AARN: Migration (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive Wealth of Immigrants and Natives","authors":"David A. Love, L. Schmidt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2689829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2689829","url":null,"abstract":"The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act had a profound impact on the demographic and skill composition of immigrants arriving in the U.S. A large literature has investigated the relative earnings of immigrants and natives, but much less is known about relative wealth accumulation and the preparation of immigrants for retirement. This paper compares the retirement preparation of older immigrants to that of native-born households using an annualized comprehensive measure of available resources. We find that immigrants have less wealth overall, but that they appear to be drawing down resources at a slower rate. We attempt to make sense of the trends in annualized wealth with the help of a lifecycle framework that incorporates uncertain longevity, bequests, risk in retirement resources, as well as endogenous housing wealth. Simulations from the model indicate that it is difficult to match the observed patterns in annualized wealth without the combination of both an explicit bequest motive and an explicit treatment of housing choice. These patterns mask a good deal of heterogeneity, however, in terms of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Some of the largest differences within immigrants occur along the margins of race and ethnicity, as well as the number of years since arrival. The evidence suggests that the typical immigrant is relatively well situated in retirement, but that more recent immigrants have low levels of total resources and are likely to have difficulty maintaining adequate levels of spending in retirement.","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127349908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chinese in Colonial Rabaul: An Informal History","authors":"J. Conroy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2459793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2459793","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the economic history of immigrant Chinese in colonial Rabaul and its hinterland (in German, later Australian, New Guinea) over almost a century to the Independence of Papua New Guinea in 1975. It is a companion piece to another study concerned with how Tolai people of the hinterland accommodated themselves to the colonial market economy (Conroy, forthcoming). Without pretension to novelty in the historical narrative it asserts the value of viewing events through the lens of 'informal economy', as constructed by Keith Hart. The Chinese are shown as operating an informal economy parallel to, and inter-penetrating, the formal colonial market economy. That formal economy conformed with norms of Weberian 'rational-legal' bureaucracy, guided (in the case of the Wilhelmine state) by an ideology of 'national-economic purpose'. Under Australian administration, and after the Pacific War, the prevalent intellectual model became one of 'economic development'. Under both administrations, however, Chinese demonstrated to the Tolai that it was possible to participate in the market economy without complying fully with bureaucratic norms. The Germans found it difficult to confine Chinese to dependent and subordinate roles, and Chinese often colluded with Tolai to frustrate German (and, later, Australian) efforts to regulate economic activity to their own advantage. The paper describes the growth and increasing formalization of Chinese business in Rabaul, while noting a continuing strain of informality in their economic activity right up until Independence. It suggests that knowledge of the history of the early colonial-period Chinese may be useful for understanding the character and trajectory of 'new' Chinese settlement in Papua New Guinea in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127503435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Previous Migration Experience and Legal Immigration Status Among Intending Mexican Migrants to the United States","authors":"Peter. Brownell, M. Rendall","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2407537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2407537","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the size and composition of flows of Mexican migrants intending to cross the border and enter the United States. We focus on two characteristics which relate to eligibility for Social Security retirement benefits: legal immigration status and prior US migration history. We compare estimates from before and after the onset of the Great Recession in 2007. We analyze data from the Survey of Migration at the Northern Border of Mexico (EMIF-Norte), an innovative survey of migration flows fielded in border cities and towns in Mexico. We find that the declining overall level of migration from Mexico to the US since 2007 is driven entirely by declines in the level of undocumented immigration. The size of the legal immigrant flow from Mexico has actually increased since the recession began. We find an overall shift away from migrants with no previous trips to the US, toward migrants with 11 or more previous trips. There was no significant shift in the distribution of previous US trips among undocumented migrants, but among work-authorized migrants, the representation of both first time migrants and those with more than 11 previous US trips grew. The increasing share and absolute number of work-authorized Mexican immigrants with 11 or more past trips to the US seems likely to affect the share of Mexican immigrants qualifying for Social Security retirement benefits in the future, and it may be valuable to continue to examine these trends.","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educating Foreign Born African Students in U.S. Schools","authors":"Jibril A. Mohamed","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2634077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2634077","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people, particularly students in U.S. schools, who were born in Africa increased significantly over the past decade. The 2010 U.S. Census report puts the African immigrant population in the U.S. at 2.1 million people. The largest foreign born African populations were from East Africa (Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia) and West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana). The states with the highest concentrations of African populations were New York, Minnesota, Ohio, California and Texas.This guide offers educators who work with this population some of the most important cultural insights that educators need to understand in order to be more effective in working with African students.","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130531236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Mehrebenendimension Aufenthaltsrechtlicher Irregularität. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen Zum Auftreten Irregulärer Migration in Der EU (The Multi-Level Dimension of Residential Irregularity. Conceptional Observations on the Appearance of Irregular Migration in the EU)","authors":"K. Hinterberger","doi":"10.5771/9783845280394-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845280394-155","url":null,"abstract":"German Abstract: Die (offentlichen) Debatten uber das Auftreten irregular vermitteln oftmals den Eindruck, dass jeder Mitgliedstaat noch selbstandig daruber entscheidet, ob der Aufenthalt eines Nichtstaatsangehorigen genehmigt wird. Mit anderen Worten, ob die Person (aufenthaltsrechtlich) irregular wird. Diesem zu undifferenziertem Verstandnis will ich in diesem Beitrag entgegentreten. Fortan argumentiere ich daher, dass der Begriff der aufenthaltsrechtlichen Irregularitat in seiner Mehrebenendimension zu entwickeln ist. Hierbei stehen zwei zusammenhangende Fragen im Mittelpunkt: \u0000 \u0000- Welche Personen konnen in der EU als irregulare Migrant*innen identifiziert werden? \u0000- Liegt es in der Kompetenz der Mitgliedstaaten oder der EU, uber die Genehmigung des Aufenthalts von Nichtstaatsangehorigen zu entscheiden oder handelt es sich dabei um eine geteilte Zustandigkeit? \u0000 \u0000\"Irregular\" bezeichnet in der Folge den aufenthaltsrechtlichen Status jener Migrant*innen, welche durch die Nichterfullung oder Verletzung von bestimmten Rechtsvorschriften kein Aufenthaltsrecht (mehr) haben. Der Zugriff auf das Problem erfolgt aus der Perspektive grenzuberschreitender Migrant*innen und nicht aus dem Blickwinkel des Ausweisungsrechts. \u0000 \u0000Einleitend wird hierzu uberblickshaft das Konzept irregularer Migration beleuchtet. Anschliesend erfolgt ein Eingehen auf den hier verwendeten Aufenthaltsrechtsbegriff, der ein zentrales Element der festgelegten und naher zu beschreibenden \"irregular\"-Definition ist. Sodann wird die \"irregular\"-Definition anhand von Musterbeispielen illustriert. Denn in der EU sind bestimmte Nichtstaatsangehorige aufenthaltsrechtlich besser gestellt als andere. Diese aufenthaltsrechtlich privilegierten Personenkategorien bieten den bestmoglichen Kontrast, um die Konturen aufenthaltsrechtlicher Irregularitat zu erfassen. Sie werden daher als Schablone herangezogen, da sie nur ausnahmsweise irregular werden konnen. Die Personengruppen dienen als Negativdefinition zur Herauskristallisierung unter welchen Bedingungen irregulare Migration in der EU auftreten kann. Ihnen ist gemein, dass die Entscheidung uber die Genehmigung ihres Aufenthalts nicht in die Kompetenz der Mitgliedstaaten fallt. Abschliesend kann die Mehrebenendimension aufenthaltsrechtlicher Irregularitat dargestellt werden. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: The (public) debate about the appearance of irregular migration often gives the impression that every Member State still decides autonomously if the residence of a non-citizen is permitted; in other words if the person becomes (residentially) irregular. This contribution will counter this too undifferentiated understanding. Henceforth I argue that concept of residential irregularity has to be developed in its multi-level dimension (“Mehrebenendimension”). The main focus is on two related questions: \u0000 \u0000- Which persons can be identified as irregular migrants in the EU? \u0000 \u0000- Is it an exclusive competence of the Member States or the EU, respectively, or is","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131966447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Sarah Spencer, the Migration Debate","authors":"Yuval Livnat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3076144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3076144","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Sarah Spencer's \"The Migration Debate\".","PeriodicalId":399000,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Migration (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133740077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}