technology in the training of professionals under martial law. Results. It has been demonstrated that through a combination of different digital technologies in the higher education institutions of Ukraine, depending on the stage of training and type of lesson, a flexible inclusive approach was used, making provision for the creation of common standards for teaching through digital technology. Innovative digital technologies were used depending on the stage of the educational process (communication and interaction; conducting lectures and seminars; transferring learning materials and exchanging them; digital content development; knowledge evaluation and academic performance rating). As the higher education institutions of Ukraine significantly improved the asynchronous learning models, the preparation level of both educators and students for the complete transition to asynchronous learning given the war was markedly higher. It is deemed that the flexible self-study model during the war ensures the general competencies development, however students have not mastered a sufficient level of professional practical competencies.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88986645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Training future pre-school professionals in psycho-pedagogical support for early childhood development 培训未来的学前专业人员,为儿童早期发展提供心理教学支持
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.14
A. Karnaukhova, O. Polovina, L. Harashchenko, I. Kondratets, T. Ponomarenko
{"title":"Training future pre-school professionals in psycho-pedagogical support for early childhood development","authors":"A. Karnaukhova, O. Polovina, L. Harashchenko, I. Kondratets, T. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.14","url":null,"abstract":"The main tasks of pre-school education specialists become the formation of a favourable educational environment for children’s development, effecient organization of time and interaction with children. The training of future specialists should be focused on their personal and professional maturity in order to develop the child’s personality and improve the quality of preschool education. The aim of the article was to empirically study the approaches to preparing future specialists of preschool education for psychological and pedagogical support of early childhood development. The research methodology includes content analysis of regulatory documents and standards in the preschool education subsystem, analysis of secondary data from a survey of Ukrainian university students regarding satisfaction with the disciplines that provide training in early childhood psychological and pedagogical support. The results indicate the use of the competent approach in the training of specialists embedded in the main standards of the preschool education subsystem. The standards define the requirements for the child’s mandatory competencies and educational outcomes as well as the competencies of the child’s educator. The need for alignment and revision of the professional standard for educator as well as the standard for higher education in the context of the alignment of competencies acquired by students in the process of education has been identified. The results of the survey indicate a high level of student satisfaction with the training in the discipline “Psychological and pedagogical foundations of early childhood”.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85004300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Psychological and pedagogical features of training future social service workers 培养未来社会服务工作者的心理和教学特点
IF 0.4
Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.16
N. Zaveryko, Y. Matskevich, O. Balukhtina, Oksana Sementsova, L. Ivanova
{"title":"Psychological and pedagogical features of training future social service workers","authors":"N. Zaveryko, Y. Matskevich, O. Balukhtina, Oksana Sementsova, L. Ivanova","doi":"10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.16","url":null,"abstract":"The system of training future workers of social services is being transformed in connection with a number of challenges in the social-economic sphere, significantly differentiating within the EU countries. The purpose of the academic paper lies in analysing psychological and pedagogical features in the educational training of social service specialists using the example of EU countries. Methodology. A qualitative design based on a content analysis of the legal framework, statistical data and analytical reports posted on the website of the European Association of Schools of Social Work (2022) have been used in the present research. The results show that social work as an educational training program includes three educational levels: bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies. In general, in the EU countries, general requirements regarding the structure and content of educational programs are determined, which are established by legislation. Educational programs are built on a competency-based approach, which involves the formation of professional skills of specialists. Educational institutions specializing in the training of social workers are also experience changes in curricula in accordance with changes in social practice and European education standards, the growing role of practical experience, internships, and research projects. The training programs use the competency-based approach to overcome social problems and changes in social security systems.","PeriodicalId":40264,"journal":{"name":"Eduweb-Revista de Tecnologia de Informacion y Comunicacion en Educacion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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