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Character and Motivation in Aeschylus' Persae 埃斯库罗斯《波斯》中的性格与动机
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2017.0001
Jan Haywood
{"title":"Character and Motivation in Aeschylus' Persae","authors":"Jan Haywood","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2017.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2017.0001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most controversial aspects of Aeschylus' historical tragedy is its presentation of the Persian 'other'. Produced in 472 BCE, less than a decade after the Greeks' victory in the Persian Wars, the text has been read variously as a sympathetic portrait of the Persians who were defeated at Salamis, or as a robust defence of Greek ideals, showing little concern for the enfeebled Persians. This paper sheds further light on Aeschylus' complex presentation of his Persian protagonists, dividing the analysis into three parts. The first section situates Persae within a diverse suite of cultural responses to Persia shortly after the Persian Wars, and analyses the social-political backdrop of the play. The second section investigates the playwright's inclusion of an elaborate causal framework within the drama, demonstrating the various reasons that are cited by the different Persian characters in order to explain the Greeks' victory and the Persians' defeat. In the final section, the focus shifts to the chief protagonist of the drama, the Persian queen-mother, exploring the Queen's potent yet inconsistent understanding of and reaction to Xerxes' failed invasion. From this emerges a more nuanced understanding of Aeschylus' complex presentation of Persian character and motivation in Persae—a text that in certain ways pre-empts Herodotus' multi-layered account of the Persian Wars. For Aeschylus ultimately encourages his audience to understand the difficulties of unearthing historical causation, and to avoid a monolithic aetiology of the Persians' defeat.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125863629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Herodotus' Persian Stories: Narrative Shape and Historical Interpretation 希罗多德的波斯故事:叙事形式与历史解释
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2017.0002
C. Pelling
{"title":"Herodotus' Persian Stories: Narrative Shape and Historical Interpretation","authors":"C. Pelling","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2017.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2017.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Herodotus' Persian stories have a distinctive shape, well-rounded, often centring on the king and his court, with women prominent. This shaping has interpretative value, and so does the 'biographical' character of the Persian books: the stories are like that because the world is like that. Greek history is messier and less linear. How far does this explain Persian imperialism? Perhaps by explaining the difficulty of persuading the king to exercise restraint, given the problems of talking straight at court. Ultimately this may be more about power than about Persia, with the might of the Great King offering the clarity of extremes. The Athenian empire was now presenting an opposite extreme of democratic freedom, and the jury was out on how that would end.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Commemoration of a Royal Woman as a Warrior: The Burial in the Antechamber of Tomb II at Vergina 纪念一位皇室女性战士:埋葬在维尔吉纳古墓II的前厅
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2017.0004
E. Carney
{"title":"Commemoration of a Royal Woman as a Warrior: The Burial in the Antechamber of Tomb II at Vergina","authors":"E. Carney","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2017.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2017.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite the recent re-examination of the male and female human remains from tomb II at Vergina, it remains difficult to reconcile the osteological evidence with extant literary evidence about any one of the various royal women who might have been buried in the antechamber of the famous tomb. What does seem clear is that, for reasons of his own, the ruler who interred this woman chose to commemorate her as a woman warrior.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134645202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Compound Numbers and Numerals in Greek 希腊语中的复合数和数字
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0002
P. Keyser
{"title":"Compound Numbers and Numerals in Greek","authors":"P. Keyser","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0002","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of the word order in which Greek literary texts, up to circa 325 bce, record compound numbers (e.g., “twenty-four”) illuminates two problems: the transmission of numbers in those texts, and the expansion of “commercial” numeracy in Greek society. Compound numbers occur both in descending (“twenty-four”) and ascending (“four and twenty”) order. The prevalence of ascending-ordered numbers in these literary texts argues for their having been transmitted as words, not numerals. The proportion of numbers written in descending order differs among authors, and is correlated with a stronger presence of “commercial” numeracy. The evidence of inscriptions and papyri concurs.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"95 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129581087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pompey as Phaethon 庞培饰演法厄同
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0000
S. McRoberts
{"title":"Pompey as Phaethon","authors":"S. McRoberts","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Lucan’s dependence on Ovid has become well established in scholarship. Lucan fashions Pompey’s character in accordance with the portrait of Phaethon in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In this paper the manner in which Lucan creates this portrayal in consonance with Ovid’s depiction of Phaethon in both Metamorphoses 1 and 2 is examined. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the meaning of the portrait in terms of the difficulty of governing the Roman Empire by anyone less the most competent.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129808336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Small Bandwidth: Augustus’ (Non)Reception in America and its Context 小带宽:奥古斯都在美国的(非)接受及其背景
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0003
K. Galinsky
{"title":"Small Bandwidth: Augustus’ (Non)Reception in America and its Context","authors":"K. Galinsky","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0003","url":null,"abstract":"To say that Augustus was one of the dominant figures of GrecoRoman antiquity would be an understatement. He was a conqueror and added more territory to Rome’s empire than any Roman before him.1 For good reason, Alexander was a model and inspiration and the Macedonian’s anastolé, even if more sedately, became part of the iconic image of Augustus. At the same time, he oversaw a period of profound transformation within the empire2 and it is no coincidence that Ovid, who in his way is the most Augustan poet, chose mutatas formas as the theme of his master work.3 Amid all this, Augustus was not a demiurge, let alone a micromanager; it has been well observed that not everything","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123724547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rhetoric of The Roman Revolution 《罗马革命修辞学
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0004
C. Pelling
{"title":"Rhetoric of The Roman Revolution","authors":"C. Pelling","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Ronald Syme’s Roman Revolution is generally recognised as his literary masterpiece as well as a brilliant work of historical interpretation: that makes it a suitable subject for some of the techniques of literary analysis that are now applied to ancient historical writers. A manuscript of an earlier draft makes it possible to trace its genesis: some of his most famous epigrammatic formulations are late additions to his text, while some of his expansions of that early draft, particularly in the first chapters, suggest that he was already uneasy about areas which reviewers fastened on in their criticisms. His affectation of the manner of Asinius Pollio is discussed, together with his (overstated) pillorying of Livy. This connects with his deft use of what we now call focalisation, so that his interpretations blur imperceptibly into those that were, or could have been, expressed at the time. The paper goes on to discuss what is added by the frequent allusions to Tacitus, and how far we should press intertextual readings; a test-case is given by an apparent allusion to Shakespeare’s Henry V. Syme’s characterisation is sometimes thought limited, with the main players all interpreted in a similar cynical way so that events seem to replay themselves: but with ancient authors such patterning is seen to be a vehicle for interpretation, and the same generosity can be extended to Syme. Finally, the echoes of 1930s power politics are addressed from the viewpoint of Syme’s audience, rendering them more susceptible to accept his leading themes: so these too contribute to the rhetoric of The Roman Revolution.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129268226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
From polis to oikos: Ideology and Genealogy in Pindar’s Olympian 9 从城邦到俄科斯:品达《奥林匹斯》中的意识形态与宗谱
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0005
P. Miller
{"title":"From polis to oikos: Ideology and Genealogy in Pindar’s Olympian 9","authors":"P. Miller","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Olympian 9, Pindar constructs a family for his victor, Epharmostos, whose family does not—contrary to the generic expectations of epinikian—appear in the ode. By establishing connections between the early ethnic and civic history of Lokris and Opous respectively, Pindar elevates the athletic victory of Epharmostos to the level of ethnic and civic foundation; at the same time, the conceiving of citizenship as essentially familial allows Pindar to praise inherited excellence and fulfill his ideological goals, even in an ode—and for a victor—who cannot claim to have inherited his athletic abilities.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126418829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sanitizing the Satirist 给讽刺作家消毒
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0001
Michael Ritter
{"title":"Sanitizing the Satirist","authors":"Michael Ritter","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a critique of a popular application of the persona theory, particularly as applied to Juvenal, by challenging the grounds upon which the satirist’s moralizing purpose is called into question. The implications of this theory present a central problem of efficacy in the interpretation of Juvenal’s early satires, since it presents the satirist as intent on undermining any didactic stance he has made. This leaves us with an unsatisfactory conclusion that excises Juvenal’s persistent treatment of themes consistent with contemporaneous authors who were similarly engaged in blackening the reputation of the famous dead.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116211619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virtuous Taxation in Cicero’s De Officiis
Syllecta Classica Pub Date : 2016-05-14 DOI: 10.1353/SYL.2015.0006
K. Neumann
{"title":"Virtuous Taxation in Cicero’s De Officiis","authors":"K. Neumann","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2015.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2015.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reexamines Cicero’s framework for empire in light of his interpretation of the ius gentium in De Officiis, namely the extension of justice to Roman and non-citizen alike in regards to health and private property. Part One explores how Cicero’s justifications for imperial expansion change when focused on a real — rather than ideal — state. Part Two considers a more difficult challenge to his philosophy: Roman taxation of existing provinces. This paper argues that although Cicero cautions against unnecessary taxation, imperial realities lead him to outline when this system can be justified in both domestic and imperial contexts.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122868947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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