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Thornthwaite-Holzman model for a wide range of daily evaporation rates Thornthwaite-Holzman模型适用于大范围的日蒸发速率
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-11-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008846
J. Almedeij
{"title":"Thornthwaite-Holzman model for a wide range of daily evaporation rates","authors":"J. Almedeij","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008846","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs meteorological data from a weather station located in a coastal desert area in Kuwait, with a wide range of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and evaporation measurements. The data have been used to test the well-known theoretical aerodynamic model of Thornthwaite-Holzman. The results show that the performance of this model is satisfactory for evaporation rates up to 10 mm/day, but there is an obvious systematic shift in accuracy beyond that from 10 to 40 mm/day. It is noted that the specific humidity difference proposed in the original model was assumed to have a linear correlation with evaporation rates. The study suggests modifying this assumption to become rather of a power form. The modification produced acceptable results based on subjective statistical criteria. This modification will help in extending our ability for analysing hydrological problems in different environments of high or low evaporation rates.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A groundwater ecosystem classification - the next steps 地下水生态系统分类-下一步行动
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-11-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008847
P. Serov, Laura Kuginis
{"title":"A groundwater ecosystem classification - the next steps","authors":"P. Serov, Laura Kuginis","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008847","url":null,"abstract":"To manage the diverse range of groundwater dependent ecosystems (or GDEs), they must first be grouped appropriately in a logical and meaningful manner. An ecohydrogeological classification system for GDEs is presented. This classification was developed to protect high value water dependent ecosystems including groundwater dependent ecosystems. The need for a new classification system for this specialised group of ecosystems became apparent when the existing classifications could not adequately encompass, characterise, order, or prioritise the large number of known GDEs. In this paper, we review the previous classification systems that have included groundwater ecosystems worldwide and discuss the attributes and ecological drivers used. This paper focuses particularly on GDEs occurring in Australia. A new, more comprehensive classification scheme for aquifers is also presented based on structure, lithology and degree of confinement.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Multiple regression modelling approach for rainfall prediction using large-scale climate indices as potential predictors 以大尺度气候指数作为潜在预测因子的降雨预报的多元回归建模方法
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006789
H. Rasel, M. Imteaz, F. Mekanik
{"title":"Multiple regression modelling approach for rainfall prediction using large-scale climate indices as potential predictors","authors":"H. Rasel, M. Imteaz, F. Mekanik","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006789","url":null,"abstract":"Some studies established the associations with different climate indices (Southern Oscillation Index, Indian Ocean Dipole and Southern Annular Mode) and seasonal rainfalls of different parts of Australia. Nevertheless, maximum predictability of South Australian rainfall was only 20% with individual effects of potential predictor. To establish a better relationship for South Australian spring rainfall prediction, this paper presents two further investigations: 1) relationship of lagged climate indices with rainfall; 2) combined influence of these lagged climate indicators on rainfall. Multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling was used to evaluate the influence of combined predictors. Three rainfall stations were selected from South Australia as a case study. It was revealed that significantly increased rainfall predictability has been achieved through MR models using the influences of combine-lagged climate predictors. The rainfall predictability ranging from 41% to 45% has been achieved using combined lagged-indices, whereas maximum 33% predictability can be achieved using individual climate index.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Assessing irrigation network performance based on different climate change and water supply scenarios: a case study in Northern Iran 基于不同气候变化和供水情景评估灌溉网络性能：以伊朗北部为例
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006788
Z. Dehghan, F. Fathian, S. Eslamian, J. Adamowski
{"title":"Assessing irrigation network performance based on different climate change and water supply scenarios: a case study in Northern Iran","authors":"Z. Dehghan, F. Fathian, S. Eslamian, J. Adamowski","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006788","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to investigate the performance of irrigation networks under climate change, through a case study of a sprinkler irrigation network in Bilesavar, Northern Iran. In this study, the performance of the irrigation network was evaluated using WaterGems in terms of the equity and the adequacy of pressure, and minimum and maximum velocity at the outlets based on different scenarios. The results showed that ETo may be around 6% higher than the baseline (1971-2000) by 2010-39, and 12% higher by 2050-79, consequently, irrigation requirements may be higher in the future. Owing to climate change, it was seen that the irrigation network may experience challenges in terms of pressure and discharge supply. With increasing demand on the network, equity and adequacy indices of pressure distribution were seen to decline. In order to adjust to these changes, adaption strategies such as changes in the area of cultivation showed the greatest impact in reducing the volume and demand of water in the network. In general, the results showed that the various potential climate change scenarios may have a significant impact on irrigation network performance.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Analysis of drought transitions using log-linear models in Iran 利用对数线性模型分析伊朗的干旱转变
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006792
M. Bahrami, A. Zarei, Safie Chakav
{"title":"Analysis of drought transitions using log-linear models in Iran","authors":"M. Bahrami, A. Zarei, Safie Chakav","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006792","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the frequencies of drought categories are evaluated by SPI index in monthly time scale using data of seven stations in Iran. SPI index data of total period (60 years) sets were divided into three periods of 20 years and a log-linear model approach has been used to investigate differences relative to drought class transitions among these three periods. The drought class transitions were measured for three periods to form a three-dimensional contingency table. According to the results in Mashhad, Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, Esfahan and Kerman stations had no significant changes at 95% level to number of drought classes, in Zahedan station the drought severity had increasing trend. Results show that the drought behaviour in second period is similar to the third. If just the second and third periods were compared it could be concluded that droughts were aggravating and this behaviour could be attributed to climate change.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Climate change fingerprints in lower Euphrates basin: Climate and flow data trend analysis 幼发拉底河下游流域的气候变化指纹：气候和流量数据趋势分析
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006798
M. Imteaz, Wesam Mahmood, Khaled Anowar Sagar, A. Yilmaz
{"title":"Climate change fingerprints in lower Euphrates basin: Climate and flow data trend analysis","authors":"M. Imteaz, Wesam Mahmood, Khaled Anowar Sagar, A. Yilmaz","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006798","url":null,"abstract":"It is expected that climate change will affect the global weather, snow coverage and ice melting, sea level rise, hydrological cycle, agriculture and forests, ecosystems and health. One of the most affected areas of climate change is hydrology and water resources. In addition to adverse impact of climate change, increasing uncontrolled abstractions from the upper basins is likely to worsen the situation in the lower basins. Euphrates River, the longest in Western Asia, originates from the Armenian highlands and flows through Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The lower Euphrates River basin is predominantly in Iraq and likely to be affected by climate change. Owing to constant rise of water demands, to achieve a sustainable water management policy it is necessary to assess the impacts of climate change in the region. To assess trends of precipitation, temperature and streamflow to determine whether climate change impacts have already started in the lower Euphrates basin, two popular non-parametric trend analysis methods, Mann-Kendall and Spearman's rho tests, were applied in this study. Based on the time series data, a significant rising trend in temperature and a significant decreasing trend in streamflow were observed, which would be an important perception for policy making pertaining to water resources management in the lower Euphrates basin.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47158091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Precipitation change assessment over upper Bagmati river basin using regional bias corrected GCM data 使用区域偏差校正的GCM数据评估巴格马蒂河上游流域的降水变化
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006800
B. Mishra
{"title":"Precipitation change assessment over upper Bagmati river basin using regional bias corrected GCM data","authors":"B. Mishra","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006800","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change impacts on precipitation pattern have been assessed over upper Bagmati river basin, Nepal. General circulation model (GCM) projections, which are widely used to assess climate change impacts, consist of significant biases due to oversimplification of the global climate system. Bias in daily GCM precipitation was corrected at grid cell scale using regional quantile-based bias correction technique. In this technique, bias correction pattern is established by comparing GCM grid data with nearby observation station data. Concepts of homogeneous precipitation regions were used to transfer statistical characteristics of nearby observation stations to ungauged cells. Calibration and validation of the regional bias correction technique was performed over 1979-2003. Comparative precipitation change assessments were carried out at annual, monthly and daily time scales considering bias corrected precipitation data of 1979-2003 and 2075-2099 periods respectively.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introducing hydrochemical diagnostic tools to differentiate sources of salinity, Southern Iran 伊朗南部引入水化学诊断工具来区分盐度来源
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006790
Ali Kouchekzadeh, M. Zarei
{"title":"Introducing hydrochemical diagnostic tools to differentiate sources of salinity, Southern Iran","authors":"Ali Kouchekzadeh, M. Zarei","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006790","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater quality in Southern Iran is typically degraded by a variety of salinity sources including seawater intrusion, saline lakes, salt diapirs, geothermal springs and groundwater evaporation. Twenty three sampling sites from the five major salinity sources of Southern Iran were sampled in order to evaluate the skill of conventional hydrochemical methods, and to propose new diagnostic tools for differentiation of the salinity sources. The samples were analysed for major ions and minor constituents of lithium, bromide, strontium, boron and more than thirty trace elements. The results indicate that the conventional methods are not practical to differentiate salinity sources of Southern Iran. Ion ratios of Na/Cl, Cl/Br, Li/Cl and B/Cl are more or less useful indicators for primary identification of some salinisation sources. However, the proposed composition binary diagrams of Br/Cl vs. Li/Cl, Sr/Cl vs. Li/Cl, and SO4/Cl vs. Li/Cl and ternary diagrams Li-Cl-Br, Sr-Li-Br and Cl-Li-B are the most feasible and confident tools to differentiate salinity sources of the study area. Finally, investigating the hydrochemical results of saline waters from different countries justifies that our proposed diagrams can be extensively used for differentiation of salinity sources with some calibration especially for the district of evaporation.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Rainwater tank analysis tools, climatic and spatial variability: a case study for Sydney 雨水箱分析工具、气候和空间变异性：悉尼的一个案例研究
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10006791
M. Imteaz, M. Moniruzzaman, M. Karim
{"title":"Rainwater tank analysis tools, climatic and spatial variability: a case study for Sydney","authors":"M. Imteaz, M. Moniruzzaman, M. Karim","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10006791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10006791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents analyses from a recently developed daily water balance model (eTank), which calculates rainwater tank outcomes under three different climatic conditions (i.e., dry, average and wet years). For comparison, eTank calculated results were compared with two other continuous simulation type water balance models, CSWBM and 'Raintank Analyser'. It is found that CSWBM produced water savings and reliabilities significantly at variance with the eTank calculated water savings and reliabilities. However, it is shown that a widely used tool, 'Raintank Analyser', calculated water savings that closely match the eTank calculated water savings in an average year, which is reasonable and supports eTank's accuracy. Further, eTank was used to present expected climatic variations in water savings in Sydney, as well as expected spatial variations within the city.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"251-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Application of ensemble methods for classification of water quality 集成方法在水质分类中的应用
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-04-25 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004524
M. Sakizadeh
{"title":"Application of ensemble methods for classification of water quality","authors":"M. Sakizadeh","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004524","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater pollution in Shoosh Aquifer located in Khuzestan Province, Iran, was considered, using an eight years time period data set collected from 30 sampling wells. Cluster analysis rendered a dendrogram where 30 sampling wells were grouped into three statistically significant clusters. The classification methods, k-nearest neighbour and classification tree, were utilised to classify sampling stations, with respect to the level of pollution. The optimum tree depth and number of neighbours were determined by 4-fold misclassification error which both had an error of 0.167. An ensemble was created using these base classifiers. In addition, considering the small sample size of our data in this study, random subspace as a feature selection method was amalgamated with k-nearest neighbour ensemble. The misclassification errors of classification tree and k-nearest neighbour ensembles were 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. The results of this study confirmed the high accuracy of ensemble methods for data classification.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"114-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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