Nursing for Women''s Health最新文献

{"title":"A Nurse-Led Digital Newsletter for Prenatal Education: Patients' and Obstetricians' Perspectives.","authors":"María Caballero-Galilea, Juan Carlos Fernández-Gonzalo, Isabel Font-Jiménez, José Miguel Mansilla-Domínguez, Esther Martínez-Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore pregnant women's and obstetricians' experiences with a nurse-led digital newsletter and its perceived value as a complement to routine prenatal care.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive qualitative study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary hospital in the Madrid region of Spain.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seventeen pregnant women enrolled in the digital newsletter program, with nine obstetricians providing prenatal care at the participating hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted using criterion-based purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main themes emerged: Accessing trustworthy and timely information, Preparing for routine prenatal visits and shared understanding, and Perceived continuity ofsupport and added value to the prenatal care experience. Women described the week-by-week evidence-based information as helping them feel better informed and less uncertain throughout pregnancy. Obstetricians perceived that the newsletter helped address predictable informational needs and supported women in attending routine prenatal visits better prepared and with more focused questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A nurse-led digital prenatal newsletter was perceived as a valuable complement to routine prenatal care, supporting women's sense of preparation and continuity throughout pregnancy. These findings suggest that nurse-led digital education may support women's experience of care, although they do not establish clinical effectiveness or organizational impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Doula for Advanced Cardiac Life Support Class.","authors":"Melanie Chichester","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nurse reflects on the doula-like support they provided to a colleague during advanced cardiac life support recertification.</p>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Reference Serum Lactate Levels at 6 Hours Postpartum in Healthy Individuals: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Laura Senn, Beth Stephens-Hennessy, Lori Olvera","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate early postpartum (6-hr) lactate levels for both vaginal and cesarean births. Secondarily, to correlate the length of both stages of labor, active and second stage, with postpartum lactate levels for people with a vaginal birth.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Urban, level 3, nonacademic medical center with more than 5,000 births per year.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Convenience sample of 50 healthy, uninfected full-term peripartum individuals who had no pregnancy complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cohorts were observed at two time periods. Participants in Cohort A were scheduled for an induction of labor and Cohort B for cesarean birth. Venous lactate levels were collected on admission (baseline) and at 6 hr postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean early postpartum (6-hr) lactate level for all participants was 1.3 mmol/L (SD = 0.38 mmol/L). Forty-four of 48 retained individuals (92%) had mean lactate levels of 2 mmol/L or less at 6 hr postpartum. Four outliers (false positives) were observed, two in each cohort. For Cohort A, the length of active labor accounted for only 4% of the variance in postpartum lactate levels, and the length of the second stage of labor accounted for 22% of the variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lactate level in early postpartum is often elevated above prelabor reference ranges. Clinicians could benefit from knowing when postpartum lactate is minimally influenced by childbirth. This evidence supports that the physiologic effects of labor are minimal at 6 hr postpartum, thus clinically useful. Current obstetric sepsis guidelines encourage early postpartum lactate levels to be collected on patients who screen positive for a serious infection and to reevaluate every 3 to 4 hr until vital signs and lactate level are normal. Lactate can be used to measure the severity of infection/sepsis and to trend the success of treatment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misoprostol in Spontaneous Abortion: Why Nurses Must Lead the Conversation.","authors":"Dianna Grace Riquelme-Tesalona","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pharmacologic management of spontaneous abortion with misoprostol is a clinically essential, evidence-based intervention. However, the conflation of \"spontaneous abortion\" and \"medically induced abortion\" in political discourse, lay media, and emerging legislation threatens access to this medication for persons experiencing pregnancy loss. Failure to correct this conflation risks regulatory and prescribing barriers that could result in serious maternal harm, including retained products of conception leading to hemorrhage and sepsis. Nurses, positioned at the front line of reproductive and perinatal health, are professionally obligated to lead clear, evidence-based communication that distinguishes these two unique clinical indications. Abortion bans may increase pregnancy-associated deaths and second-trimester sepsis rates among patients experiencing pregnancy loss. Nurses must engage in clinical advocacy, patient education, and policy dialogue to safeguard pharmaceutical access and protect maternal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Utilization of Home Visiting Programs Among Individuals Who Are Publicly Insured During the Perinatal Period.","authors":"Carrie Evans, Angel Chen Kuo, Andrea Kuster, Tristan Banks, Monique Morrell, Heide R Cygan","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of enhanced outreach efforts and referral processes on patient engagement with public health home visiting programs (HVPs) during the perinatal period among those who are publicly insured.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Quality improvement project.</p><p><strong>Setting/local problem: </strong>Maternal health disparities exist among patients who are publicly insured and at greater risk for severe maternal morbidity and birth and neonatal complications. HVPs are associated with improved maternal and infant health outcomes. Despite these benefits, patient engagement in these programs was low at an obstetric clinic in San Francisco. This finding revealed the need for process improvements in patient outreach and referral coordination.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Five clinic team members and 20 individuals who are publicly insured and seen for prenatal and postpartum care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention involved a three-pronged approach with (a) staff training, (b) new patient education materials, and (c) an updated referral workflow. Measurements included staff knowledge of program benefits and intent to refer, percentage of patients referred, referral acceptance rate, and program enrollment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five team members received training and the new educational materials and workflow; 80% (n = 4) reported a high level of understanding of program benefits, and 100% (n = 5) stated a high intent to refer patients. Of participating patients, 95% (n = 19) were offered referrals. Of those presented with referrals, 58% (n = 11) accepted a referral. At 2 months of intervention, 20% of participants (n = 4) were enrolled in an HVP, an increase from the preintervention enrollment rate of 8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This evidence-based quality improvement project resulted in effective team member engagement in HVP outreach and referral processes and increased program utilization during the perinatal period by patients who are publicly insured.</p>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Belonging and Support: A Qualitative Study of Black Women’s Lived Experiences in Pregnancy Resource Centers","authors":"Amanda J. Pitchford,&nbsp;Lisa R. Roberts,&nbsp;Anne Berit Petersen,&nbsp;Zane Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To present the experiences of Black women who visit pregnancy resource centers (PRCs), representing their unique voices while avoiding further marginalization surrounding such experiences.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Lived experiences of Black women were explored using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Setting/Local Problem</h3><div>Participants were recruited from PRCs in San Bernardino County, California, in August 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Female participants who self-identified as Black or African American, or as mixed ethnicity of the same heritage, who visited a PRC within the previous 12 months, and who could communicate their experiences in English were recruited using a passive sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semistructured interviews included four core questions and two follow-up prompts that were evaluated and approved by the Loma Linda University Institutional Review Board. The semistructured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and manually reviewed for accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten participants composed the sample. Participants had positive and negative experiences during their PRC visits related to four superordinate themes: (a) <em>Navigating</em> <em>Support and Judgment</em>, (b) <em>Being Seen and Heard</em>, (c) <em>Perceiving Community and Belonging</em>, and (d) <em>Experiencing Spiritual Care</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intangible themes presented by participants underscore the critical need to integrate experiential needs into the broader framework of perinatal nursing care and support in the community-based setting. Future research should prioritize centering lived experience, alternative care models, and intersectional analysis. Prioritizing equitable and culturally responsive care practices is the responsibility of all providers and supporters concerned with perinatal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 309-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Humility Training to Improve Provider Attitudes and Comfort Levels in Caring for Transgender and Gender-Variant Patients","authors":"Kimberly Taylor,&nbsp;Shawna M. Mason,&nbsp;Shellye A. Vardaman,&nbsp;Shery Seibenhener","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the impact of cultural humility training on the attitudes and comfort levels of health care providers regarding interacting with and caring for transgender and gender-variant (TGV) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Evidence-based practice project.</div></div><div><h3>Setting/Local Problem</h3><div>This project took place online, and the intervention was offered virtually in the setting of the participant’s choosing.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Seventy-five health care providers, most of whom were White, heterosexual, assigned female at birth, and in the nursing profession; they had an average age of 40.76 years.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention/Measurements</h3><div>A 30-min prerecorded cultural humility education session regarding caring for TGV patients, with particular attention to the obstetrics and gynecology specialty. Preintervention and postintervention data were collected using the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale (SOCCS) and a knowledge-based questionnaire to measure providers’ attitudes, skills, and knowledge competencies concerning TGV patients. Data were compiled into a data set and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 28).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Paired samples <em>t</em> tests were conducted to examine for differences preintervention and postintervention, with statistical significance noted with both the SOCCS and knowledge-based questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the mean scores among the types of health care workers on the SOCCS knowledge, attitudinal awareness, and skills subscales. There were statistically significant differences in knowledge and attitudinal awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings are consistent with current literature indicating that formal education and cultural humility training for health care providers and students decrease negative attitudes and increase knowledge and comfort levels in providing care to TGV patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 320-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Women’s Experiences of Obstetric Violence in the United States","authors":"Chelsey Green,&nbsp;Jennifer R. Bail","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To review the existing literature to explore women’s experiences of obstetric violence in the United States and identify gaps in the literature and areas for future research.</div></div><div><h3>Data Sources</h3><div>A literature search was conducted using CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, and APA PsycINFO databases in September 2025. The search string consisted of <em>(Obstetric∗ violence</em> OR <em>obstetric∗ mistreatment</em> OR <em>obstetric∗ abuse</em> OR <em>obstetric∗ harm)</em> AND <em>(Experience</em> OR <em>Perception</em> OR <em>Exposure</em> OR <em>Encounter</em> OR <em>Attitude∗)</em> AND (<em>United States</em> OR <em>US</em> OR <em>USA</em> OR <em>America∗)</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection</h3><div>Inclusion criteria included (a) qualitative studies conducted in the United States, (b) focused on the experience of birthing women, (c) participants were older than 17 years, and (d) peer-reviewed journal article published in English within the past 5 years. Articles that focused on health care providers’ viewpoints were excluded. A two-reviewer process was completed using Covidence systematic review software. Six articles met the inclusion and were included in this review.</div></div><div><h3>Data Extraction</h3><div>Data were extracted from the six included articles into a literature matrix.</div></div><div><h3>Data Synthesis</h3><div>Data were synthesized using the following emergent themes: (a) <em>Epistemic and Identity-Based Violence</em>, (b) <em>Institutional and Organizational Oppression</em>, (c) <em>Erosion of Maternal Autonomy and Bodily Integrity</em>, and (d) <em>Disrupted Maternal Transition and Postpartum Neglect</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings from this review suggest that obstetric violence is normalized during childbirth in the United States. Addressing obstetric violence requires not only individual provider reform but also systemic restructuring toward humanized, individualized, equitable, and trauma-informed maternity care. Nurses can practice trauma-informed and person-centered care, screen for psychosocial effects of previous obstetric mistreatment, use culturally responsive communication, and act as institutional advocates. Continued research, education, and policy reform are essential to dismantle the structural foundations of obstetric violence and to safeguard dignity, equity, and respect in every birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of TeamBirth to Promote Shared Decision-Making during Childbirth","authors":"Sarah Schwartz,&nbsp;Suzanne Carrington,&nbsp;Peg Rooney,&nbsp;Pamela Love","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based intervention—TeamBirth—to improve shared decision-making (SDM) during childbirth.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>An evidence-based practice project using a pre-/post-implementation, quasi-experimental design.</div></div><div><h3>Setting/Local Problem</h3><div>An urban, tertiary care, teaching hospital in Colorado. The labor and delivery unit where the project was implemented averaged 350 births per month, and there was a desire to improve communication practices with patients during childbirth.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Individuals, 18 years or older, who gave birth during the project period, spoke English or Spanish, and voluntarily completed the data collection questionnaire before discharge from the hospital (<em>N</em> = 286).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>TeamBirth is an evidence-based intervention using huddles and a shared planning board during childbirth to encourage effective communication and teamwork. It provides a standardized process to allow for the consistent implementation of SDM for all birthing people. The project collected demographic information and pre-/post-intervention data using the validated and reliable Mother’s Autonomy in Decision Making scale over an 18-week time frame.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, mean Mother’s Autonomy in Decision Making scale scores improved by 15.19% (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) with the use of TeamBirth. The improvement was greatest for participants who identified as Black (34.03%, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and for Hispanic participants who spoke Spanish (24.48%, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), with all racial/ethnic groups experiencing an improvement in scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implementation of TeamBirth provides a structure to engage birthing people in the decision-making process regarding their childbirth. Its systematic approach mitigates implicit bias when promoting SDM to benefit birthing people across all racial and ethnic groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Effective Perinatal Depression Care for Midwifery Clients at a Metropolitan Private Practice","authors":"Cathleen Hewlett-Masser,&nbsp;Ann Schaeffer","doi":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwh.2026.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To implement effective perinatal depression care for midwifery patients in a metropolitan private practice through routine screening, enhanced client engagement with shared decision-making, and case management across 8 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Project design used a rapid-cycle quality improvement method with a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment design.</div></div><div><h3>Setting/Local Problem</h3><div>Despite the identification of poor perinatal mental health as the state’s leading cause of maternal mortality, this midwifery practice did not routinely perform perinatal depression screening. The practice lacked evidence-based treatment algorithms for perinatal depression, and 70% of staff reported unfamiliarity with depression care resources.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A convenience sample of 208 women demonstrative of the local community receiving perinatal midwifery care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Screening occurred with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; A composite shared decision-making tool specifically addressing perinatal mental health needs facilitated client engagement. A case management log was used to track documentation of disease burden and effects of interventions on client outcomes, and it was operationalized into an effective care score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within 8 weeks, effective perinatal depression care scores improved to 90%, with screening rates reaching 100% by project end. Client engagement survey scores rose significantly to 3.9 of 4. Symptom improvement and remission occurred in 48% and 29% of clients, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This project was associated with the establishment of sustainable, effective perinatal depression care de novo in 8 weeks. Consistent screening and client-driven management planning mediated through active team engagement facilitated the provision of effective perinatal depression care with documented symptom improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39985,"journal":{"name":"Nursing for Women''s Health","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 276-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}