Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses最新文献

{"title":"Dysexecutive Behavior in First-Episode Schizophrenia.","authors":"Gricel Orellana,&nbsp;Andrea Slachevsky,&nbsp;Fernando Henriquez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function (EF) deficits and dysexecutive behavior (DB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 22 FES patients (aged 17-29 years, history of single episode of schizophrenia, treated with atypical antipsychotics) and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and education. EF was evaluated using the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET), Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). DB was evaluated using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (BDSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FES patients had marked dysexecutive behaviors and executive function impairments as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that executive function scores on standardized neuropsychological tests may be ecologically valid predictors of dysexecutive behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DB is common during first-episode schizophrenia and may be a primary impairment throughout disease progression. The present results inform clinical practice by providing insight into first-episode schizophrenia specific features of dysexecutive behavior. Understanding the associations between executive function tests and dysexecutive behaviors helps to explain the social adjustment disorders associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge may be used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic tools; for example, clarifying the implications of specific DEX and BDSI dimensions could increase the efficacy of individual or familial psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/91/nihms-1841333.PMC10129061.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysexecutive Behavior in First-Episode Schizophrenia","authors":"G. Orellana, A. Slachevsky, F. Henriquez","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-603257/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-603257/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function (EF) deficits and dysexecutive behavior (DB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and healthy participants. Methods: We evaluated 22 FES patients (aged 17–29 years, history of single episode of schizophrenia, treated with atypical antipsychotics) and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and education. EF was evaluated using the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET), Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). DB was evaluated using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (BDSI). Results: FES patients had marked dysexecutive behaviors and executive function impairments as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that executive function scores on standardized neuropsychological tests may be ecologically valid predictors of dysexecutive behavior. Conclusion: DB is common during first-episode schizophrenia and may be a primary impairment throughout disease progression. The present results inform clinical practice by providing insight into first-episode schizophrenia specific features of dysexecutive behavior. Understanding the associations between executive function tests and dysexecutive behaviors helps to explain the social adjustment disorders associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge may be used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic tools; for example, clarifying the implications of specific DEX and BDSI dimensions could increase the efficacy of individual or familial psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation interventions.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74685846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Susceptibility Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis","authors":"A. Mahale, M. Shekar, S. Ullal, Merwyn Fern, es, S. Prabhu, Keerthiraj Bele","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.LGMM.082121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.LGMM.082121","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The role of susceptibilities in a magnetic field can be used for imaging a diverse group of disease patterns in the human body. The objective of this study is to utilize these properties in the spectrum of neurological diseases. Materials and methods: This is a prospective and retrospective study conducted in the department of radio diagnosis, KMC Hospital, Ambedkar Circle in Mangalore. Over a period of 3 years, utilizing 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging machine on subjects who had come for routine neurological consultation with clinical indications for imaging. 129 patients of any age group with suspected haemorrhage, infarct, trauma, seizures, intracranial infections, intracranial venous thrombosis and vascular malformations were studied. Results: A total of 129 subjects were studied-40 cases of acute stroke,40 cases of haemorrhage, 8 cases with suspected micro haemorrhages, 15 cases of venous thrombosis, 11 cases of calcifications and 14 cases of contrast enhancement manifesting on SWI imaging in the form of varied susceptibilities to clinch the diagnosis and enable appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Susceptibility weighted imaging is an effective and useful diagnostic tool in magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis for a variety of neurological conditions.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87027735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grading meningiomas by used imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"V. Changizi, M. J. Kadhum, H. J. Taher, H. Najim, H. A. Saroush","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.CVKM.081221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.CVKM.081221","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meningioma's are by far the most frequent primary tumors occurring inside the cranium. Prognostic wise, the problem with grade II and grade III neoplasms is the high recurrence rate following surgical resection. Surgical goal is to offer complete resection of the tumor to avoid future recurrence;however, such complete resection is limited by a number of factors such as the tumor location with the central nervous system, invasion of underlying vital brain tissue, involvement of cranial nerves and invasion of dural sinuses. Therefore, pre-operative imaging assessment of meningioma is necessary and the ability to grade these tumors on sole imaging background is an essential step in order to select the optimum surgical and or radiation based therapy. Aim of the study: In the current systemic review we collected information about radiological features detected by MRI techniques and analyzed these futures statically with respect to accuracy, sensitivity and specificity aiming at providing an MRI criteria predicting atypical grade II and III meningiomas prior to surgical intervention. Materials and methods: The current systematic review was based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The primary objective of the current review was to evaluate the currently published data on the potential role of the technique such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) for the assessment of meningioma grade. The principal research questions were: 1.What is the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain?. 2. What is the specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain?. Results: We found that peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface are all associated with significant prediction potential with respect to meningioma grade (p<0.05). On the other hand, capsular enhancement, T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging and tumor location are all insignificant predictors of high grade tumor (p>0.05). Highest sensitivity was seen in association with peritumoral edema (73.0 %). Highest specific level was seen in association with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) (90.4 %). Tumor necrosis was associated with highest PPV (61.9 %). Highest negative predictive value was seen in association with shape of tumor margin (85.7 %) and highest level of accuracy was observed in association with tumor brain interface (78.2 %). Conclusion: A number of imaging characteristics in MRI can predict the grade of meningioma prior to surgical intervention including peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface and the presence of any combination of these characteristics will make the decision even more precise. Cop","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69671284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Serum Levels of Ferritin and D-Dimer with Liver Function Tests in Patients with COVID-19","authors":"Wisam Abdulameer Noman, H. Ali, Ahmed B. Mahdi, R. Zabibah, R. Ali","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.NWAH.072821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.NWAH.072821","url":null,"abstract":"Background: SARS-Cov-2, the culprit responsible for the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to worldwide public health. At the moment, it is estimated that the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected It has infected a huge number of people worldwide and is responsible for the clinical syndrome of coronavirus sickness 2019 (COVID-19). Although the primary clinical manifestation is pulmonary disease, mounting evidence supports the involvement of multiple organ systems, including the Gastro Intestinal (GI) tract and liver. To evaluate the potential changes in liver function tests, and their association with illness severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: This case-control study of 90 subjects were included, 60 patients admitted to Merjan Hospital, Babel, Iraq infected with COVID-19 and 30 samples of healthy subjects as a control group. The serum levels of ALT, AST, Alp, and albumin were measured by colorimetric methods. Serum ferritin and d-dimer were measured by ichroma, and CBC conducting a statistical analysis and associated with the severity of disease. Results: In this study, the results demonstrated a significant increase in levels of ALT, AST, ALP, ferritinin, and D-dimer in patients compared with the healthy group. Levels of serum ferritin have a significant positive correlation with D-dimer, ALP, AST, ALT, and NLR levels. While, it has a significant negative correlated with serum albumin in patients with corona virus group. The neutrophil percentage significantly higher than normal. While, the lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower in patients with elevated ferritin and d-dimer levels than the healthy group. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver function testes are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and associated with illness severity and rate of death as a higher incidence of severity illness and liver injury in patients with increased levels of serum ferritin, and D-dimer. © 2021 Norman WA, et al.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69671355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine Associated Stress Cardiomyopathy in Resistant Schizophrenia","authors":"A. Alharthy, S. Alqahtani, D. Karakitsos","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.AAAS.092120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.AAAS.092120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clozapine associated severe cardiovascular complications were previously reported but are rare. \u0000Methods: We report for the first time, to our knowledge, the case of an otherwise healthy 31-year-old male with resistant schizophrenia who underwent therapy \u0000 with clozapine and developed stress cardiomyopathy, during the second week of therapy, which was documented by echocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory \u0000data. Three days post-cessation of clozapine and following cardio-selective beta-blocker administration, recovery of the cardiac function was evident. \u0000Conclusion: We outline the application of a bundle of measures to facilitate earlier diagnosis of clozapine associated cardiac complications, prompt cessation of \u0000 treatment and reduction of troublesome heart failure therapies, leaving thus an option for a putative safe re-challenge, under strict clinical monitoring, in patients \u0000with resistant schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84310236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using passive sensing data and mobile health to improve psychological treatment for depressed adolescent mothers in rural nepal","authors":"Celia Islam, Anubhuti Poudyal, Ashley K. Hagaman, S. Maharjan, Prabin Byanjankar, Ada Thapa, A. Heerden, Br, on A Kohrt","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.ICPA.092520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.ICPA.092520","url":null,"abstract":"In Nepal, postpartum depression affects 1 out of 10 women, and suicide is the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Passive sensing technology is a way to collect data on the behaviors and activities of depressed mothers in order to better tailor psychological treatment and improve outcomes for postpartum depression. This study investigated (a) the feasibility and acceptability of wearable digital sensors with adolescent mothers and their families in rural Nepal and (b) the feasibility and utility of implementing this data into a phone based application used by non-specialists to provide personalized psychological treatment. This study used a mobile phone and Bluetooth device to generate passive sensing data on aspects of a mother’s life, such as amount of time spent with and away from the baby, movements and activities both inside and outside of the house, social interactions experienced, and physical activity. We then interviewed both depressed and non-depressed adolescent mothers who used these wearable digital devices and analyzed the ethicality, safety, social acceptability, utility, and feasibility of these technologies. This data was then used to develop Stand Strong, a platform that collects passive sensing data to implement personalized depression treatment. Our results showed that both depressed and non-depressed mothers found it acceptable and feasible to collect passive sensing data. Depressed and non-depressed mothers expressed utility in having knowledge of their own movements and activities, as well as having information about their proximity to and interactions with their child. The non-specialized community counselors expressed utility in using the data collected from the wearable digital sensors to encourage behavioral changes during sessions and also to track the progress of patients between sessions. Barriers to using wearable digital devices included difficulty carrying the phone around throughout the day, privacy concerns, fear of loss or damage to the device, and concern about possible adverse health effects of the device. In summary, it is feasible and acceptable to use passive sensing data to tailor psychological treatment for depressed adolescent mothers in low-resource settings. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of mobile health technology in improving treatment and outcomes for postpartum depression in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79981219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Something wasn't quite right': a novel phenomenological analysis of internet discussion posts detailing initial awareness of psychosis.","authors":"Amanda Spikol, Jamie Murphy","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.SPJM.032819","DOIUrl":"10.3371/CSRP.SPJM.032819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A significant number of psychosis studies have focussed on and have attempted to model and frame the earliest psychosis experiences. Using a wide array of methodologies and targeting a variety of 'at risk' groups, researchers have offered much to inform our treatment responses, and understanding of psychosis onset and development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Due to the nature of scientific investigation however and investigator led exploration, those who experience psychosis are rarely afforded ultimate free rein to dictate and direct the exchange of information or to impose their unique narrative on that which is being explored. In an attempt to address this, the current study opportunistically harvested rich self-report data from replies to the question, \"People that have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, what was the first time you noticed something wasn't quite right?\" on the internet discussion forum Reddit.com.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>User data was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to identify key themes in participants' first experiences and initial awareness of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While respondents varied widely in their recounted experiences and chose to describe these experiences in a variety of ways, analysis showed that (i) respondent distress was associated with psychosis onset timeframe, negative-voice auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and insight (ii) early childhood psychosis experience resulted in novel explanatory schemas and psychosis/distress progression with contributory factors in adolescence and (iii) 41.3% of the sample reported self-realisation in gaining insight and greater insight was associated with help-seeking behaviour.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel use of publicly shared experiential data might enrich our existing qualitative literature concerning early psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37114844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Phenomena in Rorschach Protocols in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Marcello de Abreu Faria, Euthymia Brandão de Almeida Prado, Vaneila Ferreira Martins, Wânia Cristina de Souza, Vania Moraes Ferreira","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.MREP.032619","DOIUrl":"10.3371/CSRP.MREP.032619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Rorschach method has been proved as an effective tool for personality dynamics assessment, as well as for identify psychopathological patterns, especially with regard to the dissociation of consciousness, which makes it relevant in the context of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of the so-called special phenomena in Rorschach protocols in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of ten patients previously diagnosed with ICD-10 F20 who were hospitalised in the Federal District, Brazil, in the Centre for Living and Psychosocial Care (Life Mansion). The participants were chosen in the free choice form by the lead researcher. All were under regular psychiatric care and used medication continuously to treat the illness. Data were analysed according to the interpretative principles of Bruno Klopfer's theoretical and clinical approach. It was found eight fixed special phenomena in the schizophrenic patients' responses to Rorschach tests. All patients responses showed the following special phenomena: confabulation; contamination; named colour; self-referential ideation; referential ideation; looking at the back of the card; perseveration and position response. Normal patients did not present high frequency and intensity of special phenomena in their respective protocols. Taken together, this clinical study supports the conclusion that the Rorschach technique is an important tool for the evaluation of schizophrenic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37112832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and Managing Treatment Adherence in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Alexander Dufort, R. Zipursky","doi":"10.3371/CSRP.ADRZ.121218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.ADRZ.121218","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating and costly illness. The course of illness is often exacerbated by relapses which are associated with negative outcomes including rehospitalisation. The most important risk factor associated with relapse is medication nonadherence. Medication nonadherence is not specific to schizophrenia and is an issue across all of medicine. The objective of this paper is to present a narrative review which synthesizes the rates and predictors of medication nonadherence, as well as associated interventions, across schizophrenia, first episode psychosis and general medicine. Given the breadth of these topics, this paper does not aim to present a complete review of the data but rather a concise synthesis of several lines of research in order to provide a general framework for approaching this important topic. Overall, this paper identifies that rates and risk factors of nonadherence in schizophrenia are similar to those reported in general medicine. Rates of adherence are estimated at 50% for both. Predictors of nonadherence were also quite similar between various illnesses, with lack of insight, poor family support and substance abuse often being highlighted. Well studied approaches of improving adherence include simplifying medication regimens, psychoeducation, engaging family support and use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Emerging interventions included text-message reminders, financial incentives and MyCite technology. Additionally, several evidence based interventions were identified in general medicine that may have applicability in schizophrenia and first episode psychosis. Lastly, avenues of future research were identified including the need to further characterize the dichotomy between adherence, partial adherence and nonadherence.","PeriodicalId":40019,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74669685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}