Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses最新文献

{"title":"Myocarditis in a Patient on Clozapine: What did it?","authors":"Sahil Munjal,&nbsp;Stephen Ferrando","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.MUFE070816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MUFE070816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are presenting the case of a 37-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder who developed myocarditis within three weeks of starting on clozapine for his treatment-resistant psychosis. The patient also had a positive titer for Influenza A, which makes it a diagnostic dilemma regarding the cause of his myocarditis. It may be possible that the myocarditis was caused by the Influenza A virus or synergistically exacerbated the clozapine's propensity to cause it. Currently, there are no studies establishing the link between the two etiologies. As clozapine can be the only option for patients resistant to treatment of their psychiatric illness, and there being some evidence for successful rechallenge of clozapine, we consider that this patient could have benefited from a trial of a rechallenge; however, he was lost to follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 2","pages":"89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36340351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relapse Risk Assessment for Schizophrenia Patients (RASP): A New Self-Report Screening Tool.","authors":"Dawn Velligan,&nbsp;William Carpenter,&nbsp;Heidi C Waters,&nbsp;Nicole M Gerlanc,&nbsp;Susan N Legacy,&nbsp;Charles Ruetsch","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.DVWC.111717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.DVWC.111717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Relapse Assessment for Schizophrenia Patients (RASP) was developed as a six-question self-report screener that measures indicators of Increased Anxiety and Social Isolation to assess patient stability and predict imminent relapse. This paper describes the development and psychometric characteristics of the RASP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RASP and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were administered to patients with schizophrenia (n=166) three separate times. Chart data were collected on a subsample of patients (n=81). Psychometric analyses of RASP included tests of reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity of items. Factors from RASP were correlated with subscales from PANSS (sensitivity to change and criterion validity [agreement between RASP and evidence of relapse]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Test-retest reliability returned modest to strong agreement at the item level and strong agreement at the questionnaire level. RASP showed good item response curves and internal consistency for the total instrument and within each of the two subscales (Increased Anxiety and Social Isolation). RASP Total Score and subscales showed good concurrent validity when correlated with PANSS Total Score, Positive, Excitement, and Anxiety subscales. RASP correctly predicted relapse in 67% of cases, with good specificity and negative predictive power and acceptable positive predictive power and sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reliability and validity data presented support the use of RASP in settings where addition of a brief self-report assessment of relapse risk among patients with schizophrenia may be of benefit. Ease of use and scoring, and the ability to administer without clinical supervision allows for routine administration and assessment of relapse risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"11 4","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35630261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Genes in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Zachary D Hudson,&nbsp;Brian J Miller","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.HUMI.070516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.HUMI.070516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune system genes, including cytokines, are associated with schizophrenia risk. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes may also impact on blood levels of cytokines, which are altered in patients with schizophrenia. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies of cytokine and chemokine genes in schizophrenia that have not been considered in previous quantitative reviews.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified articles by systematic searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, and ISI, and the reference lists of identified studies. For each cytokine or chemokine polymorphism, we performed an allele- and genotype-wise meta-analysis, using a random effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one independent studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising polymorphisms for the IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, sIL6R, MCP1, and TGFB1 genes. For IL6, the A allele (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) and AA genotype (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.85) for the rs1800795 polymorphism, and for sIL6R, the A allele (OR=0.96 95%, CI 0.92-1.00) and AA genotype (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.94) the rs8192284 polymorphism were associated with significantly decreased schizophrenia risk. In the genotype-wise analysis for IL1B, homozygosity for either allele (AA: OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.60-2.27; and GG: OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.33-0.49) of the rs1143627 polymorphism was also significantly associated with schizophrenia risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between polymorphisms for the IL1B, IL6, and sIL6R genes and schizophrenia risk complement and extend previous findings regarding immune dysfunction in this disorder, including genome-wide association studies. Future studies of cytokine expression in schizophrenia should consider the effect of these polymorphisms. The finding of potential \"protective\" alleles may also be relevant for at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 3","pages":"121-129B"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34701265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Suicide-Related Ideations and Attempts in Patients with Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder.","authors":"Ravi Philip Rajkumar","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.RA.070415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.RA.070415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) is a brief, self-limiting psychiatric disorder commonly seen in developing countries. This condition is associated with an elevated risk of suicide, but data on this association are lacking in developing countries.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis ATPD as per ICD-10 criteria (n=29) were recruited over a period of six months (February-July 2014) and retrospectively assessed for suicide-related ideations and attempts and their correlates both during and in between episodes of their illness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 patients (55.17%) experienced suicide-related ideations, which occurred during a psychotic episode in 14 patients. Six patients (20.69%) made suicide attempts. A later age of onset was significantly associated with suicidality (p=0.04), as was a family history of depression or related (\"spectrum\") conditions (p<0.01). A relationship with higher educational status, reported in an earlier study, was not replicated in our sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicide-related ideation and suicide attempts are common in ATPD, and may be linked to a later onset and a genetic loading for depression-related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33941793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical News.","authors":"Peter F Buckley","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.6.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.6.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 2","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36339323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical News.","authors":"Peter F Buckley","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.BU.010518","DOIUrl":"10.3371/CSRP.BU.010518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"11 4","pages":"193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35743717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Toward Medications and the Relationship to Outcomes in Patients with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Angela H Campbell,&nbsp;Julieta F Scalo,&nbsp;M Lynn Crismon,&nbsp;Jamie C Barner,&nbsp;Tami R Argo,&nbsp;Kenneth A Lawson,&nbsp;Alexander Miller","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.CASC.070415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.CASC.070415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The determinants of attitudes toward medication (ATM) are not well elucidated. In particular, literature remains equivocal regarding the influence of cognition, adverse events, and psychiatric symptomatology. This study evaluated relationships between those outcomes in schizophrenia and ATM. This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP, n=307 with schizophrenia-related diagnoses), in outpatient clinics at baseline and every 3 months for ≥1 year (for cognition: 3rd and 9th month only). The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-30) measured ATM, and independent variables were: cognition (Trail Making Test [TMT], Verbal Fluency Test, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test), adverse events (Systematic Assessment for Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), psychiatric symptomatology (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS]), and medication adherence (Medication Compliance Scale). Analyses included binary logistic regression (cognition, psychiatric symptoms) and chi-square (adverse events, adherence) for baseline comparisons, and linear regression (cognition) or ANOVA (adverse events, adherence) for changes over time. Mean DAI-30 scores did not change over 12 months. Odds of positive ATM increased with higher TMT Part B scores (p=0.03) and lower SANS scores (p=0.02). Worsening of general psychopathology (p<0.001), positive symptoms (p<0.001), and negative symptoms (p=0.007) correlated with negative changes in DAI-30 scores. Relationships between cognition, negative symptoms, and ATM warrant further investigation. Studies evaluating therapies for cognitive deficits and negative symptoms should consider including ATM measures as endpoints. Patterns and inconsistencies in findings across studies raise questions about whether some factors thought to influence ATM have nonlinear relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 1","pages":"12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33941792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical News.","authors":"Peter F Buckley","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.BU.040518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.BU.040518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"12 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35987029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Schizophrenia Later Diagnosed with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Meghan A Conroy,&nbsp;Thomas Finch,&nbsp;Tomer T Levin,&nbsp;Alexander E Merkler,&nbsp;Joseph Safdieh,&nbsp;Susan Samuels,&nbsp;Janna S Gordon Elliott","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.MCTF.071317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MCTF.071317","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder caused by Ig G auto-Ab directed against the NR1 subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor (1). The binding of IgG antibodies induces a reversible internalization of the receptors (2). Decreased activity of NMDA receptors is known to be associated with both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (3). The early stages of the illness are characterized by psychiatric symptoms. As the illness progresses, neurologic symptoms emerge, and in the most severe stage of the illness, autonomic instability and respiratory collapse can occur. During the stage of the illness when psychiatric symptoms predominate in the presentation, anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be misattributed to a primary psychiatric disorder. Most of the literature thus far has described such misdiagnoses in patients with first-episode psychosis (4-6). There appear to be no documented cases of chronic schizophrenia that were definitely later reclassified as anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Here we report what we believe to be the first reported case of misdiagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis as chronic schizophrenia. Case Report Ms. A is a 25-year-old female with a history of schizophrenia diagnosed four years prior and multiple subsequent psychiatric hospitalizations, who was evaluated in our medical emergency department, transferred from an outside psychiatric inpatient unit, for investigation of altered mental status (AMS), unilateral facial stiffness, and cough. Psychiatry was consulted. She was noted to be disorganized and agitated and had unilateral facial twitching. Her medications included lithium, divalproex sodium, clozapine, and the long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone palmitate (last dose two weeks prior). An infectious workup was unremarkable. Intravenous lorazepam, given as empiric treatment for suspected catatonia, rendered no benefit. She was discharged back to the inpatient psychiatric facility. One week later she re-presented to this hospital with difficulty breathing and frothing at the mouth. She was noted to be conscious and awake, intermittently physically agitated, but nonverbal and not following commands or withdrawing from painful stimuli. Rhythmic orofacial grimacing was prominent with intermittent unilateral lead-pipe rigidity. She had autonomic instability with variable heart rate and blood pressures. Creatine kinase (CK) was initially elevated to 972 and peaked at 1,797. She was admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) with neurology and psychiatry consulting. The differential diagnosis included delirium, severe antipsychotic-mediated extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Supportive care and amantadine were started for suspected NMS. Lumbar puncture (LP) showed mild elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (13/uL), with 98% lymphocyte predominance and normal protein and glucose. In","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"11 4","pages":"201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35295574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Differs by Sex.","authors":"Julie Walsh-Messinger,&nbsp;Daniel Antonius,&nbsp;Mark Opler,&nbsp;Nicole Aujero,&nbsp;Deborah M Goetz,&nbsp;Raymond Goetz,&nbsp;Dolores Malaspina","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.WAAN.070415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.WAAN.070415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is widely used in clinical research, factor analytic studies of the scale have been inconsistent and questions remain about the underlying factor structure of schizophrenia symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the factor structure of the PANSS differs in men and women with schizophrenia. Principal components analysis (PCA) with equamax rotation was used to examine the factor structure of the PANSS separately in 124 males and 74 females with schizophrenia-related psychoses. In males, a four-factor structure was identified: 1) Negative, 2) Cognitive, 3) Positive, and 4) Hostility. In females, a four-factor structure also emerged: 1) Negative, 2) Cognitive, 3) Positive, and 4) Depression. The most notable difference between the male and female PCAs was the presence of a depression factor in the females and a hostility factor in males. These results support sex differences in the factor structure of schizophrenia symptoms, which has important implications for clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":"11 4","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33875806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}