World Economy and International Relations最新文献

{"title":"The Transformation of the ISIS’s Strategy in Libya","authors":"A. Vasil’ev, Spiridonovka Str. Moscow Russian Federation, N. Zherlitsina","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-101-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-101-108","url":null,"abstract":"В статье анализируются перспективы присутствия террористической организации ИГИЛ1 (ДАИШ) в Ливии после поражения в 2016 г. В этой стране с 2011 г. по настоящее время идет разрушительная гражданская война, ставящая под сомнение само существование ливийской государственности и создающей почву для распространения в регионе (и в целом в Средиземноморье) радикализма и преступности. Хотя ливийским властям при помощи международного сообщества удалось лишить ИГИЛ опорного пункта в Сирте в 2016 г., радикальная организация смогла восстановиться, реорганизоваться и вновь претендует на то, чтобы определять дальнейшую судьбу Ливии и Сахеля.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132901343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Wars – between Myth and Reality","authors":"Валерий Конышев, Р. А. Парфѐнов","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-56-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-56-66","url":null,"abstract":"В статье изучается концепция гибридной войны, которая стала особенно популярна после обострения отношений между Украиной и Россией. К ее особенностям относят комбинирование традиционных и иррегулярных методов противоборства. На основе критического анализа доктринальных документов и экспертных оценок США и России делается вывод, что данное понятие не имеет устоявшихся определений ни в военной, ни в политологической литературе. На примере операции в Крыму 2014 г. показано, что в отношении России концепция гибридной войны используется западными экспертами в политизированном виде для отождествления гибридной войны с внешней политикой государства, доказывая ее милитаристский характер.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128060866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Deterrence: Concepts and Risks","authors":"Дворкин Владимир Зиновьевич","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-50-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-50-55","url":null,"abstract":"Among the existing forms of exchange of massive nuclear strikes between strategic nuclear forces of Russia and the United States (first disarming, launch-on-warning, and retaliation strikes), launch-on-warning is the one that poses the biggest risk. The decision to carry out this type of strike can be made within a few minutes based on data from an early warning system. Since there is no way to completely rule out the possibility of errors in generation of that data, the main focus in the concept of nuclear deterrence should be made on the retaliation strike. This strike posture has always been used as a rationale for the composition of Strategic Rocket Force and Navy forces which focus on ensuring that weapons can survive a disarmament first strike from a potential adversary. This would allow more time for decision-making regarding the use of nuclear forces; therefore, due to the increased vulnerability of informational systems, the principles of a retaliation strike should be given more attention in planning operations involving strategic nuclear forces. Early warning systems should be used first and foremost for the global monitoring of missile and carrier rocket launches, i.e. monitoring accidental (unintended) and provocative missile launches, as well as for assessing nations’ compliance with the Missile Technology Control Regime.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Transformation in the Socio-Labor Sphere: New Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"L. Lebedeva, Khlebny Per. Moscow Russian Federation","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-42-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-42-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an overview of digital transformation challenges concerning labor relations, workforce and social safety net programs regulations, with focus on the IT skills shortage, limited digital proficiency, the widening gap between college graduates and labor market needs. The current debate is for the most part being focused on the declining demand for labor force. And much more attention should be devoted to the ways digitalization is changing the structure of jobs and shifting the demand for skills. Though young people are more likely than older workers to have digital skills, a large number of them also join those who neither be employed, nor in education or training. And among new forms of employment, many of them do not qualify for different benefits which traditionally go along with the job place, such as employer-sponsored pension plans, health insurance, etc., and demand new social guarantees. So, the lack of government policy in bridging digital divide between the labor qualification and the demand for new skills among different groups of population (by age, income, other factors) may retard national digital development. Existing institutions and regulation systems need to be modernized in order to respond to digital changes. The federal agency on the digital platform should have wide range of functions, providing a framework that outlines key goals and objectives to ensure building digital entrepreneurial ecosystems; to aid, counsel, assist and protect employees, identifying key trends at the national and regional levels. Among the main directions of such agency’s activities – reskilling and training programs to prepare people for the employment challenges in partnership with business and colleges; through an extensive network of field offices and partnerships with public and private organizations.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116012256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalization vs Nation State: the retrogradation?","authors":"K. Kholodkovskii","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"In early 21st century, in various parts of Europe and America there have been attempts of backsliding from free movement of people and capitals inherent to globalization era, and restoration of full sovereignty of a nation state. Presenting features of this trend are different: nationalist forces’ coming to power in Eastern Europe, Brexit, election of D. Trump as U. S. President, the populists’ victory in parliamentary elections in Italy. The Populism of diverse colors becomes a driving force of such attempts. The tendency mentioned above is based on a widespread dissatisfaction with the neo-liberal character of globalization coming from domination of international monopolies and oligopolies in this process, which neglect the variety of local conditions and prioritize their own vested interests. The supremacy of the market element gives important advantages to the strongest, the most mobile and faster developing participant of the process, not taking whichever national and social interests in consideration. At the same time, free cross-border displacement of human flows creates conditions for erosion of the European Christian identity, facilitates the appearance of hotbeds of the Islamic terrorism. Within the boundaries of the European Union, a protest against the bureaucratic character of integration processes regulation merges into the discontent with consequences of neo-liberal globalization. The abovementioned crisis trends make us address the experience of the past. The political crises of the contemporary history, which caused wars and revolutions, were often construed as harbingers of an inevitable collapse of the existing development model (suffice it to recall the forecasts of Karl Marx and his followers). However, not the death of capitalism was a result of historical evolution, but its reformation and the emergence of social welfare state. The crisis affiliated to globalization may have similar effect. There are quite a number of proposals aimed at the EU reforming. Efforts to improve or сounteract at least the most vivid flaws of globalization processes are not excluded. This brings up the question about a subject or subjects of such attempts. The populist movement claims an actor’s role. Yet there are doubts that it is able to play this role. At the same time, the civil society now takes on greater and greater importance in the sequence of events. Quite possibly, not only a national civil society could seriously contribute to reforming of globalization processes, but a gradually shaping global civil society using modern communication media as well. The experience tells us also that, first of all, consideration for and harmonization of national interests should become a direction of reforming, which means not only a complicated system of agreements between nation states and their associations, but gradual and far-reaching improvement of global governance institutions. However, the global civil society is hardly homogenious, and given ","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122289775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governmental Programs of Small Business Support in the USA","authors":"В Заболоцкая","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"Проанализированы особенности, недостатки и преимущества федеральных правительственных программ государственной финансово-кредитной и гарантийной поддержки субъектов малого предпринимательства Соединенных Штатов Америки. Дана оценка их эффективности в 2009–2018 гг.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133921084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Трансформация национального государства в условиях меняющегося мирового порядка","authors":"V. Pantín, V. Lapkin","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-95-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-95-104","url":null,"abstract":"В статье проанализированы в сравнительной перспективе на примере стран – членов Евросоюза и стран постсоветского пространства основные факторы и тенденции трансформации национального государства под влиянием глубоких социальных и политических сдвигов в современном мире. В ЕС основными факторами трансформации оказываются многочисленные кризисные изменения в сферах демографии, массовой инокультурной миграции, идентичности, этнополитических процессов и пр. Исследуется широкий спектр соответствующих адаптивных политико-институциональных трансформаций государства-нации. В полиэтнических постсоветских обществах, как показывают авторы, форсированное формирование национального государства приводит к серьезным социальным, культурным и политическим конфликтам, таящим угрозу глубокой деградации национальной государственности.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123939659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Challenges as Domestic Modernization’s Driving Force: World Experience","authors":"A. Volodin","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-84-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-84-94","url":null,"abstract":"В статье рассматривается роль внешних вызовов (военно-политического давления и демонстрационного эффекта) в модернизации обществ в условиях асинхронности мирового развития. Сопрягая концепты “вызова-и-ответа” Дж. Тойнби и “экономического превосходства” Ч. Киндльбергера, автор предлагает идею “общества-авангарда”, то есть социума, программирующего основные параметры модернизации “догоняющим” народам. С распадом советско-американской биполярности и дезинтеграцией Pax Americana геополитическое строение современного мира усложняется, тогда как стремление завоевать статус “общества-авангарда” формирует сложно-полиморфный облик непрерывно изменяющейся Ойкумены. В новом, уплотняющемся мире фактор внешнего вызова приобретает центральное значение.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132146272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Грезы и реальности контроля над вооружениями","authors":"A. Arbatov","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"На фоне всеобъемлющего кризиса системы и режимов контроля над ядерным оружием в настоящее время образовались три новых направления мысли политиков и экспертов, влияющих на институты власти ведущих государств. Их можно условно обозначить как “неоястребы”, “идеалисты” и “ревизионисты”. Все они на различающихся основаниях предлагают упразднить контроль над вооружениями по прежним стандартам. Однако при ближайшем рассмотрении становится очевидно, что динамичные перемены миропорядка и военных технологий не только не отменяют нужды в договорах по контролю над вооружениями, но делают их еще более важными, чем прежде, для российской и международной безопасности.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122204841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Глобальное управление в сфере миграции: теория, институты, политика","authors":"V. Malakhov, Ranepa, Vernadskogo Prosp. Moscow Russian Federation","doi":"10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-10-89-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-10-89-96","url":null,"abstract":"Исследуется феномен глобального управления в сфере миграции в его теоретических, институциональных и политических аспектах. Автор показывает, что о глобальном управлении применительно к миграции можно вести речь лишь как о совокупности различных административных режимов. Это так называемое многоуровневое управление, в котором сосуществуют управленческие институты субнационального, национального, макрорегионального и наднационального уровней. Что касается глобального управления в смысле институциализированного процесса наднационального менеджмента в сфере миграции, то оно представляет собой не более чем wishful thinking, носителями которого выступают представители международной бюрократии, с одной стороны, и гражданские активисты, – с другой. Поскольку основными акторами мировой политики остаются национальные государства, разговоры о наднациональном управлении миграцией будут оставаться просто риторикой. Противоречия между государствами слишком велики, чтобы они пошли на передачу компетенций в управлении сферой миграции на наднациональный уровень.","PeriodicalId":398103,"journal":{"name":"World Economy and International Relations","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}