Prace i Studia Geograficzne最新文献

{"title":"Kryteria identyfikacji miast na świecie","authors":"J. Jóźwik, Dorota Dymek","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.001.16131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.001.16131","url":null,"abstract":"Criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world\u0000\u0000Despite the fact that urban areas have existed for millennia, no single, universal, supranational, and fully accepted definition of a city/town has been developed to date. The aim of this article is to review the criteria for identifying cities/towns in the world and their spatial differentiation. 233 territorial entities that are sovereign states or territories belonging to other states were surveyed. The analysis was based on a query from a list provided by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Population Division, which contains the definitions of cities/towns adopted by individual countries or territories when collecting data in censuses. The research carried out shows that singleor multicriteria definitions, referring to quantitative or (and) qualitative elements from the group of legal-administrative, demographic, infrastructural-spatial, and functional criteria, are most often used to distinguish cities/towns from villages. More than half of the surveyed territorial entities use only one criterion mentioned, and this is usually a legal-administrative criterion or a demographic criterion. In the process of identifying cities/towns, just over two-fifths of the surveyed entities apply a minimum population threshold (as the only or one of many criteria), set most often at 2,000 or 5,000 inhabitants. East Africa is the most diverse region in the world in terms of the criteria adopted, while Central Asia, Australia, and New Zealand are the least.\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Pomimo tego, że skupiska miejskie istnieją od tysiącleci, do dziś nie udało się wypracować jednej, powszechnej, uniwersalnej, ponadnarodowej i w pełni akceptowanej definicji miasta. Celem artykułu jest przegląd kryteriów identyfikacji miast na świecie i ich przestrzennego zróżnicowania. Badaniu poddano 233 jednostki będące suwerennymi państwami lub terytoriami przynależącymi do innych państw. Analiza została oparta na kwerendzie listy udostępnionej przez Wydział Ludności Departamentu Spraw Gospodarczych i Społecznych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, zawierającej definicje miast przyjmowane przez poszczególne państwa lub terytoria przy zbieraniu danych w spisach powszechnych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że do odróżnienia miasta od wsi najczęściej wykorzystuje się jednokryterialne lub złożone definicje, odwołujące się do ilościowych lub (i) jakościowych elementów z grupy kryteriów prawno-administracyjnych, demograficznych, infrastrukturalno- -przestrzennych i funkcjonalnych. Ponad połowa badanych jednostek wykorzystuje tylko jedno wymienione kryterium, przy czym jest to zwykle kryterium prawno-administracyjne lub kryterium demograficzne. W procesie identyfikacji skupisk miejskich nieco ponad dwie piąte badanych jednostek stosuje minimalny próg ludnościowy (jako jedyne lub jedno z wielu kryteriów), ustalony najczęściej na poziomie 2000 lub 5000 mieszkańców. Najbardziej zróżnicowanym regionem na świecie p","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postawy Samburu wobec conservancies w perspektywie bilansu korzyści i strat","authors":"T. Kępski","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.003.16133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.003.16133","url":null,"abstract":"Samburu’s view on conservancies in the perspective of the benefits and losses\u0000\u0000The article discusses the issue of attitudes of the Samburu ethnic group towards ’conservancies’ as the form of nature protection. The exploratory interviews (n = 12) were conducted among representatives of the Samburu community in northern Kenya. The aim of the research was to identify how Samburu perceive conservancies, considering current and expected consequences resulting from the development of this conservation form. The results show that the members of the Samburu community recognize the value of conservancies mainly through the economic benefits (gainful employment), as well as nature protection which is consistent with their religious values system (animism). However, the development of conservancies implying regulated access to natural resources (pasturelands) is seen as the real threat to their traditional pastoral culture. The attitudes of the local communities manifest a lack of trust in the management entities of the conservancies in the context of growing tensions between tribes over access to pasturelands. Consequently, prolonged droughts (climate change) may lead to a radical decrease in support for the idea of nature protection among members of the Samburu tribal elders.\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie postaw przedstawicieli grupy etnicznej Samburu wobec obszarowej formy ochrony przyrody w postaci conservancy. Przeprowadzono n = 12 wywiadów eksploracyjnych z przedstawicielami tejże społeczności w północnej Kenii. Celem badań było rozpoznanie sposobu, w jaki ludność Samburu postrzega conservancies, biorąc pod uwagę rzeczywiste i oczekiwane konsekwencje wynikające z rozwoju tej formy ochronnej. Rezultaty badań wskazują, że społeczność Samburu dostrzega wartość conservancies głównie przez pryzmat korzyści ekonomicznych (praca zarobkowa), a także ochrony przyrody, która jest zgodna z ich systemem wartości religijnych (animizm). Rozwój conservancies i związana z tym regulacja w dostępie do zasobów przyrody (pastwiska) są jednak postrzegane jako realne zagrożenia dla ich kultury pasterskiej. Nadto postawy lokalnych społeczności są nacechowane brakiem zaufania do podmiotów zarządzających conservancies, co w kontekście narastających napięć pomiędzy plemionami pasterskimi wokół dostępu do pastwisk, m.in. za sprawą przedłużających się susz (zmiany klimatyczne), może doprowadzić do radykalnego obniżenia poparcia dla idei ochrony przyrody wśród członków starszyzny plemiennej Samburu.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84163416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Napływ migracyjny w dobie dekoncentracji zaludnienia","authors":"M. Długosz","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the commonly observed suburbanization, there are cities in Poland with a positive migration balance. One of them is Wrocław, which is the most important migration center in south-western Poland. The following study raises the issue of migratory inflow to this city, by characterizing the source areas and people settling there for permanent residence between 2002 and 2018. The main research method used in the study is the analysis of statistical data, whose primary source was the statistical material available in the Demography database. In the course of analysis, it was noted that the immigrant population is dominated by young people, coming both from municipalities located close to Wrocław, as well as significantly distant from it, which indicates the heterogeneity and lack of territorial continuity of the immigration field.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78519095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dualizm ekonomiczny i megatrendy – przyczynek do dyskusji o rozwoju terytorialnym","authors":"W. Dziemianowicz, J. Goliński, J. Szlachta","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of economic dualism in the context of territorial development and is a review of the literature on this subject. The aim of the review article was to systematize the concepts related to the issues of economic dualism and megatrends in the context of their coexistence. An attempt was made to respond to the relationship between dualisms and megatrends occurring in the socio-economic system.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85723711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zmiany w podejściu do gospodarowania wodą opadową i roztopową w strefie podmiejskiej z perspektywy mieszkańców","authors":"D. Mantey","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2021-67.1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2021-67.1-08","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of climate change have shifted the approach to the rainwater discharge. New legal regulations, which force the inhabitants to change their behavior and impose additional financial burdens on them, have become an opportunity to revise the existing social attitudes towards the management of rain- and meltwater in suburban settlements. The aim of the article is to identify attitudes towards small retention in the context of changes in water law (both introduced and planned) among the inhabitants of three types of suburban areas in the Piaseczno municipality near Warsaw. The study verifies the hypothesis according to which the attitudes towards small retention differ depending on the type of built environment. It also answers the question of whether the type of suburban areas should differentiate the actions of local authorities aimed at rationalizing rainwater management. The article presents the results of a survey and interviews conducted among those residents of the municipality who have the option of using small retention on their own plot. Contrary to urban villages, residents of suburban areas with more dispersed housing and less paved surface are more open to the use of more effective small retention devices, in order to reduce the costs associated with the use of water and/or sewage, and pay a lower rain tax after its possible introduction. At the same time, they feel much more obliged to manage rainwater on their own property, without transferring full responsibility to the municipalityincluding the costs associated with it. On the other hand, the municipality is expected to adjust its intervention and subsidies to the specificity of individual settlements.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89102611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Między domem a „wielką wodą”. Rekonstrukcja przestrzeni przeżywanej w oparciu o Listy z drogi emigrantów z Królestwa Polskiego do Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891","authors":"Marta Raczyńska-Kruk","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-06","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to reconstruct the ‘lived space’ of emigrants from the Kingdom of Poland to Brazil and the United States during the journey between home and the European port in the years 1890–1891. The sources were letters found by Witold Kula, compiled and published for the first time in the 1970s in the book Listy emigrantów z Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891 (1973). The article contains an anthropological interpretation of the changing and meaningful relationship between migrants and space, and an indication of stages of the journey as elements of migrants’ geobiographies on the basis of letters from the road.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86425061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warunki obiegu wody w zlewni Krempnej w Beskidzie Niskim","authors":"P. Wacławczyk, D. Piątek, Maciej Siwka, M. Bryndza, Agata Gołąb, Joanna Hałys, Klaudia Jagi, Ewa Kalisz, Patrycja Wójtowicz","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-09","url":null,"abstract":"Magura National Park, located in Beskid Niski Mountains, is poorly researched in the field of hydrology. The aim of this study is to recognize the water cycle patterns in Krempna stream catchment (located in Magura NP). To reach this goal, hydrological mapping was taken. 173 (9,9/square kilometer) water outflows in catchment were surveyed; mean spring water temperature was 13,8°C (ranging from 8 to 19°C) and mean SEC was 345 µS×cm−1 (ranging from 70 to 1000 µS×cm−1). The results, compared with existing studies, indicate low water resources and a rapid transformation of rainfall into runoff in the studied catchment.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79466477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Svalbard w filmach polskich z lat 50. i 60. XX w. Perspektywa geografii wizualnej","authors":"J. Szymala, Andrei Rogatchevski","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"We propose to look at the 1950s–60s Polish documentaries about Svalbard through the prism of visual geography. We analyse the films by Włodzimierz Puchalski and Jarosław Brzozowski. Svalbard’s landscape appears as a character in these films. The films have not been considered from a geographical viewpoint before, and some of them have not yet been studied at all.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary trends toward environmental issues in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"K. O. Ahmed, S. Aziz, Peshang Hama Karim, Twana Ahmed Hussein, Shazada Omer Najmalddin","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-07","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental problems can be the public’s concern, and they also feel the ratio of dangerousness. Consequently, collecting their opinions and trying to get to know the way of their thinking regarding their environmental problem and solving them was an attractive case study for the authors of this article. In this research, the authors found the public’s opinion and attitude regarding environmental situations and issues in Kurdistan Region-Iraq throughout a public questionnaire/survey. Around 450 people randomly participated from various geographical locations/cities of the region proportioned to the population rate regarding different demography, gender, age, and academic background. The statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used to analyze their opinion. Also, the cross-tabulation method was used to understand the relationship between two or more variables. Gender, age, and educational background had effects on the participants’ attitudes toward environmental issues. Females, aged from 20 to 30, and Ph.D. degree holders were paying more attention to the environment. Geographically, the participation ratio for the Sulaimani, Erbil, Duhok, Halabja, and Kirkuk Provinces was 28.48 %, 21.95 %, 17.61%, 16.69%, and 15.00 %, respectively. High and low participation levels of the contributors are a reflection of the environmental awareness of the contributors, providing environmentalfacilities for the people, background, and culture of the community, and stability of political, economical, and social issues of the areas. Furthermore, COVID-19 affected the environment, and commonly it had a positive impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86353766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriarchat nazewniczy – zmaskulinizowany krajobraz symboliczny polskich mniejszych miast","authors":"K. Górny, A. Górna, J. Szczepański, Aleksandra Sienica","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.1-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the topic of street names in 10 Polish small cities, examined from the perspective of critical geography, and geography of social justice in particular – two disciplines that have so far been underrepresented in Polish geography. The studied hodonyms were analysed in the context of gender disproportions in streets named after individuals. In all towns, the toponymic landscape is dominated by male names, whose advantage over female names is significant, which confirms the thesis about naming patriarchy in Polish cities. Arguments for the urgent need to introduce changes in the current toponymic landscape were also presented in the text, along with the proposal of two new terms referring to the geographical names commemorating women – feminonyms and men – masculinonyms.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85990983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}