Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology最新文献

{"title":"WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SARATA","authors":"P. Lozovitskii","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268698","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research: to determine the costs, chemical composition, mineralization and the state of water pollution of the small Sarata River according to ecological and sanitary criteria, specific substances of toxic action, to assess the suitability of water for irrigation according to irrigation indicators.\u0000Data and Methods. Research methods are based on systemic analysis and general principles of objectivity, causality, relevance and evolution. Of the traditional general scientific methods, observation, analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, generalization and abstraction, methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory are used. Formation of environmental information databases and mathematical processing of research results were carried out in Microsoft Excel, Costat, Statistic. by systematization and evaluation of the received information by tabular and graphic methods, dispersion analysis performed on a personal computer using a standard program package. Parallel statistical series of chemical analysis data contained up to 120 values for 1946–2018.\u0000Results. According to research, the width of the river Sarata in the village. Sarata varied from 0.6 to 31.9 m with an average value of 11.35 m. The average depth of river water varied from 3 to 279 cm at the greatest depth – from 7 to 346 cm. The cross-sectional area of the river water flow varied from 0.02 up to 72.9 m2 with an average value of 8.26 m2. The average water flow rate varied from 0.01 to 0.92 m/s with an average long-term value of 0.25 m/s. The maximum water flow velocities of the river varied from 0.01 to 1.29 m/s. The measured water flow rates during this period varied from 0.002 to 107 m3/s. According to the arithmetic mean values of the mineralization of the water of the Sarata river in 1953–2017 belonged to the brackish β-mesogaline 2nd class, 3 quality categories. According to the ecological quality assessment, the water of Sarata was polluted with components of salt composition chlorides and sulfates, biogenic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, organic substances, heavy metals (iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, etc.), oil products, SPAR, phenols. The calculated pollution index of river water belongs to the 6th class dirty in terms of tropho-saprobiological indicators. According to most irrigation assessment methods and the state standard of Ukraine for irrigation water, the river runoff is not suitable for soil irrigation, requires reduction of alkalinity, saturation with calcium salts and dilution with fresh water.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132197920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS COASTLINE OF THE DZHARYLHACH SPIT DISTAL END","authors":"O. Davydov, I. M. Kotovskyi, Yuriy Onoyko, S. V. Simchenko","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268697","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Dzharylhach spit is the largest accumulative form within the Black Sea coast. Erosion processes have appeared along the front of the spit, which in certain local areas (“hot spots”) are quite dangerous and can cause the spit’s body breaks. Within Dzharylgach, “hot spots” are located in the proximal and distal parts.\u0000The Dzharylhach distal end is an important recreational facility that hosts tens of thousands of vacationers every year. The breach formation within the distal end will make its recreational use impossible, which in turn will lead to significant negative changes in the economic sector of the southern region of Ukraine. That is why the study of the morphological and morphodynamic conditions of the Dzharylhach distal end is relevant and has a very important economic emphasis.\u0000Research aim is to determine the modern morphological and morphodynamic conditions of the Dzharylgach spit distal part development, based on the materials of field and remote studies. Following research objectives would facilitate the achievement of this aim: a) to define the distal end concept and to describe the morphodynamic diversity of the accumulative forms’ corresponding component; b) to analyze the morphological conditions of the Dzharylhach spit distal end and to determine its constituent parts; c) to determine the quantitative parameters of the coast’s dynamics within the distal end based on the materials of field research, GPS‑fixation of coastal landforms and analysis of satellite images of different ages; d) to compare the results of remote sensing with the materials of the Global monitoring of beaches and determining the morphodynamic trends of the Dzharylhach spit distal end development.\u0000Research object is the Dzharylhach spit distal end. Research subject is the morphological and morphodynamic conditions of the Dzharylhach distal end development.\u0000Research methodology. A comprehensive approach was used to study the morphological and morphodynamic features of the Dzharylhach distal end, which was based on the analysis, comparison, and systematization of field geomorphological leveling materials, GPS‑fixation of the coastal landforms position, analysis of satellite images and Global remote monitoring of beaches. 27 ISSN 2303-9914 Вісник ОНУ. Сер.: Географічні та геологічні науки. 2022. Т. 27, вип. 2(41)\u0000Research results. The distal end of any free coastal accumulative form is its morphological component, which is as far as possible from the place where the form leaned against the bedrock coast. From the outside, the distal end has the appearance of a cape with an adjacent shoal, which protrudes towards the seawater area. In dynamic terms, the distal end is the most active component, which is an indicator of the modern conditions of the entire coastal form development. According to the features of coastal processes taking place within the distal end, they are divided into progradational, dynamic-stable and retrogradational.\u0000The Dzharylhach ","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131980625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF TERRITORY PLANNING AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS: FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT","authors":"S. Shynkarenko, M. I. Nikolayeva","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268756","url":null,"abstract":"Problem Statement and Purpose. In this article, the author reveals the peculiarities of territory planning and settlement systems using a diachronic approach to analyzing scientific literature and available materials. The paper examines the settlement process of ancient cities, the Middle Ages, the stages of industrial and scientific-technological revolutions, the period of development of the service economy, and the modern post-industrial era.\u0000Data & Methods. This study uses a diachronic approach to the analysis of material based on the comparison of data from different eras. In addition to the specified method, the author used indirect quotations that were organically woven into the text in analyzing literary sources.\u0000Results. The analysis highlights such models of territorial planning and urban development as the theory of concentric zones, the sector model, the multiple nuclei model, the exploitative model, the mixed scanning approach, and others. A postindustrial or informational and communicative model of territorial planning, when the main systemic factor is the system of communication interaction, characterizes territory planning in the 21st century. Communication unites the city’s residents and guests in creating, distributing, processing, and selecting a feedback mechanism regarding relevant arrays of primary and secondary information. In addition, the planning of territories and settlement systems must meet environmental safety criteria, be aesthetically attractive, have reliable and safe engineering and transport infrastructure, ensure comfortable population living and meet the factors of economicbenefit. The importance of religion and relevant organizations in territorial planning is emphasized separately. Taking into account the approaches to planning territories and settlement systems, the general features of the process were highlighted.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIBUTE TO THE LIFE OF ACADEMICIAN NAN OF UKRAINE, EVGENIY SHNYUKOV","authors":"V. Yanko, V. M. Kadurin, A. Kravchuk, S. Kadurin, V. P. Usenko, G. G. Zolotarev, O. Dikol","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268764","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the life and activities of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Academition NAN of Ukraine Evgeniy Shnyukov. Professor Shnyukov was a world-famous Soviet and Ukrainian scientist, founder of the discipline of marine geology in Ukraine, and Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was born on March 26, 1930 in the city of Arkhangelsk, located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River, and he passed away on November 1, 2022 in Kyiv at the age of 93. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and a highly honored researcher, having been twice a laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology. His scientific interests were extremely wide and were covered by more than 700 publications. He was the first among geologists to come to the conclusion that, as a maritime state, Ukraine was obligated to develop marine geological research. Akademician Shnyukov promoted the exploration of marine geology at Odessa I. I. Mechnikov State University, constantly and fruitfully working with scientists of the Department of General and Marine Geology as its chief scientific consultant. With great respect, he spoke about our successes and treated the staff of the department and students with great warmth. His integral feature was that he treated great scientists and young employees with equal respect. He loved Odessa very much, called it his “Little Motherland,” and often visited to conduct joint expeditions in the Black Sea and along its coast as part of joint domestic and international scientific projects. He also organized international scientific conferences. In 1992, by decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Department of Marine Geology and Sedimentary Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was established, with E. F. Shnyukov appointed as its head. Until his last breath, Shnyukov worked tirelessly to confirm the status of Ukraine as a maritime state and to provide it, through research, with energy resources and raw materials. The scientific achievements of Akademician Shnyukov include his founding of a new direction in the field of sedimentary ore formation – the metallogeny of mud volcanism – with which he contributed to the expansion of the mineral and raw material base of Ukraine. In fact, he is the “father” of marine metallogeny. An outstanding and talented scientist, a person full of vital optimism, a sense of humor, benevolence, sensitivity, and an outstanding personality – Evgeniy Shnyukov will forever remain in the hearts of his friends and colleagues, as well as everyone who knew him, communicated and worked with him, respected him, and loved him.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115800566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY OF UKRAINE, SOIL SCIENCE AND LAND CADASTRE OF ODESSA UNIVERSITY – 55TH ANNIVERSARY!","authors":"A. О. Buianovskyi, Ye. N. Krasekha, V. Trigub","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268763","url":null,"abstract":"In the structure of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University University in 1967, the Department of Soil Science and Geography of Soils was established (since 2017 – the Department of Geography of Ukraine, Soil Science and Land Cadastre), the main tasks of which is the study of modern soil-forming processes in chernozems of the steppe zone, mainly under conditions of irrigation and drainage, and soil mapping and lands in order to rationalize their use. In connection with the 55th anniversary of the operation of the Department at the University, the proposed publication highlights the history of the establishment and development of the Department, the main directions and achievements of educational and research activities.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123039856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FEATURES OF DEHUMIFICATION OF CHERNOZEMS OF THE PRYDNISTERSKA UPLAND","authors":"Yaroslav Vitvitskyi, V. Haskevych","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257531","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. In the structure of the soil cover of the Prydnisterska upland, the area of chernozems is 4 060 km2. The overall rate of plowing up of the territory reaches 80%. The agricultural use of chernozems led to the transformation of almost all processes and properties, but these changes were most reflected in the humus state. A decrease in the intake of organic matter and an increase in its mineralization led to an active manifestation of dehumification. Therefore, the study of this problem will provide a scientific basis for effective fertility management, analyze the current state and propose measures to restore the ecological stability of chernozems at the regional level. The purpose of the research is to characterize the dynamics of the humus content in the chernozems of the Prydnisterska upland during the industrial period (from the beginning of the 20th century to the present), as well as to analyze the extent of the manifestation of dehumification of chernozems in flat and slope areas. To achieve this goal, the following were carried out: the field stage of work on the selection of soil samples, laboratory analytical studies of the humus content, analysis of data from archival materials and the results of preliminary studies on the relevant topic. The object of the research comprises typical chernozems and podzolized chernozems of the Prydnisterska upland. The subject of the study is the humus content of the arable horizon (0–20 cm) of chernozems of flat and slope relief with varying degrees of erosion.\u0000Data & Methods. The study of the problem of dehumification of chernozems of the Prydnisterska upland was carried out using generally accepted methods: comparative-geographical, comparative-analytical and comparative-profile. Archival materials of soil science expeditions, statistical data of preliminary agrochemical surveys and our own research results obtained during 2019–2020 (research sites “Savyntsi», «Ruda», «Basivka» and «Kadyivtsi») were used for a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the humus content in chernozems over the last century.\u0000Results. Analysis of the data on the humus content in the chernozems of the Prydnisterska upland during the industrial period, at different times, confirmed the active manifestation of dehumification. The intensification of agriculture in the region, neglect of soil protection technologies and insufficient application of organic fertilizers have led to the formation of a negative humus balance. For 106 years (from 1914 to 2020), the humus content of the chernozems of the Prydnisterska upland has decreased by 30–45%. The most intense losses of the organic component have been recorded by the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century. The total loss of humus by chernozems during this period amounted to 36–48 t/ha. According to the accepted estimates of the humus content, the chernozems of the study area in modern soil management conditions are characterized as low-humus with a humus content (3–4%).","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CELLULOSOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SOILS OF THE ODESA CITY","authors":"S. Domuschy, V. Trigub","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257533","url":null,"abstract":"Problem Statement and Purpose. Cellulose cleavage is of great importance in the carbon cycle, as it contains more than 50% of all organic carbon in the biosphere. This is a fairly stable organic compound that is destroyed only by very strong oxidants. Under natural conditions, the destruction of cellulose is carried out by various microorganisms that produce cellulase enzymes.\u0000The activation of cellulose decomposition is influenced by temperature, pH level, soil aeration, biological properties of vegetation, etc.\u0000Being very resistant to physicochemical factors, cellulose is easily decomposed by microorganisms with the release of carbon, which in the form of various compounds is involved in creating soil fertility. Cellulose is broken down by aerobic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and anaerobic mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria.\u0000The peculiarity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms is their high demand for nitrogen sources. Soil-destroying soil microorganisms are the most important suppliers of organic matter to various groups of microorganisms (including nitrogen-fixing) in the common food chain. Since the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms also depends on the presence of available phosphorus and other elements in the soil, the degree of decomposition of fiber can be considered to reflect the direction of microbiological processes in general.\u0000Cellulolytic activity indicates the intensity of biological processes in the soil. The more intensively the cellulose decomposes, the faster the biological cycle of elements takes place and the fuller the plants are provided with nutrients. Therefore, cellulose activity is used as one of the indicators of biological activity of the soil environment.\u0000Data &Methods. The author, in the study of cellulosolytic activity of soils in the city of Odessa, used the method of applications (laying in the soil strips of filter paper or linen cloth fixed on the glass). Applications were laid vertically in the upper 15-cm layer of soil of 5 pieces on the site. A month later, they were dug up, carefully washed from the soil and decay products, dried and weighed again. Cellulolytic activity was determined by weight loss of exposed tissue.\u0000Results. As a result of research on the study of cellulolytic activity of soils in the city of Odessa, it was found that cellulolytic activity is an important indicator of the intensity of destructive processes in the soil. The intensity of cellulose decomposition in the soil is determined by the combined action of several factors: weather conditions, the nature of vegetation, the amount of organic matter entering the soil, soil type, its physical properties, chemical composition. In an urban environment, the intensity of cellulosolytic processes is also regulated by the nature and degree of anthropogenic impact on soil, atmosphere and vegetation. The intensity of cellulose destruction in the city soils is estimated to be very weak, weak and medium. The cellulolytic pr","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129766465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORY OF CREATION AND CURRENT STATE OF THE OVOSELSKY-ROZHKOVA DAM (KUYALNITSKY LIMAN)","authors":"O. B. Murkalov, O. O. Stoyan, Yu. D. Romsytska","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257528","url":null,"abstract":"Problems Statement and Purpose. The Kuyalnitskiy estuary is located within the northwestern estuary coastal region, in the interfluve of the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers. This is a closed estuary, which is separated from the sea by an embankment and has no direct connection with it. Nature management in the estuary basin during the 19th‑20th centuries was carried out disregarding the natural territorial regularities and led to a critical condition of the geosystem of the reservoir. Hydrotechnical engineering on the banks and waters of the Kuyalnitsky Estuary was aimed at regulating the hydrological regime in order to create favorable conditions for salt precipitation. One of these structures is an unexplored Novoselsky-Rozhkov dam.\u0000Data & Methods Measurements were carried out using geodetic rail 3 m long, being on the rubber boat. Determination of depths and coordinates was carried out after the boat stopped at the measurement point. Аlong with measurements were determined the depths above the flooded crest of the hydrotechnical structure. The surface of the dam was explored by walking routes. The position of the boat and points on the dam was determined by Garmin GPS72H navigator. Depths were determined with an accuracy of 0.01 m. The studies were carried out under conditions of complete calm; during measurements at a temporary water measuring post no level fluctuations were recorded.\u0000Results. One of the hydrotechnical objects that exist in the water area of the estuary is the Novoselsky -Rozhkov dam. Dam was built in 1858–1859. to transform the Kuyalnitsky estuary into salt-forming self-sedimentary lake. Initial parameters of the dam: length – 2929 m, width along the top – 6.4 m, width in the lower part – 17.1 m. The height of the structure did not exceed 1 m above the water level due to constant subsidence on soft soils in the estuary. During the 165 years of its existence, the above-water part of the dam was destroyed by floods. The parameters of the underwater part and the axis of the structure remained close to the initial ones: length – 2900 m, average top width –14.2 m. The modern surface profile of the dam has a concave shape and is the same as the bottom profile. The dam affects the natural system of the Kuyalnitsky estuary as an artificial relief form: it causes the accumulation of material at the bottom and near the shore in the southern corners of the structure; water temperature rise in coastal shallow waters and above the surface of the dam by 2–3 0 С was noted in comparison with the water masses of the nearby water area.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128582550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NATURAL FEATURES AND HYPOTHESES OF ORIGIN NEASHORE BARS IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF NON-TIDAL SEAS","authors":"Y. Shuisky, G. V. Vykhovanetz, A. Davydov","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257530","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of the research. The article considers the origin, morphology and dynamics of unique forms of coastal-marine relief in the coastal zone of non-tidal seas, under the influence of the hydrogen factor, an exceptionally strong potential of mechanical energy, sufficiently large reserves of sand deposits (fractions of 0.05–1.00 mm), active influence of wave impulses and wave currents in the zone of energy dissipation, active nanoexchange between the shore and the underwater slope. It is shown that this issue has a long history of scientific research in different countries due to its important practical significance. Long years we researching the alongshore sand drifting between C. Bol. Fontain in North to Jebriyan Bay in South as a experimental natural object of the North-Western part of the Black Sea.\u0000Theoretical elaborations and methods. Among the natural features of the named landforms, the researchers distinguish 8 leading ones, which are manifested only in the environment of the coastal zone. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to consider the genetic hypotheses of the formation of underwater sand bars in the coastal zone of the seas over the past 100 years, and on this basis – to outline, evaluate, analyze several hypotheses about the formation of bars, show their positives and disadvantages, name the genetic features for the physical geographical. coastal environments As part of the eight most important and most common features, we have identified the following: distribution of wind wave sizes and wave current velocities; the value of the steepness of the underwater slope covered with sediments; value of sediment sizes and hydraulic value of coastal zone sediments; some processes of wave transformation and dispersion of wave energy; certain individual processes of sediment movement of different hydraulic magnitudes in a cell of a sandy coastal zone; steepness of wind waves during storms in the spray source; active action of sand drifts by movement along the coastline and under the influence of the regime of transverse sediments; the nature of underwater swells is different, because one of them moves from the underwater slope to the shore, another – from the shore towards the sea, and the third is dynamically stable.\u0000Main results and conclusions. As can be seen, the main hypotheses and the corresponding features of the formation of underwater swells act on their own, separately from the general process of development of the coastal zone of the seas. Such a principle does not meet the elementary requirements for the definition and evaluation of complex geographic natural systems. This is especially true for the coastal zone of the seas, where all the genetic components of the continental, oceanic, and coastal-marine types interact closely in a complex. They act unanimously. It is from such positions, according to this principle, that underwater sand bars and other coastal-marine landforms should be investigated.\u0000In other elements of ","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL TRANSPORT FORMATIONS OF A BIG CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV)","authors":"I. Kolotukha, O. Kolotukha","doi":"10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257536","url":null,"abstract":"Problem Statement and Purpose. City public passenger transport is one of the essential services, which depends on both the economic complex development and the citizens’ way of life. At the same time, a significant aspect of the public transport system study is its territorial organization. The purpose of the research is to identify passenger transport formations of Kyiv city and provide their classification according to selected criteria.\u0000Data & Methods. In our study, it was of primary importance to choose result-oriented methods. We have utilized the basic scientific methods of socio-geographical research, namely system-structural analysis, analytical-statistical, statistical-economic, comparative-geographical, and cartographic.\u0000Results. Identification and classification of intercity transport formations were carried out according to four classification criteria: scale (intracity transport hub, center, point), functions (formations based on objects receiving external passenger flows; formations based on objects regulating domestic passenger flows; transfer points), the volume of passenger traffic (large, medium, small) and the degree of modality (very complex, complex, medium, simple). As a result of the research, 9 large, 13 medium, and 18 small inner-city transport hubs were identified in Kyiv.\u0000According to the functional feature, three levels of passenger transport formations should be distinguished: transport formations near railway stations, railway stations, airports, bus stations, which receive and send external passenger flows directed to the city; transport formations, which mainly regulate intra-city passenger flows, first of all, metro stations, as well as several high-speed tram stops, some stations of the city electric train; railway stops, platforms, terminals of public transport, where passengers are picked up, dropped off and transferred from one vehicle to another. The highest degree of modality (very complex) is typical for the Central Railway Station, ‘Vydubychi’ and ‘Pochayna’ junctions, ‘Darnytsia’, ‘Beresteiska’ metro stations are complex.","PeriodicalId":398162,"journal":{"name":"Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130019000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}