{"title":"The Challenges of Translating Ḥāfiẓ into Russian","authors":"Yulya Rachinsky-Spivakov","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite the geographical proximity, the cultural and linguistic gaps between the Russian and the Persian languages are too many to enumerate. The Russian translator’s grasp of Islam and Middle Eastern culture at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century was limited—and frequently Orientalist. While the “exotic nature” of Persian poetry and Ḥāfiẓ’s ghazals in particular evoked great interest among translators and readers, it was presented to the Russian literary circles mostly in the tradition of secular lyrical poetry and was not placed in its mystical or allegorical context. Below, by citing four ghazals and their translation nuances by four Russian poets, this article will examine the means by which Russian translators introduced a nuanced Persian lyrical poetry to their Russian audience.","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kevin L. Schwartz. Remapping Persian Literary History, 1700–1900","authors":"Alexander Jabbari","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mana Kia. Persianate Selves: Memories of Place and Origin Before Nationalism","authors":"Samuel Hodgkin","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47021439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dūlāb: From Imagery to Actual Musical Instrument","authors":"Babak Kaviani Sourki, Nasrallah Emami","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using various sources such as scores, literature, photos, interviews, and other pertinent data, this study examines the evolution of Dūlāb into a musical instrument.1 Dūlāb evolves from the concepts of Dūlāb Āsiyāb (mill wheel), Dūlāb Chāh (well wheel), and Dūlāb Falak (celestial sphere). Irrigation, mills, together with knowledge of astronomy and, finally, the conceptualization of the image in the mind of the writers and poets certainly were also the fledglings of Dūlāb in Persian culture. Here are the stages of note in the development of this musical instrument: (1) Poets’ broad employment of the word Dūlāb, although under different auspices; (2) compilation of views by Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al-Ṣafā) as per their association of sounds with heaven by means of Dūlāb; (3) Rumi’s weaving of Dūlāb into his uber-mystical context whereby the symbolic discourse regarding it is systematically developed; (4) well wheels, mill wheels, and celestial sphere (falak) as well as spinning wheels and spinning Sufi rituals (samā‘).","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42154359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asghar Seyed-Gohrab. Martyrdom, Mysticism and Dissent: The Poetry of the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)","authors":"Alireza Korangy","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"George A. Bournoutian. From the Kur to Aras: A Military History of Russia’s Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War","authors":"S. Riegg","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humor in the Education of the Women in the Manuscript Ādāb al-nisvān","authors":"Maryam Mavaddat","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The unpublished work Ᾱdāb al-Nisvān (Women’s mannerisms) is a reworked version of ‘Aqā’id al-Nisā’ (Women’s beliefs), otherwise known as Kulthūm-nana, the namesake of the main character in this work of prose. On the one hand, this work introduces a valuable resource as to the idea of the education of women in nineteenth-century Iran; and on the other hand, it is an attempt to verify the validity of claims made in Aqā’īd al-nisā’, and as such the validity of the reworked Ᾱdāb al-nisvān. One can make some connections between the two manuscripts. Ᾱdāb al-nisvān represents the folkloric aspects of women’s society. Didactic literature of this sort aims to criticize by means of ribaldry and satire. It guffaws at the religious superstitions of women—often later in years, where acting games and rites create a paradoxical framework for the intended reality. The author attempts to guide the feminine behavioral patterns by criticizing their ritual performances. This work takes an analogical approach to these manuscripts, their intent, and the theatrical genre of bāzīhā, where women highlight their societal ills in the all-woman sites available to them in their society.","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Khayyām’s Melodies, Kafka’s Message, and Hidāyat’s Epilogue: The Kafkaesque Legacy in Persian Literature","authors":"Haidar Khezri","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the reception of Kafka in modern Persian literature. Ṣādiq Hidāyat’s Kafka’s Message (Payām-i Kāfkā 1948) is the catalyst of this reception as one of the first critical Persian texts to discuss a European writer and the first sustained, critical text on Kafka in any Islamic cultural context. Hidāyat’s efforts in repackaging Kafka as a Manichean, downplaying Kafka’s Jewish ethnicity and religion, are placed in dialogue with past, present, and future critical readings of Kafka in academic circles. By shedding light on Hidāyat’s introduction to Khayyām’s Melodies (Tarānahā-yi Khayyām 1934) and Kafka’s Message, this article moves beyond previous scholarship, which focuses exclusively on Hidāyat as a surrealist novelist and short story writer, to draw attention to his contributions to Persian literary criticism. It shows how Hidāyat perceived and articulated a critical humanism in a tradition which he traces from ‘Umar Khayyām, through Kafka, to his own literary enterprise. An appendix offers an original English translation of the opening pages of Kafka’s Message.","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Desire and Deferral: A Narratological Study of Shamlu’s Poetry","authors":"Masoud Farahmandfar, Abdolrasoul Shakeri","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Shortly after August 1941 with the easing of censorship on the press, the literati took full advantage to better inform their milieu. Many new magazines and literary periodicals emerged and the first wave of post-Yūshij poetry was published. These poems, more often than not, represented a kind of languid and otiose romanticism,1 of which the early poetry of Ahmad Shamlu is symptomatic. After the August 1953 coup, romanticism in poetry and poetics was jettisoned for social activism. Shamlu’s poems are “reflexive,” real time images of his milieu. For him, poetry is the child of necessity, and as such it is not prescribed by the poet but by his surroundings. However, the poet’s flighty and ravenous need for freedom always remained unfulfilled. The dialectic of desire and deferral is ever so present. This article examines the inner structure of Shamlu’s poetry by offering a narratological reading of some of his poems, à la Algirdas Julius Greimas.","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping the Silk Road: Geographies of Nature, Affect, and Spirituality in the Turkmen Poetry of Magtymguly Pyragy","authors":"E. O’Dell","doi":"10.5325/intejperslite.7.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.7.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Magtymguly Pyragy is considered the national poet of the Turkmen people and credited with introducing classical Chagatai as a literary language and founding Turkmen literature.1 Hailing from the Caspian region near the modern-day border region between Turkmenistan and Iran,2 Pyragy traveled far and wide to Anatolia, Bukhara, Khiva, Afghanistan, and India; as a result, these geographies feature prominently in his poetry. Pyragy’s far-reaching geographic references in his poetry touch upon every stretch of the Silk Road from the Volga-Ural region all the way to China. His numerous verses evincing fear of the Kizilbash threat and his invocations of celebrated Persian mystic poets whose ranks he wished to join chart emotional, affective, and spiritual geographies that illuminate the political upheavals of the eighteenth century and the persistence of Pyragy’s own poetic ambitions in the face of regional instability. Surveying the diverse geographies and ecologies in the poetry of Pyragy reveals the unsettling realities of Turkmen tribal disunity, the affective expansiveness of the poetic Turkmen imaginary in depicting foreign landscapes, and the importance of nature and pride of place in the Caspian region in the midst of the shifting political geographies of the time.","PeriodicalId":40138,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Persian Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}