Trends in Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic evaluation of glycogen synthase kinase 3A (GSK3A) mRNA expression in colon cancer patients","authors":"N. Walter, Jasmeet Kaur","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i2.6804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i2.6804","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: GSK3, a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase regulates cell-cycle progression, differentiation and apoptosis and its inhibition can have a tumor suppressor/promoter effect, depending on the cell type. There are conflicting reports of GSK3 in cell growth, but most studies have focused on GSK3β and very few on GSK3α in cancer. GSK3α regulates proliferation of melanoma and pancreatic and colon cancer cells, but the predictive role of GSK3A is not known in colon cancer. Material and methods: The prognostic role of GSK3A was assessed in colon cancer patients employing Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database. Online ROC plotter tool was used to compare the GSK3A gene expression in colorectal cancer patients receiving any form of chemotherapy. Results: Current results show that higher GSK3A mRNA expression is significantly related to poorer Relapse Free Survival (RFS) in colon cancer patients. Assessment of GSK3A mRNA for different clinicopathological features like clinical stages, TP53 mutation, stage T and stage N highlighted the critical prognostic value of GSK3A mRNA in colon cancer. Discussion and conclusion: GSK3A will help to better predict colon cancer prognosis and to develop better treatment strategies for colon cancer patients and will be beneficial in combating the heterogeneity and complexity of colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential role of nanophytocompounds in diabetic foot ulcers","authors":"Komal Thapa, N. Kanojia, Nitin Verma","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i2.4186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i2.4186","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, which is a common endocrine disease. DM and its complications may lead to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). DFU is associated with reduced wound healing because of altered cellular and cytokine responses, inadequate vascularization, infection, and neuropathy. One novel and promising approach to treating diabetic wound healing is the administration of compounds based on nanotherapeutics, such as nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds. Plant extracts can be administered more successfully by using nanoscale delivery methods. Plant extracts and their related phytocompounds can be nanostructured to enhance their bioavailability, regulate their release via extended delivery techniques to the wound site, and increase their penetration to the deeper layers of the skin. All these benefits are critical for the healing process. This brief overview covers the most recent methods to develop phytomedicine nanotherapeutics for the treatment of diabetic wounds.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"35 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR T-cells therapy as a ray of hope for cancer treatment","authors":"Hitesh Chopra, Shivani Chopra, Sonia Arora, K. Dhama","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i2.2432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i2.2432","url":null,"abstract":"New hope for patients with specific blood malignancies has arisen with the emergence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a revolutionary approach to cancer immunotherapy. This groundbreaking therapy modifies a patient’s immune system such that their own T cells can identify and destroy cancer-specific antigens by expressing CARs. Multiple myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemias are among the blood malignancies that have been treated with six CAR T-cell treatments that have been approved by the FDA since 2017. The treatment entails drawing T cells out of the patient’s blood, changing their genes to produce CARs, and then reintroducing these modified cells into the patient. The CAR T-cells have the ability to identify cancer cells, proliferate, and kill them once they enter the circulation. This might lead to long-term protection from the illness. Patients with blood malignancies who have relapsed or are resistant to previous treatments have shown encouraging results in clinical studies, with some patients even managing to achieve long-term remissions. Cytokine release syndrome and neurological toxicities are two of the many potential adverse effects of CAR T-cell treatment that must be carefully managed. The complicated production method and expensive treatment cost further restrict its broad availability. Research is ongoing with the goals of improving the safety profile, increasing the effectiveness, and expanding the applicability of CAR T-cell therapy to solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on general treatment principles and methods of bone fracture in Mongolian medicine","authors":"SuRilige SuRilige, Lagshmaa Baldoo, Naranbat Lkhagvasuren, AQilatu AQilatu, Oyuntsetseg Namsrai","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.5178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.5178","url":null,"abstract":"The Mongolian nomadic nation has created bone healing, or fracture healing, which is suitable for the extreme weather and territory, unique living conditions, and physical characteristics while struggling to fight diseases during a long historical period. Gradually, this treatment method has gradually developed into a more comprehensive theoretical system throughout history and has unique names due to the thinking scope of the Mongols, their cognition development, and thus their use of it in their everyday lives and continuing to enrich their knowledge. Mongols have rich experience healing bone fractures and injuries from ancient times. They are usually used to perform bone setting and massage therapy. On the other hand, they have experience using herbal and mineral medicines to heal bone fractures and injuries. During their practice, the knowledge of herbal and mineral medicines used for bone fractures and injuries became expansive. After Buddhism reemerged in the 16th century, Mongolian doctors and knowledgeable people wrote many medical books in Tibetan. One of the major representatives was Jambaldorj, who wrote Mongolian materia medica, called “The beautiful wondrous eye ornament,” based on “Four medical tantras.” In treating bone fracture and injury in traditional medicine, firstly, the four treatment methods mentioned in “Four medical tantras” are the main principles and methods, which are wind, bile and phlegm theory, dietary recommendations, advice on behavior, prescribing medicine, and accessory therapy. We concluded that the names of herbal and mineral medicines used to practice bone setting are the same, even though they are mentioned in various sources.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro cytotoxic and inhibitory effect of tramadol, flunitrazepam and levonogestrel on neutrophils and myeloperoxidase","authors":"E. B. Oyewo, Juliana Oluwafunmilayo Ajayi, B. Oso, A. Adekunle, Peace Temidayo Ige, Peter Ayomide Akomolafe","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2463","url":null,"abstract":"The abuse of flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel among adolescents is a major problem, with adverse effects on the immune system. Neutrophils serve as the host primary defense and employ the role of an essential enzyme, myeloperoxidase. This study investigated the in vitro effect of flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel on the activity of the neutrophil. Neutrophils were isolated from blood samples of volunteers and seeded in culture plates, and then treated with flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to assess the cytotoxic effect of flunitrazepam, (15, 150, 1500, 15,000, 150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (300, 3000, 30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (18.5, 185 and 1850 ng/mL) on the neutrophils, and the effect flunitrazepam (150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (1850 ng/mL) on myeloperoxidase activity was assessed. The viability of neutrophils treated with flunitrazepam, (15,000, 150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (300, 3000, 30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (18.5, 185 and 1850 ng/mL) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with control. Myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils treated with flunitrazepam (150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (1850 ng/mL) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with background and positive control. This study revealed that flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel altered the activity of myeloperoxidase and phagocytic activities of the neutrophil.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"2008 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first study of real-world efficacy and safety of Natalizumab (Tysabri®) in Iran","authors":"M. Shahrbaf, Monireh Samimi, S. Karimi, M. Salari, Mehran Ghaffari, S. Yazdanbakhsh, Abbas Najafian, Massoud Vosough, Seyed Massood Nabavi","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3920","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Natalizumab is an injectable DMT (disease-modifying therapy) which used for RRMS (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) since 2006. The drug has been available in Iran since 2014. Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of Natalizumab in a referral center in Tehran, Iran. This study is the first real world analysis of efficacy and safety of Natalizumab in our country. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with RRMS were investigated in a high-volume center in Tehran from 2019 to 2021. MS (Multiple Sclerosis) patients under treatment with Natalizumab who have received at least 3 infusions of the drug and had completed follow-up data, have been evaluated for safety and efficacy of Natalizumab. Results: 100 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean follow-up time was 20 months (6–33 months). The median EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score of patients reached to 2 from 2.5 after the treatment course (P < 0.0001). The annualized relapse rate (ARR) decreased from 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87) to 0.023 (95% CI 0.009–0.061). The median JCV (John Cunningham virus) index remained unchanged before treatment 0.85 (IQR: 0.21–2.41) compare to after the treatment 0.85 (IQR: 0.21–2.31). The number of patients with active brain and cervical MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lesions decreased significantly (P = 0.001). NEDA-3 (No evidence of disease activity) was improved from 9% to 87% after the treatment with Natalizumab. No serious adverse events except than one progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML) case have been found. The main reasons of switching from Natalizumab to the other DMDs (Disease Modifying Drugs) were positive JC index, starting phase, noncompliance, pregnancy, MRI activity and seroconversion after starting the drug. Conclusion: Natalizumab is a safe and effective choice in RRMS patients for reducing relapse rate, disability score, active MRI lesion, and improving the NEDA (No evidence of disease activity).","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"47 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of autophagy-associated protein LC3, metastasis, and chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer patients receiving uracil-based chemotherapy: An observational study","authors":"Mochammad Riskie Aditya Putra, Reno Rudiman, Kiki Lukman, Bambang Am Am Setya Sulthana, Andriana Purnama, Tommy Ruchimat, Alma Wijaya, Prapanca Nugraha, Andhika Rahmawan","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: LC3 serves as a marker for assessing autophagy activity in cancer cells, which is a potential focus for therapeutic interventions. It holds the potential to serve as a predictive indicator of resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Thus, this study is aimed at finding the association between LC3 expression, metastasis, and chemotherapy response in colorectal patients. Methods: This study was an observational study evaluating the stage and chemotherapy response of a colorectal cancer patient in a tertiary hospital in West Java, Indonesia. The research participants included in this study were 83 subjects. The examination of LC3 was performed with immunohistochemistry. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were used for the evaluation of the chemotherapy response. Results: A positive LC3 expression was shown in 58 (69.9%) patients. In positive LC3 expression, 20 subjects (27.4%) showed progressive response, 16 subjects (21.9%) showed stable response, 12 subjects (16.4%) showed partial response, and 1 subject (1.4%) showed complete response. Meanwhile, in negative LC3 expression, 12 subjects (16.4%) showed progressive response, 8 subjects (11%) showed stable response, 3 subjects (4.1%) showed partial response, and 1 subject (1.4%) showed complete response. The LC3 expression showed no significant relationship with age, sex, subtype, grade, tumor location, stage, or chemotherapy response (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of LC3 showed no significant relationship with metastasis or chemotherapy response.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"216 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra‐tumoral tumor infiltrating Lymphocyte‐T CD8+ and chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer: A prospective observational study","authors":"Deny Budiman, K. Lukman, R. Rudiman, B. A. S. Sulthana, Y. Sribudiani, Prapanca Nugraha, Lisa Y. Hasibuan, B. Dewayani","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2815","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The immunotherapy approach to colorectal cancer is becoming one of the key approaches to colorectal cancer treatment. One of the components of immune responses is tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ cells (TILs CD8+). While chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer, we need to consider immunotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Thus, this study is aimed at finding the association between TIL CD8+ expression and chemotherapy response. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with colorectal cancer patients in the Digestive Surgery division of a tertiary general hospital in West Java, Indonesia. An immunohistochemistry examination was used to evaluate the expression of TIL CD8+. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were used for the evaluation of chemotherapy response. Results: There were 53 research subjects included. There were 20 (37.7%) subjects with high expression of TILs CD8+; there were 30 (56.6%) subjects in stage III, followed by stage IV (17.32%) and stage II (6.11%). There were 18 subjects (34%) who showed progressive disease, 17 subjects (32.1%) showed partial response, and 16 subjects (30.2%) with high expression of TILs CD8+ showed partial chemotherapy response. The TILs CD8+ expression showed no significant relationship with age, sex, subtype, grade, or tumor location, but showed a significant relationship with stage and chemotherapy response (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High TILs CD8+ expression show a relationship with better chemotherapy response and a better prognosis based on disease stage in colorectal cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High rates of aggressive features in young Vietnamese females with papillary thyroid carcinoma: Associations with preoperative risk factors","authors":"Nguyen Van De, Dao Thi Huyen, Dinh Huu Tam","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2997","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid carcinoma represents a significant global health burden, rising worldwide incidence. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for most cases, but aggressive variants with capsular invasion and nodal metastases require more intensive treatment. Reported rates of these capsular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis vary widely. This study aimed to elucidate associations between clinical/tumor characteristics, capsular invasion, and nodal metastasis in Vietnamese PTC patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 1626 patients with cytologically/histologically confirmed thyroid carcinoma at a referral center in Vietnam during 2018–2020. Data collected included demographics, imaging, cytology, tumor features, capsular invasion, and nodal metastasis. Associations were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression. Results: Most patients were young (≤ 45) females with small papillary carcinomas. High rates of capsular invasion (58.7%) and nodal metastasis (28.5%) were observed. Capsular invasion was associated with higher TIRADS categories, Bethesda cytological categories, larger tumors, and papillary histology. Nodal metastasis was linked to younger age, male sex, higher TIRADS categories, larger tumors, papillary histology, and capsular invasion. Binary logistic regression identified TIRADS categories, Bethesda cytological categories, larger tumor size, younger age, male sex, and capsular invasion as independent predictors. Conclusion: Unexpectedly high rates of capsular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis were found. TIRADS, Bethesda system, tumor size, age, sex, and capsular invasion were significant preoperative risk factors for aggressive PTC behaviors.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":" 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of unilateral epidermal nevi complicated by atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab","authors":"Yumi Nagatsuka, C. Nakashima, N. Kitayama, Yoshio Ishida, Kenji Kabashima, Atsushi Otsuka","doi":"10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2773","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermal Nevus Syndrome (ENS) is a congenital disorder characterized by skin lesions called epidermal nevi. This condition typically appears at birth or in infancy. However, a case of adult‐onset epidermal nevi was reported in a 36‐year‐old male with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and skin abnormalities on the right side of his body. He had been using topical steroids for AD but eventually started dupilumab treatment at age 41. The treatment led to significant improvements in his skin condition, including a reduction in erythema and scaling. Laboratory tests also showed improvement in serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and other markers. We report with a literature review.","PeriodicalId":401129,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunotherapy","volume":"185 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}