Refugee Survey Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Asylum-Seekers Prosecuted for Human Smuggling: A Case Study of Scafisti in Italy","authors":"Flavia Patanè, M. P. Bolhuis, Joris van Wijk, Helena Kreiensiek","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa008","url":null,"abstract":"States increasingly prosecute irregular migrants – asylum-seekers included – for their (alleged) involvement in human smuggling during their own migration journey. Based on a literature review and interviews with lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and migrants on Sicily, this article provides insight into the nature and scale of this phenomenon in Italy and discusses the effects of criminal prosecution on these migrants’ asylum procedures. From 2015–2018, as a standard operating procedure, roughly 1,300 “captains” and navigators – scafisti (literally: smugglers by boat) – of small dinghies with migrants arriving in Italy have been arrested for suspicion of “aiding clandestine (or irregular) immigration”. Most scafisti are migrants themselves and there are strong indications that they were forced to steer or navigate the boat. These prosecuted migrants face many difficulties in proving duress and are often inadequately advised about the consequences of a criminal conviction on their subsequent immigration procedures. After a conviction, as well as after an acquittal, they are often excluded from official reception centres and have difficulties accessing asylum procedures. When they manage to apply for asylum, they will be denied international protection if they have been convicted. When they cannot be expelled, they may end up in a legal limbo, having to rely on a temporary humanitarian status with strict limitations.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"123-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Pathways for Students from Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Backgrounds in Higher Education: Aspirations About Progression to Postgraduate Studies","authors":"C. Clark, Caroline Lenette","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 University students from refugee and asylum-seeker backgrounds (SRABs) have unique resettlement experiences related to disrupted education, family expectations, financial pressures, and visa uncertainty. These arduous experiences often translate into a strong determination to access education and persevere with tertiary studies. Supportive educational trajectories are crucial to increase social cohesion and help redress the personal and social disadvantages SRABs face. Yet, there is virtually no attention paid to aspirations about progression to postgraduate studies despite the diverse aspirations and talents of many. This article reports on a qualitative study that explored the perspectives of six SRABs and two academics at an Australian university on aspirations to postgraduate studies. Participants identified several obstacles and opportunities at personal, institutional, community, and policy levels. Many existing recommendations in the enabling pathways literature focus on what universities could do differently, but we argue for a whole-of-person approach that considers institutional as well as personal issues, to increase prospects of SRABs progressing to postgraduate studies. Universities can assist with better institutional support structures, mentoring, raising staff awareness about SRABs, and financial aid. While institutions might not be able to directly address financial, visa, and personal concerns, universities can implement simple strategies to minimise their impact.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"244-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambiguous Encounters: Revisiting Foucault and Goffman at an Activation Programme for Asylum-seekers","authors":"K. Kohl","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This qualitative study combined the approaches of Foucault and Goffman to investigate the consequences of a “roll-out” neoliberal “activation” programme on Denmark’s reception of asylum-seekers. The analysis found that the activation programme is an ambiguous technology of power intended to shape asylum-seekers into productive citizens by simultaneously disciplining them and improving their health and well-being, while using their labour to reduce costs. The strategic interactions in the job centre reflected the ambiguities created by these oft-incongruent aims, and activation caused conflicts as it amplified activities experienced as meaningless and humiliating. I argue that these consequences stem from the ambiguity, uncertainty, and trouble produced at the intersection of competing projects of rule in a “sensitive space”, and that the individualisation of responsibility for their own marginalisation, simultaneously serve to exclude asylum-seekers and to confine them to categories that license continued institutional discipline. Thereby, the intervention feeds cyclical process of failed integration and ill-fated interventions. Indeed, by individualising the responsibility for integration, such interventions depoliticise the marginalisation of citizens of immigrant decent and legitimise efforts to reduce immigration by fuelling problematisations of immigrants as expensive, deviant, and less employable.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"177-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of the Recognition of Foreign Certificates in Flanders","authors":"Karen Stoffelen, Mohammad Salman","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the assessment of foreign academic certificates in Flanders between January 2014 and February 2019. It examines data NARIC (National Academic and Professional Recognition and Information Centre) Flanders gathered on its applicants, their applications, and its subsequent decisions. As professional recognitions, providing access to regularised professions in Flanders, are given by the designated authorities in their field, it would go beyond the scope of this article.\u0000 In the descriptive result part, graphs illustrate the distribution of several characteristics of the applicants, their applications, and the decisions. In the explanatory result part, logistic regression analyses explore the influence of these characteristics on the decision of NARIC Flanders. The goal of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to contribute to the scarce literature on the procedures for the recognition of foreign certificates in Flanders; on the other hand, it aims to contribute to the public debate on the integration of migrants in the labour market.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"207-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Biting Our tongues”: Policy Legacies and Memories in the Making of the Syrian Refugee Response in Jordan","authors":"K. Lenner","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses the significance of policy legacies and policy memories for refugee policy in conflict-neighbouring countries, where most of the world’s displaced live. Drawing on insights from critical policy analysis, it views refugee policy as co-produced by national and international agencies on the basis of previous dynamics that are already the product of an intense history of interaction and translation. This approach is illustrated by analysing two different aspects of refugee policy in Jordan: the process of counting Syrians in the country and the partial integration of Syrians into the formal labour market. Both examples reveal an overarching legacy of accommodation that ties international and host government actors together. Despite sometimes differing over preferred outcomes, the main goals for the various actors involved have been to strike compromises, safeguard organisational interests, and create outward policy success. In order to meet these goals, the agencies involved have learned to tolerate unresolved ambiguities and disregard other inconvenient legacies and memories that would only complicate policy negotiations. Acknowledging this intertwinement of agencies, technologies, and rationales of government is essential for rethinking policy change and responsibility in contexts of mass displacement.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: “Syrian Refugee Migration, Transitions in Migrant Statuses and Future Scenarios of Syrian Mobility”","authors":"M. Valenta, Jo Jakobsen, Drago Župarić-Iljić, H. Halilovich","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdaa002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses the international migrations and statuses of people who left Syria after the outbreak of the civil war. In addition to exploring the dynamics of Syrian refugee migrations since 2011, we also discuss future prospects and possibilities of return. The ambition of the article is twofold. First, we aim to develop and nuance the typology of migrations of Syrians. Secondly, the article seeks to explore useful lessons from former large-scale refugee migrations; that is, knowledge which may hopefully contribute to preparing the relevant institutions and organisations for Syrian migrations in the eventual post-war period. Based on experiences from other post-conflict situations, several possible future scenarios of Syrian migrations are discussed. The proposed typologies of migrants and repatriation regimes may help us understand the nuances, the dynamic of status change and the complexity of the forced migrations. It is maintained that migration trends, reception, and repatriation conditions and policies are highly interconnected. Refugees’ responses to reception and repatriation regimes result in transitions in their legal statuses in receiving countries and changing motivations for migration and repatriation.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdaa002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guilt by Association: Ezokola’s Unfinished Business in Canadian Refugee Law","authors":"J. Bond, Nathan H. Benson, Jared Porter","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdz019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Guilt by association is an insufficient ground on which to deny international refugee protection. This was the finding in Ezokola v. Canada, a landmark case holding that Article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention requires a “voluntary, knowing and significant contribution” to a crime or criminal purpose before a refugee claimant can be excluded from protection on the basis of alleged involvement in international crimes. However, the same kinds of underlying acts that were before the Supreme Court of Canada in Ezokola – and are routinely considered under the Article 1F(a) exclusion framework – are also assessed under a second, distinct part of Canada's refugee system called the inadmissibility framework. This article explores the relationship between exclusion and inadmissibility, and demonstrates critical differences in the scope of each framework. We ultimately conclude that Canada's inadmissibility provisions bar asylum seekers from refugee protection on grounds broader than those permitted under Article 1F(a). This renders Canada's refugee claims system fundamentally inconsistent with the Refugee Convention and means that the business started in Ezokola urgently needs to be finished.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdz019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41587166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the Scenes of South Africa’s Asylum Procedure: A Qualitative Study on Long-term Asylum-Seekers from the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"L. Schockaert, E. Venables, María-Teresa Gil-Bazo, Garret Barnwell, Rodd Gerstenhaber, K. Whitehouse","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdz018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz018","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the difficulties experienced by asylum-seekers in South Africa, little research has explored long-term asylum applicants. This exploratory qualitative study describes how protracted asylum procedures and associated conditions are experienced by Congolese asylum-seekers in Tshwane, South Africa. Eighteen asylumseekers and eight key informants participated in the study. All asylum-seekers had arrived in South Africa between 2003 and 2013, applied for asylum within a year of * Migration Coordinator for Southern Africa, Operations Department, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF), Cape Town, South Africa ** Qualitative Research Focal Point, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Luxembourg *** Qualitative Research Focal Point, Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa **** Honorary Research Associate, Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa † Senior Lecturer in Law, Newcastle Law School, Newcastle University, UK ‡ Research Associate, African Centre for Migration and Society, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa § Clinical psychologist, unaffiliated, Johannesburg, South Africa k Country Director in South Africa, Operations Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa †† Qualitative Researcher, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Luxembourg ‡‡ Qualitative Research Mobile Implementation Officer, Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa This research was conducted through the Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT), a global partnership led by the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organization (WHO/TDR). The model is based on a course developed jointly by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF/Doctors Without Borders). The specific SORT IT program which resulted in this publication was managed by MSF. VC Author(s) [2020]. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2020, 0, 1–30 doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdz018 Article D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /rsq/advance-articleoi/10.1093/rsq/hdz018/5741662 by gest on 06 M arch 2020 arrival in Tshwane, and were still in the asylum procedure at the time of the interview, with an average of 9 years since their application. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings presented focus on the process of leaving the Democratic Republic of Congo, applying for asylum and aspirations of positive outcomes for one’s life. Subsequently, it describes th","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"26-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdz018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Arab Barometer","authors":"Hüseyin Emre Ceyhun","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdz016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 What factors determine public opinion towards immigrants? This inquiry is especially crucial in the context of developing countries since they hold 80 per cent of global refugee populations. Lebanon, with the burden on its shoulders due to hosting about one million Syrians, offers a unique case to study the mechanisms driving the formation of attitudes towards immigrants. In this article, I examine how Syrian density is associated with Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants. Using Arab Barometer Wave IV data (2016), I test three arguments linking public attitudes to natives’ economic, security, and sectarian concerns. My analysis suggests that there is no relationship between employment status and negative attitudes towards immigrants. Instead, I argue that perceived economic situation and sense of security provide better mechanisms for the formation of natives’ attitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, I present the observational evidence that Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants are driven by one’s sectarian affiliation. Notably, Christians are more likely to adopt positive attitudes towards immigrants as Syrian density increases, compared with Shi’as more likely to cite prejudice.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"100-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdz016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refugee Protection Standards in Transition: Studying German NGOs and Public Administrations","authors":"Inga Zimmermann, Kerstin Rosenow-Williams, Katharina Behmer-Prinz, Alina Bergedieck","doi":"10.1093/rsq/hdz015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From 2014 to 2015, the number of asylum applications increased by 155 per cent in Germany, which has severely altered Germany’s refugee response system. This article analyses resulting local-level changes in the protection standards for refugees. It sheds light on the interplay between municipal and organisational actors in implementing protections concepts and measures for refugee accommodations. The study applies a neo-institutional research framework to explain organisational behaviour at the level of non-governmental organisations and public administration asking how the security needs of refugee women are met at the “street-level bureaucracy”. Through empirical fieldwork, it shows that in 2018, gender-specific protection standards were higher than before 2014 due to mechanisms of regulative, normative and mimetic isomorphism. The joint development of Minimum Standards for the Protection of Refugees and Migrants in Refugee Accommodation Centres in 2016 by the United Nations Children's Fund, the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth and numerous non-governmental organisations has supported this process. The research combines current debates in refugee studies with theoretical concepts from organisational sociology, gender studies and policy research.","PeriodicalId":39907,"journal":{"name":"Refugee Survey Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"76-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/rsq/hdz015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}