{"title":"Carbon-Negative Production of Soda Ash: Process Development and Feasibility Evaluation","authors":"Maria F. Gutierrez, Heike Lorenz, Peter Schulze","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00483","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to produce carbon-negative soda ash, chlor-alkali electrolysis, CO<sub>2</sub> direct air capture, and sodium carbonate crystallization are combined in a so-called CODA process. In this study, four variants of the CODA process are developed and evaluated by means of modeling and simulation. Variations of the process design are related with the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption technology, the crystallization strategy, and the possible byproducts of the process. The processes using a cross-flow packed absorber had a smaller CAPEX (between 195 and 209 USD/ton soda) than the process using a droplet absorber (337 USD/ton soda). When coupled with the cross-flow packed absorber, the two-step crystallization strategy had a smaller OPEX (150 USD/ton soda) than the one-step crystallization (175 USD/ton soda). The revenue of selling the process byproducts such as hydrogen, chlorine, and CO<sub>2</sub> certificates was key to the profitability of the CODA process. The most promising CODA variant (cross-flow packed absorber and two-step crystallization) consumes about 0.15 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> from the air and earned nearly 200 USD/ton soda ash, making CODA an attractive alternative that deserves to be scaled-up.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nesquehonite Precipitation Kinetics in an MSMPR Crystallizer of the MgO–CO2–H2O System Issued from Activated Serpentine Carbonation","authors":"Sirine Guermech, Ilies Tebbiche, Lan-Huong Tran, Julien Mocellin, Guy Mercier, Louis-César Pasquier","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00707","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, continuous nesquehonite precipitation was investigated. The context of this study is indirect aqueous carbonation. The precipitation was operated in a mixed suspension-mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer. The investigated temperature was 40 °C, but the study also covered 50, 60, and 65 °C for comparison purposes. In a continuous mode, the nesquehonite grains obtained are a perfect spherical assemblage of needles instead of the individual needles usually obtained in batch mode. During precipitations in the MSMPR crystallizer, growth dispersion was noticed when supersaturation values were greater than 20. Growth dispersion is attributed to the high density of dislocation screw sites induced by high supersaturation. Meanwhile, for the idealized MSMPR tests, the linear growth rate varied from 1.11 × 10<sup>–8</sup> to 2.22 × 10<sup>–7</sup> m·s<sup>–1</sup>. Volumetric growth rates varied from 5.13 × 10<sup>–17</sup> to 2.63 × 10<sup>–15</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>. Primary nucleation varied from 8.06 × 10<sup>04</sup> and 7.02 × 10<sup>05</sup> number·m<sup>–3</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>. Finally, the agglomeration kernel varied from 3.38 × 10<sup>–11</sup> to 6.94 × 10<sup>–8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·number<sup>–1</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>. The growth of the crystals is a limited transport growth. It is also found that agglomeration suppresses primary nucleation. In addition, agglomeration is negatively affected by high solid density due to attrition.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Zhang, Chaoxian Wang, Jieru Wang, Yongqiang Feng, Wanting Su, Fang Li, Kai Yao, Jingying Li, Le Wu, Chengyi Dai, Binran Zhao
{"title":"Methanol Aromatization for the Co-Production of Para-Xylene and Light Olefins: Process Simulation and Evaluation","authors":"Jun Zhang, Chaoxian Wang, Jieru Wang, Yongqiang Feng, Wanting Su, Fang Li, Kai Yao, Jingying Li, Le Wu, Chengyi Dai, Binran Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04989","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol conversion contributes to the development of Methanol Economics and serves as a route to solve the problem of methanol overcapacity, as well as a means to alleviate the dependence of chemicals on petroleum resources. This work designs the process of methanol aromatization for the coproduction of para-xylene and light olefins. Dividing-wall column and crystallization technology are adopted during aromatics separation and para-xylene recovery from mixed xylenes, while heat pump distillation is used for the para-xylene enrichment of the uncrystallized xylenes. The light olefins in the product are refined with the widely used Lummus technology in industries. Based on this process, energy consumption, economic, and environmental analyses are systematically conducted. The use of dividing-wall columns and heat pump distillation can effectively reduce energy consumption by approximately 14.27%. Techno-economic evaluation finds that the introduction of energy-saving technology exhibits favorable economic attractiveness, and the project remains profitable as long as the methanol price is less than 383.41 $/ton and the product price of para-xylene is not less than 898.70 $/ton. Furthermore, the use of dividing-wall columns and heat pump distillation can lower the global warming potential by 0.1225 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/ton. Overall, this work provides a foundation for the research and process design of methanol aromatization.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regeneration of Degraded LiCoO2 from Spent Batteries: Efficient Acid Leaching and Structure Modification for Enhanced Energy Storage","authors":"Lanqi Ma, Qiushi Song, Yagang Yang, Hongwei Xie, Zhiqiang Ning, Kai Yu","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00901","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical performance of regenerated LiCoO<sub>2</sub> is important for its utilization. Herein, the structure of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> was controlled during its regeneration from spent lithium-ion batteries. The mechanism for adjusting the structure of regenerated LiCoO<sub>2</sub> is investigated. The relationship between LiCoO<sub>2</sub> and its electrochemical performance is discussed. The dissolving capacity of Co<sup>2+</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup> ions and the final pH of the leachate are considered during the leaching process. The (111) plane of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is accelerated by precipitating Co<sup>2+</sup> ions with NaOH and calcining the precipitate at a low temperature (400–500 °C). It is beneficial for developing the (001) plane of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> and improves its electrochemical performance. The optimized LiCoO<sub>2</sub> achieves an initial capacity of 153.4 mA h·g<sup>–1</sup> at 0.5 C with 89.0% capacity retention after 150 cycles. The concentrations of Li<sup>+</sup>/Co<sup>2+</sup> ions reach 6.6/54.8 g·L<sup>–1</sup>, and the final pH is 2.18. This work provides an effective strategy to prepare regenerated LiCoO<sub>2</sub> with a high performance.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaohui Lu, Han Zhang, Zhao Lu, Hongbin Tian, Yuan Wang, Shengtai Zhou, Huawei Zou
{"title":"Achieving Improved Ablative Performance by Enhancing the Interfacial Interaction between Silicone Rubber and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements","authors":"Zhaohui Lu, Han Zhang, Zhao Lu, Hongbin Tian, Yuan Wang, Shengtai Zhou, Huawei Zou","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01021","url":null,"abstract":"In the aerospace and fire protection sectors, silicone rubber composites exhibit large deformability and outstanding thermal protection performance. However, the interface between silicone rubber and carbon fiber is easily destroyed under external tensile deformation, thereby leading to the formation of cracks that deteriorate thermal insulation and ablative performance. This study introduces an interfacial strengthening strategy that deposits a silica layer onto carbon fibers via polydopamine-assisted modification and modifies the silicone rubber matrix with epoxy resin, achieving an 11.86-fold enhancement in terms of interfacial shearing strength. The optimized interface between short-cut carbon fiber and vinyl silicone rubber matrix significantly reduces the mass ablative rate by 13% and lowers the back-face temperature by 54.7 °C during oxyacetylene ablation tests under 10% tensile strain. This work provides a strategy to simultaneously improve the ablative and mechanical properties of flexible thermal protection materials that have promising applications in industrial sectors.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahsa Golmohammadi, Yasaman Boroumand, Faezeh Arshadi, Mohsen Asadnia, Amir Razmjou
{"title":"Nanochannel Membranes in Direct Lithium Extraction: A Comprehensive Review on Lithium Market Analysis and Membrane Technology Development","authors":"Mahsa Golmohammadi, Yasaman Boroumand, Faezeh Arshadi, Mohsen Asadnia, Amir Razmjou","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03046","url":null,"abstract":"The global transition to electric vehicles has significantly increased lithium demand, driving the need for more efficient and sustainable extraction methods. This review presents a technoeconomic analysis of the lithium market, Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) implementation costs, and current trends. It critically examines membrane-based DLE technologies, focusing on nanochannel membranes that enable selective ion transport through precisely engineered molecular-scale channels. A comprehensive evaluation of membrane applications throughout the DLE process, from pretreatment to the core selective extraction and post-treatment, is provided. The review also explores how nanochannel morphology, size, and surface properties influence lithium selectivity. Moreover, the critical relationships between selectivity and permeability have been highlighted. Key technical challenges, including operational stability and scalability from laboratory research to industrial applications, are discussed. Overall, this analysis underscores the potential of membrane-based DLE to establish a sustainable and economically viable lithium supply chain that is essential for the clean energy transition.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu-Fan Li, Tong-Tong Liu, Lang-Jie Ye, Jian Su, Gen Zhang
{"title":"Topology-Regulated Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Removal of Perfluorinated Pollutants","authors":"Shu-Fan Li, Tong-Tong Liu, Lang-Jie Ye, Jian Su, Gen Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00232","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of metal–organic framework (MOF) structures for the enhanced removal of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances remains a significant challenge. Herein, employing a topology regulation strategy, we synthesized two Zr-MOFs composed of identical inorganic and organic components and investigated their removal efficiency with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The resultant Zr-MOF-1, characterized by the <i>sqc</i> topology, demonstrated an absorption capacity for PFOA nearly five times greater than that of Zr-MOF-2, which featured the <i>scu</i> topology. The adsorption capacity of Zr-MOF-1 for PFOA reached 335.4 mg/g, attributed to a synergistic mechanism encompassing both chemical and physical absorption. This study illuminates the precise regulation of the absorption performance by structural frameworks.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional Liquid Metal Flexible Bridging MWCNT/PDMS for Thermal Management: Balanced High Thermal Conductivity and Conformability","authors":"Xiaoyao Zhou, Danyang Cao, Yongguang Yu, Qilong Zhou, Lisong Dong, Jiahua Zhu, Liwen Mu","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01269","url":null,"abstract":"Balancing the relationship between thermal conductivity and conformability is crucial to overcoming the limitations of high-performance thermal interface materials. In this work, we design a filler soft bridge structure for interface modification, where liquid metal (LM) bridges polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to simultaneously enhance both thermal conductivity and conformability. By optimizing the interfacial interactions, the LM volume fraction of up to 80% can be achieved while ensuring the fluidity of the thermally conductive silicone grease. Compared to thermally conductive silicone grease without interfacial construction, the thermal conductivity is increased by 40%, reaching 10.412 W·m<sup>–1</sup>·K<sup>–1</sup>. Moreover, the prepared LM thermally conductive silicone grease demonstrates excellent conformability (spreadability and adhesion), providing a safe, reliable, and effective solution for heat dissipation in electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Gil-Londoño, Klaus Krambrock, Victor Magno Paiva, Marco Cremona, Arthur R. J. Barreto, Eliane D’Elia, Bojan A. Marinkovic
{"title":"Uncovering Photocatalytic Mechanisms of Al2W3O12: From a Low-Positive Thermal Expansion Ceramic to an Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst","authors":"Jessica Gil-Londoño, Klaus Krambrock, Victor Magno Paiva, Marco Cremona, Arthur R. J. Barreto, Eliane D’Elia, Bojan A. Marinkovic","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01399","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-performance visible-light photocatalysts is crucial for advancing environmental remediation technologies. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the successful application of oxygen-deficient Al<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> nanopowders, valued for their low-positive thermal expansion, as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts. Synthesized through controlled thermal treatments, these materials were tested for photocatalytic activity by degrading tetracycline (TC) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under visible-light radiation. Comprehensive mechanistic studies, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping, electrochemical analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging experiments, provide the first insights into the photocatalytic mechanisms of Al<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, revealing that oxygen vacancies play a pivotal role by extending visible-light absorption, improving charge carrier separation and migration, and boosting ROS generation. Notably, electronic holes and hydroxyl radicals were identified as the dominant ROS in pollutant degradation. These findings expand the functional scope of Al<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> in photocatalysis and establish a new approach for optimizing other tungstate-based materials, offering significant potential for environmental remediation and sustainable energy applications.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Fang, Zhouxian Wang, Jingxu Han, Ning Zhou, Tonghao Dai, Zhifeng Dai, Yubing Xiong
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts Used for the Chemical Fixation of a Low Concentration of CO2","authors":"Can Fang, Zhouxian Wang, Jingxu Han, Ning Zhou, Tonghao Dai, Zhifeng Dai, Yubing Xiong","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00820","url":null,"abstract":"Mounting concerns over climate change driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have intensified demands for technologies that enable efficient conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals. We report a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst ZnBr<sub>2</sub>@PIL-VIm-Bpy, engineered through in situ metal coordination and radical polymerization, to co-anchor Lewis acidic ZnBr<sub>2</sub>-bipyridine complexes and nucleophilic imidazolium species within a porous ionic polymer matrix. Multimodal characterization (including solid-state NMR, XPS, FT-IR, etc.) verified the successful heterogenization of dual active sites in ZnBr<sub>2</sub>@PIL-VIm-Bpy. The obtained material exhibits excellent catalytic activity in CO<sub>2</sub> cycloaddition reactions, and the conversion can reach 98.0% with a selectivity of 99.0% within 48 h at relatively mild conditions, comparable with those of homogeneous ionic liquids of VIm-Bpy and a binary catalytic system of ZnBr<sub>2</sub>+VIm-Bpy. The catalyst ZnBr<sub>2</sub>@PIL-VIm-Bpy can be easily separated from the product and can be reused at least 5 times without significant loss of catalytic activity, demonstrating excellent reusability and robustness. Especially, when the catalyst is applied to industrial flue gas conditions with low concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub>, a conversion of 85.5% can still be achieved in 96 h, which even surpasses the homogeneous catalysts of VIm-Bpy and ZnBr<sub>2</sub>+VIm-Bpy, confirming its outstanding catalytic performance in the elimination of low concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub>. This work establishes a heterogenization strategy combining enzymatic-like cooperativity with heterogeneous catalysts’ practicality, demonstrating particular promise for point-source carbon capture–utilization integration.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}