Refugee Survey Quarterly最新文献_第4页

A “Surrogate State” for Refugees in Greece 希腊难民的“代孕国”

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdad002

M. Moschopoulos

{"title":"A “Surrogate State” for Refugees in Greece","authors":"M. Moschopoulos","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rapid increase in the number of refugees arriving to Greece in 2015 and the subsequent moves by the European Union Member States to limit their secondary movement triggered what has been described as the “most expensive humanitarian response in history.” The European Commission, believing that Greece did not have the capacity to respond to the situation, directly funded international organisations, primarily the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and international non-governmental organisations to do so. The “care and maintenance model” at the core of UNHCR’s response to protracted refugee situations has been described as a “surrogate state,” complete with the territory, services, and citizens. This article aimed to examine whether this refugee response in Greece followed the “surrogate state” model which characterised interventions in other geographies, by studying UNHCR’s service provision, governance functions, perception of legitimacy, territorial presence and influence. This study shows that this refugee response was characterised by a degree of surrogacy that resembles the “surrogate states” observed in other refugee responses. The Greek government was marginalised during the response and abdicated a significant degree of responsibility to UNHCR. This negatively affected the quality of the response itself and the long-term welfare and prospects of refugees.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46660981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Sustainable Solution or Just a Different Form of Humanitarian Assistance? Examining the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan (KISEDP) 可持续的解决方案还是只是一种不同形式的人道主义援助？审查Kalobeyei综合社会经济发展计划（KISEDP）

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdad001

Måns Fellesson

{"title":"A Sustainable Solution or Just a Different Form of Humanitarian Assistance? Examining the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan (KISEDP)","authors":"Måns Fellesson","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdad001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article contributes to the understanding of operational challenges linked to the implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees and the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework . In the scope of the analysis is the operationalisation of the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan in Kenya, aimed at promoting economic and social integration through greater opportunities for self-reliance, livelihood, and inclusion in national service systems for refugees and the host population alike. The article sheds light on the conditions and prospects for developing the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan by examining key circumstances and interplays in two areas central to the idea of refugee/host integration – relevant national legal frameworks and the composition of grounding socio-economic factors. The results show the need for revisions to the Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan if its most grounding objectives are to materialise. As it stands, the implementation builds on an incompatible amalgamation of a grand development vision, speaking about inclusion, mobility, and economic development, to be carried out in a much restricted and economically challenging environment.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41567506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“You Can’t Go to War Over Refugees”: The Bangladesh War of 1971 and the International Refugee Regime 《你不能为难民开战》:1971年孟加拉国战争与国际难民制度

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac026

Bidisha Biswas

{"title":"“You Can’t Go to War Over Refugees”: The Bangladesh War of 1971 and the International Refugee Regime","authors":"Bidisha Biswas","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the 1971 refugee crisis between India and Pakistan and discusses its enduring lessons for the global refugee regime. The crisis, which drove an estimated ten million refugees into India within a space of nine months, led to a war between the two countries. The events of that year had significant geopolitical consequences. It led to the break-up of the Pakistani state, created the new country of Bangladesh, and involved the United Nations in one of its earliest, and largest, refugee repatriation campaigns. Yet, the case has received little attention in the refugee studies literature. Based on extensive archival research of the records of the US, British, and Indian governments, and of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, this article examines why and how the refugee crisis escalated into an interstate war. The study links the India–Pakistan case to ongoing challenges confronting the international refugee regime, particularly from the perspective of first-host countries. The 1971 crisis reminds us that refugee governance norms and practices must include more critical considerations of the conditions necessary to resolve forced migration situations.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136117871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why is Syria a War but Not Afghanistan? Nationality-based Aid and Protection in Turkey’s Syria Refugee Response 为什么叙利亚是战争，而阿富汗不是?土耳其对叙利亚难民的国籍援助和保护

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac028

Shaddin Almasri

{"title":"Why is Syria a War but Not Afghanistan? Nationality-based Aid and Protection in Turkey’s Syria Refugee Response","authors":"Shaddin Almasri","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac028","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that, following the most recent influx of Syrians, refugee reception and aid policies in Turkey has shifted to be differentiated depending on the nationality of refugee groups. This research relies on a case study methodology and assesses changes in reception and aid access policies undertaken in Turkey post the Syrian influx and European Union (EU)–Turkey deal. In doing so it critically analyses differentiated access by refugee nationality, specifically Syrians and Afghans. This begins with an analysis of differences between refugee groups in how protection status is issued, followed by an investigation of differentiated access to programmes and assistance, and the role that EU-led negotiations and aid programmes play in re-enforcing Syrian-focused inclusion. Through a methodology that combines a review of law, policy and relevant literature and semi-structured interviews with key informants, this article makes two conclusions: first, that policies in Turkey unfolded to differentiate and distinguish Syrian refugees, against other refugee groups, as part of the response to the influx. Secondly, as objects of migration diplomacy between the EU and Turkey, aid and assistance programmes for refugees were also distinct by citizenship and re-enforced this differentiation, characterising the response by a condition of nationality-based aid.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behind the Politics of Resilience: the Limits of the EU’s Response to Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 弹性政治背后:欧盟对黎巴嫩境内叙利亚难民反应的局限性

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac029

Lyla André

{"title":"Behind the Politics of Resilience: the Limits of the EU’s Response to Syrian Refugees in Lebanon","authors":"Lyla André","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac029","url":null,"abstract":"The Syrian crisis that began expanding in 2012 has sent millions of refugees into neighbouring countries and beyond and proved to be a testing ground for the European Union’s new approach to humanitarian crises. Focused on European Union-funded educational programmes carried out in response to the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon, this article argues that the European Union’s approach has nevertheless negatively impacted refugees’ lives because of its embeddedness in the international regime of resilience that has gained ground in the field of refugee protection. Indeed, while the resilience regime appears to be a continuation of the neoliberal system of rule, it in fact represents a paradigmatic shift that implies political and moral retreat from donors’ responsibility. Applied to refugee management, the agenda of “resilience” thus contradicts the rationale for burden-sharing that previously involved a “shared responsibility” between external donors and the hosting State. Based on Kratochwil’s praxis approach, this article therefore aims to empirically expand upon the recent literature centred on “resilience” and “self-reliance” in the field of refugee management. In doing so, it demonstrates how neoliberal features of resilience further hinder refugees’ lives as these features entail a total separation from an adequate rights-based approach.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the Intersection of Scepticism, Gender Blindness, and Ethnocentricity in the Asylum Tribunal: the Urgent Case For Empathy Enhancement 在庇护法庭中导航怀疑主义、性别盲目性和种族优越感的交叉点:增强同理心的紧急案例

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac015

Helen O’Nions

{"title":"Navigating the Intersection of Scepticism, Gender Blindness, and Ethnocentricity in the Asylum Tribunal: the Urgent Case For Empathy Enhancement","authors":"Helen O’Nions","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adopting a critical legal studies position, informed by procedural justice theory, this article argues that the intersection of scepticism with ethnocentric and gender-blind expectations of behaviour from tribunal judges impacts the fairness of proceedings, to the particular detriment of women asylum-seekers in the UK. Procedural justice theorists argue that fair procedures help court users to accept adverse outcomes. Yet an attempt to apply these principles to the asylum tribunal where there is no common experience and where decision-making occurs within a culture of disbelief proves futile. This analysis is informed by the experiences of 14 women who appealed an adverse asylum decision before the tribunal. It is evident that whilst judicial discretion allows judges to make procedural enhancements, this leads to inconsistency (itself a marker of unfairness) and the opportunity for an appellant to rebut assumptions through meaningful participation is rarely available. It is argued that principles of procedural justice need to be tailored in the specific context of asylum. Empathy-informed reasoning is urgently required. This needs to be embedded, through training, guidelines, and greater accountability. Without such enhancement, the tribunal appears to lack impartiality and serves only to replicate the flaws of initial decision-making.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Saving Brown Women from Brown Men? “Refugee Women”, Gender and the Racialised Politics of Protection 从棕色男人手中拯救棕色女人？“难民妇女”、性别与保护的种族主义政治

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-08-13 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac021

H. Crawley

{"title":"Saving Brown Women from Brown Men? “Refugee Women”, Gender and the Racialised Politics of Protection","authors":"H. Crawley","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 White feminist scholarship in the Global North has drawn attention to the challenges facing women seeking protection under international refugee law (IRL). Whilst these efforts have improved outcomes for some women, they have largely failed to reconfigure the ways in which gendered experiences of persecution are conceptualised and represented. Drawing on postcolonial feminist scholarship, this article suggests that white feminist scholars have been largely complicit in a script that essentialises the experiences of women originating from the Global South. Where gender is taken into account, women from the Global South are typically understood and represented through a neo-imperial frame as disempowered, helpless “victims”, or as “Exotic Others” who need to be rescued from their “backward” cultures. The framing of “Refugee Women” as a homogenous and undifferentiated category ignores the complex intersections of race and gender shaping both women’s experiences and the racialised politics of protection. Moreover, because white feminist approaches have a colonial “blind spot”, they ignore the ways in which the international refugee regime is deeply entangled with the history of colonialism. In so doing, they replicate and reinforce racialised representations of Black and Muslim men as perpetrators of violence against women.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The “Guardian of the Treaties” is No More? The European Commission and the 2021 Humanitarian Crisis on Poland–Belarus Border “条约守护者”不复存在?欧盟委员会与2021年波兰-白俄罗斯边境的人道主义危机

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac025

Maciej Grześkowiak

引用次数: 6

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: a Human Rights Assessment of the Fate of Excluded Asylum-seekers and Criminal Refugees in Australia 在岩石和坚硬的地方之间:对在澳大利亚被排除的寻求庇护者和犯罪难民命运的人权评估

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac024

Júlia Zomignani Barboza

{"title":"Between a Rock and a Hard Place: a Human Rights Assessment of the Fate of Excluded Asylum-seekers and Criminal Refugees in Australia","authors":"Júlia Zomignani Barboza","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Migrants fearing harm in their own country may benefit from the protection of refugee law. This protection, however, is not extended to those considered undeserving of it, for example, because they committed atrocities in the past, and may be removed from those who become a threat to the host State’s national security. In practice, States need to find solutions for such migrants, who are often failed asylum-seekers or criminal refugees who lost their protection status. In this regard, Australia is infamous for its extensive use of immigration detention, which is frequently applied to such migrants. The country’s practices have stirred much academic debate and gave rise to a multitude of legal cases and legislation changes. This contribution provides a human rights assessment of Australia’s practices towards failed asylum-seekers and criminal refugees, showing that when faced with such migrants, States may adopt measures that violate their international human rights obligations, such as returning them to harm or placing them in indefinite detention. As States are increasingly adopting similar practices, especially regarding the use of immigration detention, this analysis of the Australian context can inform the assessment of these practices anywhere they may be applied.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women Refugees and the Development of US Asylum Law: 1980-present 妇女难民与美国庇护法的发展:1980年至今

IF 1.2

Refugee Survey Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1093/rsq/hdac019

Deborah E. Anker

{"title":"Women Refugees and the Development of US Asylum Law: 1980-present","authors":"Deborah E. Anker","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdac019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the past three decades, the US has developed a robust body of gender asylum law, including claims of women subject to sexual violence or other serious harm for reasons of gender. This body of law both reflects and has been a catalyst for larger shifts in US jurisprudence recognising the international treaty law basis of domestic asylum law. For years such progress was stymied by a dominant Cold War ideological decision-making paradigm and a woefully inadequate and politicised administrative bureaucracy. The growth of a domestic and international women’s rights movement, and more meaningful engagement by the US judiciary, have resulted in substantial changes. Although progress remains incomplete, today there is a significant body of administrative and federal judicial case law incorporating gender into the interpretation of key categories in refugee law, including gender-defined particular social groups (PSG) and gender-based claims under the political, race and religion grounds in the definition of refugee. These more principled developments have proven vulnerable to politics, particularly under the administration of President Donald J. Trump. However, a new approach, based in part on a clearer, regulatory articulation of doctrine, holds promise for the development of a more coherent and principled body of jurisprudence. This article places US gender asylum in the context of the larger political landscape (i.e., the Cold War, and post-Cold War politics). The article also attempts to draw the links between the development of gender asylum law and larger social and legal change movements, including a domestic and international women’s rights movements focused on issues of sexual violence and violence in the home or “domestic violence.”","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42552689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1