Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval最新文献

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A Generative Framework to Query Recommendation and Evaluation 基于生成框架的推荐与评价查询
M. Mitsui
{"title":"A Generative Framework to Query Recommendation and Evaluation","authors":"M. Mitsui","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022172","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, query recommenders in Web search typically recommend queries directly from a query log or iteratively refine a user's current context to make recommendations. These approaches either limit themselves to queries in the log or do not take necessary exploratory leaps in their recommendations. Moreover, they do not directly incorporate the encompassing, driving information needs and tasks. The author first shows that user queries may not necessarily be the best to use for recommendations and moreover proposes a framework for generating novel queries for query recommendation, using an approximation of need.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117049155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
I Can and So I Search More: Effects Of Memory Span On Search Behavior 我能,所以我搜索更多:记忆广度对搜索行为的影响
J. Gwizdka
{"title":"I Can and So I Search More: Effects Of Memory Span On Search Behavior","authors":"J. Gwizdka","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022148","url":null,"abstract":"Search effort is an important aspect of Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR). Prior findings show that higher cognitive ability searchers tend to perform more actions than lower ability searchers. In an eye-tracking lab study we investigated the effects of working memory (WM) on search effort. The findings show that higher WM searchers perform more actions and that most significant differences are in time spent on reading results pages. We also show that behavior of high and low WM searchers changes differently in the course of a search task performance.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Automatic Summarization of Domain-specific Forum Threads: Collecting Reference Data 特定领域论坛线程的自动汇总:收集参考数据
S. Verberne, Antal van den Bosch, S. Wubben, E. Krahmer
{"title":"Automatic Summarization of Domain-specific Forum Threads: Collecting Reference Data","authors":"S. Verberne, Antal van den Bosch, S. Wubben, E. Krahmer","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022127","url":null,"abstract":"We create and analyze two sets of reference summaries for discussion threads on a patient support forum: expert summaries and crowdsourced, non-expert summaries. Ideally, reference summaries for discussion forum threads are created by expert members of the forum community. When there are few or no expert members available, crowdsourcing the reference summaries is an alternative. In this paper we investigate whether domain-specific forum data requires the hiring of domain experts for creating reference summaries. We analyze the inter-rater agreement for both data-sets and we train summarization models using the two types of reference summaries. The inter-rater agreement in crowdsourced reference summaries is low, close to random, while domain experts achieve a considerably higher, fair, agreement. The trained models however are similar to each other. We conclude that it is possible to train an extractive summarization model on crowdsourced data that is similar to an expert model, even if the inter-rater agreement for the crowdsourced data is low.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126830879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A Theoretical Framework for Conversational Search 会话搜索的理论框架
Filip Radlinski, Nick Craswell
{"title":"A Theoretical Framework for Conversational Search","authors":"Filip Radlinski, Nick Craswell","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3020183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3020183","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies conversational approaches to information retrieval, presenting a theory and model of information interaction in a chat setting. In particular, we consider the question of what properties would be desirable for a conversational information retrieval system so that the system can allow users to answer a variety of information needs in a natural and efficient manner. We study past work on human conversations, and propose a small set of properties that taken together could measure the extent to which a system is conversational. Following this, we present a theoretical model of a conversational system that implements the properties. We describe how this system could be implemented, making the action space of an conversational search agent explicit. Our analysis of this model shows that while theoretical, the model could be practically implemented to satisfy the desirable properties presented. In doing so, we show that the properties are also feasible.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 317
Making Sense of Conflicting Science Information: Exploring Bias in the Search Engine Result Page 理解相互冲突的科学信息:探索搜索引擎结果页中的偏见
Alamir Novin, E. Meyers
{"title":"Making Sense of Conflicting Science Information: Exploring Bias in the Search Engine Result Page","authors":"Alamir Novin, E. Meyers","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3020185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3020185","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is widespread media coverage about the problems with 'fake news' that appears in social media, but the effects of biased information that appears in search engine results is also increasing. The authors argue that the search engine results page (SERP) exposes three important types of bias: source bias, algorithmic bias, and cognitive bias. To explore the relationship between these three types of bias, we conducted a mixed methods study with sixty participants (plus fourteen in a pilot to make a total of seventy-four participants). Within a library setting, participants were provided with mock search engine pages that presented order-controlled sources on a science controversy. Participants were then asked to rank the sources' usefulness and then summarize the controversy. We found that participants ranked the usefulness of sources depending on its presentation within a SERP. In turn, this also influenced how the participants summarized the topic. We attribute the differences in the participants' writings to the cognitive biases that affect a user's judgment when selecting sources on a SERP. We identify four main cognitive biases that a SERP can evoke in students: Priming, Anchoring, Framing, and the Availability Heuristic. While policing information quality is a quixotic task, changes can be made to both SERPs and a user's decision-making when selecting sources. As bias emerges both on the system side and the user side of search, we suggest a two-fold solution is required to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114187201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Incorporating Task Analysis in the Design of a Tool for a Complex and Exploratory Search Task 将任务分析纳入复杂探索性搜索任务的工具设计
Tugba Kulahcioglu, Dmitriy Fradkin, Sridharan Palanivelu
{"title":"Incorporating Task Analysis in the Design of a Tool for a Complex and Exploratory Search Task","authors":"Tugba Kulahcioglu, Dmitriy Fradkin, Sridharan Palanivelu","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022156","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its nature, a complex and exploratory search task is not directly actionable; it needs to be decomposed into actionable sub-tasks. Achieving this decomposition is usually not trivial for non-expert users. Also, the users need additional support to decrease their cognitive workload, regardless of their experience level. A tool designed for a specific task should handle the above issues. In this paper, we present a design approach that can help achieve this, and exemplify this approach using the search task of patent infringement discovery. We apply hierarchical task analysis to analyze a successful goal decomposition scenario for the task. This kind of decomposition makes explicit the tasks that are most responsible for the cognitive workload of the user. We then apply cognitive analysis to reveal the knowledge that enables such decomposition. Finally, we use these findings to design the tool in a way that reduces the load on the user and enables achieving decomposition for non-expert users.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128706909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Accidentally Successful Searching: Users' Perceptions of a Digital Library 意外成功搜索:用户对数字图书馆的感知
S. Kumpulainen, Heli Kautonen
{"title":"Accidentally Successful Searching: Users' Perceptions of a Digital Library","authors":"S. Kumpulainen, Heli Kautonen","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022124","url":null,"abstract":"People usually search information by using queries that are targeted to match the wording of the documents in the collections. However, during their search processes they may discover some useful pieces of information they did not expect. Serendipitous searching occurs when people search for information, but during their search process discover unexpected results. One key aspect of serendipity is chance encountering, which means the accidental and unexpected encountering with useful information. In this paper we address to the chance encounters, search success and search interests of information seekers using a national digital library called Finna. This study shows that chance encountering and search success increase with user satisfaction and that digital libraries can support information encountering.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114070639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Strangers in a Strange Land: A Study of Second Language Speakers Searching for e-Services 异乡生人:第二语言使用者搜索电子服务的研究
D. Brazier, Morgan Harvey
{"title":"Strangers in a Strange Land: A Study of Second Language Speakers Searching for e-Services","authors":"D. Brazier, Morgan Harvey","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022133","url":null,"abstract":"While the recent trend of digitisation of government and related services offers many advantages, it could introduce problems for those who are less information literate or who have particular issues searching for and understanding the necessary content. In this study ten participants, who speak English as a second language, were given four search tasks designed to reflect actual information seeking situations. They completed pre- and post-search questionnaires to identify the relevancy of the task, their English language ability and search experience. Our results suggest that, despite a perception that they performed to the best of their abilities, were bookmarking relevant documents and that the given tasks were easy, the students were actually often choosing documents that are only partially or tangentially relevant. The repercussions of this discrepancy are clear and suggest that much more assistance is needed before such services can be made 'digital by default'.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Towards Identifying User Intentions in Exploratory Search using Gaze and Pupil Tracking 利用注视和瞳孔跟踪来识别探索性搜索中的用户意图
Thomas Low, N. Bubalo, Tatiana Gossen, Michael Kotzyba, A. Brechmann, A. Huckauf, A. Nürnberger
{"title":"Towards Identifying User Intentions in Exploratory Search using Gaze and Pupil Tracking","authors":"Thomas Low, N. Bubalo, Tatiana Gossen, Michael Kotzyba, A. Brechmann, A. Huckauf, A. Nürnberger","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022131","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration in large multimedia collections is challenging because the user often navigates into misleading directions or information areas. The vision of our project is to develop an assistive technology that is able to support the individual user and enhance the efficiency of an ongoing exploratory search. Such a technical search aid should be able to find out about the user's current interests and goals. Respective parameters can be found in the central and in the peripheral nervous system as well as in overt behavior. Therefore, we aim at using eye movements, pupillometry and EEG to assess respective information. Here, we describe the set-up and the first results of a preliminary user study investigating the effects of searching an image collection on eye movements and pupil dilations. First data show that numbers of fixation, fixation durations as well as pupil dilations differ systematically when looking at a subsequently selected target as compared with not selected items. These results support our vision that further research additionally investigating EEG can in fact result in better predicting the searchers goals and next choices.","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Building Cost-Benefit Models of Information Interactions 建立信息交互的成本效益模型
L. Azzopardi
{"title":"Building Cost-Benefit Models of Information Interactions","authors":"L. Azzopardi","doi":"10.1145/3020165.3022162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3020165.3022162","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling how people interact with search interfaces has been of particular interest and importance to the field of Interactive Information Retrieval. Recently, there has been a move to developing formal models of the interaction between the user and the system, whether it be to: (i) run a simulation, (ii) conduct an economic analysis, (iii) measure system performance, or (iv) simply to better understand user interactions and hypothesise about user behaviours. In such models, they consider the costs and the benefits that arise through the interaction with the interface/system and the information surfaced during the course of interaction. In this half day tutorial, we will focus on describing a series of cost-benefit models that have been proposed in the literature and how they have been applied in various scenarios. The tutorial will be structured into two parts. First, we will provide an overview of Decision Theory and Cost-Benefit Analysis techniques, and how they can and have be applied to a variety of Interactive Information Retrieval scenarios. For example, when do facets helps?, under what conditions are query suggestions useful? and is it better to bookmark or re-find? The second part of the tutorial will be dedicated to building cost-benefit models where we will discuss different techniques to build and develop such models. In the practical session, we will also discuss how costs and benefits can be estimated, and how the models can help inform and guide experimentation. During the tutorial participants will be challenged to build cost models for a number of problems (or even bring their own problems to solve).","PeriodicalId":398762,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116790480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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