Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics最新文献_第6页

Towards (more) integrity in academia, encouraging long-term knowledge creation and academic freedom 在学术界(更)诚信，鼓励长期的知识创造和学术自由

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2016-03-31 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00156

Kleio Akrivou

{"title":"Towards (more) integrity in academia, encouraging long-term knowledge creation and academic freedom","authors":"Kleio Akrivou","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00156","url":null,"abstract":"European researchers across heterogeneous disciplines voice concerns and argue for new paths towards a brighter future regarding scientific and knowledge creation and communi- cation. Recently, in biological and natural sciences concerns have been expressed that major threats are intentionally ignored. These threats are challenging Europe's future sustainability towards creating knowledge that effectively deals with emerging social, environmental, health, and economic problems of a planetary scope. Within social science circles, however, the root cause regarding the above challenges has been linked with macro-level forces of neo-liberal ways of valuing and relevant rules in academia and beyond which we take for granted. These concerns raised by heterogeneous scholars in natural and the applied social sciences concern the ethics of today's research and academic integrity. Applying Bourdieu's sociology, there is little hope that intentional human agency may change the current habitus. Rather than attributing the replication of neo-liberal habitus in intentional agent and institutional choices, Bourdieu's work raises the importance of thoughtlessly internalised habits in human and social action. Accordingly, most action within a given paradigm (in this case, neo-liberalism) is understood as habituated, i.e. unconsciously reproducing external social fields, even ill-defined ways of valuing. This essay analyses these and how they may help critically analyse the current habitus surrounding research and knowledge production, evaluation, and communication and related aspects of academic free- dom. Although it is acknowledged that transformation is not easy, this essay presents arguments and recent theory paths to suggest that change nevertheless may be a realistic hope once certain action logics are encouraged.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"15 1","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is sustainable development of scientific systems possible in the neo-liberal agenda? 在新自由主义议程中，科学体系的可持续发展是否可能?

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2016-02-16 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00165

V. Moskovkin, O. Serkina

引用次数: 4

Rethinking academic freedom 重新思考学术自由

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2016-02-05 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00167

Francesca Minerva

引用次数: 4

Unfurling western notions of nature and Amerindian alternatives 展开西方的自然观念和美洲印第安人的替代品

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00159

E. Zent

引用次数: 5

Homo sapiens: cancer or parasite? 智人:癌症还是寄生虫?

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00152

D. Pauly

引用次数: 6

Reconciling utilitarian and non-utilitarian approaches to biodiversity conservation 调和生物多样性保护的功利和非功利方法

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00149

M. Loreau

{"title":"Reconciling utilitarian and non-utilitarian approaches to biodiversity conservation","authors":"M. Loreau","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00149","url":null,"abstract":"Two broad types of approaches have been used in biodiversity conservation: (1) non- utilitarian approaches, which put the emphasis on the aesthetic, emotional, spiritual, and ethical values of nature, and (2) utilitarian approaches, which put the emphasis on species and ecosys- tems as resources or service suppliers for humans. Here, I argue that the long-standing divide between utilitarian and non-utilitarian perspectives is a reflection of the separation between humankind and nature that lies at the root of the global ecological crisis. Neither perspective chal- lenges this separation fundamentally; therefore; neither alone offers a solid foundation for biodi- versity conservation. Resolving the current ecological crisis requires, first and foremost, reconcil- ing humans with their own nature, which in turn requires refocusing both human development and nature conservation on fundamental human needs. Contrary to a widely held idea, funda- mental human needs do not involve a purely utilitarian or anthropocentric worldview. Quite the opposite, they provide powerful non-utilitarian arguments for nature conservation, and they are fully compatible with the recognition or attribution of intrinsic values in the human and non- human world. Human nature is neither fundamentally selfish and utilitarian, nor fundamentally altruistic and non-utilitarian; humans simply have a set of fundamental needs that require satis- faction, and these needs include respecting and loving the world around them.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Biodiversity, microbes and human well-being 生物多样性、微生物和人类福祉

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00150

I. Hanski

引用次数: 14

The ethics of human impacts and the future of the earth’s ecosystems: Introduction 人类影响的伦理与地球生态系统的未来:导论

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00154

D. Pauly, K. Stergiou

引用次数: 5

Human impact: the ethics of I=PAT 人类影响:I=PAT的伦理

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00151

P. Ehrlich

引用次数: 13

On the planetary capacity to sustain human populations 关于地球维持人口的能力

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00153

C. Reynolds

{"title":"On the planetary capacity to sustain human populations","authors":"C. Reynolds","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00153","url":null,"abstract":"This essay investigates the limiting capacity of the planet to support humans, making various assumptions about current practices and the intensities of per caput resource consumption. Supposing people to be exclusively vegetarian, consuming cereals produced by present methods, at the highest reported yields, and also eschewing the cultivation of non-edible crops, the Earth is argued to be capable of sustaining a population up to 55 billion. Consuming mixed diets including meat and beverages while continuing to raise non-food crops reduces the capacity by 7- to 10-fold, closer to the actual population at the present time. When the availability and distribution of exploitable water supplies are considered, it is difficult to argue for a sustainable population much exceeding 10 billion, without considerable changes in the equity of supply. All such extrapolations are subject to unknown consequences of rapid and chaotic climate change. The possibility that the rate of human population growth may be stabilising for other reasons, with numbers perhaps peaking at 10 to 11 billion, may yet allow increasingly widespread and severe water shortages to be avoided. This coincidence offers the opportunity to improve human sustainability through new social structures and new, cleaner, more resource-efficient technologies. They need to be directed towards solving inequities in resource use—not only of food and energy, but especially also of water. Though ultimately speculative and polemical, the essay is a genuine attempt to promote the case for recognising our real problems and the need to evolve strategies for survival.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3354/ESEP00153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3