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Urbanisation and hydraulic geometry response: a model approach 城市化和水力几何响应：一种模型方法
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-05-03 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407
O. Adeyemi, O. Fashae
{"title":"Urbanisation and hydraulic geometry response: a model approach","authors":"O. Adeyemi, O. Fashae","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407","url":null,"abstract":"As the process of urbanisation continues within a river basin, the response of river channels within the basin alters, resulting in a variety of responses. This study seeks to understand the impact of urbanisation on the discharge hydrograph of the Ona River using the hydrological modelling system (HEC-HMS). The hydrograph of the basin shows that the present discharge of the channel is 5,177.32 cumecs with a peak time of 10.52 minutes, while the moderated channel response due to increase in the level of urbanisation discharges 5,342.19 cumecs and peaks at 10.45 minutes. This shows that urbanisation contributes to increase the volume of discharge. The exponents (b, f, m) of the downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) of the river, 0.15, 0.28, 0.57 respectively, indicates the variability within these three variables downstream and supports the view that as f and m increase, b decreases for cross-sections studied within the basin.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部生活供水现状及雨水收集前景
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182
C. Nnaji, G. Edeh, J. P. Nnam
{"title":"Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"C. Nnaji, G. Edeh, J. P. Nnam","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182","url":null,"abstract":"Two major cities (Enugu and Abakaliki) in Southeastern Nigeria were investigated in order to ascertain rainwater harvesting practices and prospects for supplementing available supply. The methods employed include: distribution of questionnaires for the determination of water consumption and supply specifics, and rainwater harvesting practices; and use of optimisation to maximise water storage for dry season supply. The per capita water consumption for Enugu was 23.7 lpcd, 34.45 lpcd, and 67.05 lpcd for low income, middle income and high income groups respectively; while that for Abakaliki was 15.56 lpcd, 28.08 lpcd, and 50 lpcd respectively for the three income groups. In Enugu, 47%, 61.8% and 37.9% of the low income, middle income and high income groups respectively practice RWH. While in Abakaliki, the corresponding proportions are 67.2%, 48.8% and 46.9%. Rainwater can meet 100% of the water consumption of low income group of both cities for bungalows and up to five-storey buildings housing 72 residents.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Modelling and sensitivity analysis of river flow in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan 巴基斯坦上印度河流域河流流量模拟与敏感性分析
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173
F. Khan, J. Pilz
{"title":"Modelling and sensitivity analysis of river flow in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan","authors":"F. Khan, J. Pilz","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, it is important to model the average and extreme phenomena in earth sciences disciplines such as hydrology under uncertain and changing climate conditions. The issues become more important when we deal with reservoir management, flood forecasting and irrigation. In this paper, we model the average and extreme river flow in the Indus River at the Upper Indus Basin. For modelling average river flow, we utilised the popular classes of time series models including the autoregressive integrated moving average and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. For modelling the extremes, preference is given to probability distributions dealing with extremes in the tails. Starting with different models and distributions we finally choose the one which performs best among the competing models and distributions, respectively. Finally, when modelling extremes we noted that different probability distributions may be used for the same data, depending on whether interest is in lower or higher order moments.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42804928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater level in an arid area 干旱区地下水位时空分析
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176
Abbas Alipour, S. Hashemi, S. Shokri, M. Moravej
{"title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater level in an arid area","authors":"Abbas Alipour, S. Hashemi, S. Shokri, M. Moravej","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable management of precious groundwater resources is vital to growth, especially in arid areas which they heavily depend on. In this study, monthly groundwater level time series of 322 observation wells in Sistan and Balouchestan province of Iran in the period 2002 to 2012 were used as a measure of sustainable development. Results show that 95.6% of areas of the province aquifers are non-stationary. In addition, 5.5%, 13.7% and 80.8% of studied wells show no increasing and decreasing trend at 5% significance level. Spatial analysis reveals that the groundwater levels of 7.3%, 11.3% and 81.6% area of groundwater resources have increased, sustained or decreased, respectively. According to calculated slope of trends, the province has experienced –69.72 (MCM) decline in groundwater resources per year in past ten years. It means that sustainable development criteria were totally neglected. Increasing in water use efficiency in the agriculture sector by 6% and of water reuse by 78% will solve the issue.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Hydraulic interconnections study of Seropan-Ngreneng-Bribin underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area using tracer technique Gunung-Kidul岩溶地区Seropan-Ngreneng-Bribin地下河流水力相互作用示踪研究
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178
P. Sidauruk, R. Prasetio, Satrio
{"title":"Hydraulic interconnections study of Seropan-Ngreneng-Bribin underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area using tracer technique","authors":"P. Sidauruk, R. Prasetio, Satrio","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178","url":null,"abstract":"Series of studies have been conducted to investigate the hydraulic connection between Seropan underground rivers with other underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Stable isotopes composition, hydrochemical contents of collected samples from several sources around Seropan cave together with tracer tests that have been conducted in the area have helped us to establish hydraulic connection of Seropan underground river with adjacent underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Several tracer tests that have been conducted in the study area have revealed that subsurface water flowed from Seropan to Ngreneng cave with average travel time about six hours and 13 minutes. Analyses of breakthrough curves found from the tracer tests hinted that the flow is a direct flow with large well developed conduit without any significant delay due to water depressions and dead zones. Although downstream flow paths of Seropan underground river were successfully determined, however, upstream hydraulic connection were not been established. Future study should focus on the upper part (upstream) of Seropan cave.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42963187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Comparison of two statistical climate downscaling models: a case study in the Beijing region, China 两种统计气候降尺度模型的比较——以北京地区为例
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177
Binbin Guo, Jing Zhang, Tingbao Xu
{"title":"Comparison of two statistical climate downscaling models: a case study in the Beijing region, China","authors":"Binbin Guo, Jing Zhang, Tingbao Xu","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change can have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle. This article focuses on the comparison of the statistical down scaling model (SDSM) and the automated statistical downscaling model (ASD), which are applied to global climate model (GCM) predictions for the Beijing region. Through the analysis of the evaluation indices in the calibration and validation periods, the results show that both downscaling models simulate the temperature and evapotranspiration well, but the simulation of precipitation is not as good as that of other climate factors. The overall performance of ASD model is slightly superior to that of SDSM model, especially in the process of predictor's selection. The future climate change downscaled by the two models shows an analogous trend as well. The temperature and evapotranspiration show a general increasing trend. The precipitation shows a different trend with an increasing trend in the south and a decreasing trend in the north.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48195141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Evaluating water productivity of tomato, pepper and Swiss chard under clay pot and furrow irrigation technologies in semi-arid areas of northern Ethiopia 评价埃塞俄比亚北部半干旱地区番茄、辣椒和甜菜在泥罐和沟灌技术下的水分生产力
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2018-03-06 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180
Amanuel A. Gebru, A. Araya
{"title":"Evaluating water productivity of tomato, pepper and Swiss chard under clay pot and furrow irrigation technologies in semi-arid areas of northern Ethiopia","authors":"Amanuel A. Gebru, A. Araya","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180","url":null,"abstract":"Managing irrigation water is among the critical issues to address food insecurity under climate change and variability conditions. Irrigation is suggested as one of the adaptation practices commonly implemented to reduce climate related risks. However, there is scarcity of water in many drylands and identifying an efficient and effective irrigation system is crucial. A comparative study was undertaken between bar-shaped clay pot and furrow irrigation on tomato, pepper and Swiss chard crops in northern Ethiopia during the cropping season of 2014/2015. Results were compared on the basis of yield, water productivity and economic performance. The yields of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were increased by up to 51, 32 and 30%, respectively, in bar-shaped clay pot irrigation system as compared to the control. Water saving was also considerably increased by 40.6, 41.2 and 41.7% for the respective crops as compared to the control. Similarly, the water productivities of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were 10.9, 4.2, and 1.8 kg m–3, respectively. Further research on the suitability of bar-shaped clay pot irrigation on various soils and crops is recommended.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Application of artificial neural networks to predict peak flow of Surma River in Sylhet Zone of Bangladesh 人工神经网络在孟加拉国Sylhet地区Surma河洪峰流量预测中的应用
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-11-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850
A. A. Ahmed, Syed Mustakim Ali Shah
{"title":"Application of artificial neural networks to predict peak flow of Surma River in Sylhet Zone of Bangladesh","authors":"A. A. Ahmed, Syed Mustakim Ali Shah","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850","url":null,"abstract":"River flow analysis and prediction is an important task in water resources planning, particularly for a disaster-prone agricultural country like Bangladesh. The present study used two ANN models namely radial basis function (RBF) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to analyse Surma River flow and estimate its peak flow concentration based on five input parameters. The performances of selected models were measured using the correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE) and model efficiency (EFF%). However, RBF network model performed better than MLP network model with high model efficiency (99.55%), low mean squared errors (38.60) and high correlation coefficient (0.996), where the optimum number of neurons was 18 for RBF and 22 for MPL network. Moreover, the proposed ANN models could be used successfully in estimating the peak-flow of the Surma River, which would facilitate water resources management policy of this region.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Intricacies, challenges and implications: the governance of Tadlac Lake, Baños, Laguna, Philippines 复杂性、挑战和影响：菲律宾拉古纳巴尼奥斯Tadlac湖的治理
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-11-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.088047
Bing Baltazar C. Brillo
{"title":"Intricacies, challenges and implications: the governance of Tadlac Lake, Baños, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"Bing Baltazar C. Brillo","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","url":null,"abstract":"Grounded on the lacuna in literature - the scarcity of scholarly works on lake governance and small lakes in the country, and the notable transformation of Tadlac Lake - from a threatened and poorly regulated lake to a potential model for governance and ecotourism development, this article documents the small lake and examines its governance specifics, challenges and implications. It argues that the governance of Tadlac Lake can be characterised as intricate, watershed-based, hierarchical, participatory and centralised. It also contends that the lake's development - its transformation from an aquaculture-based lake into an ecotourism-oriented lake - illustrates a key lesson for developing small lakes in the country. To close, the article hopes to instigate more governance studies on lakes, particularly small lakes, owing to their number (in the country and globally) and the fact that in the country, many are surrounded by impoverished communities.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Variation in rainfall trend at upstream - a threat towards filling schedule of Hirakud Reservoir, India 上游降雨趋势的变化——对印度Hirakud水库蓄水计划的威胁
International Journal of Water Pub Date : 2017-11-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844
K. Gupta, A. K. Kar, Joygopal Jena, D. Jena
{"title":"Variation in rainfall trend at upstream - a threat towards filling schedule of Hirakud Reservoir, India","authors":"K. Gupta, A. K. Kar, Joygopal Jena, D. Jena","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844","url":null,"abstract":"This study is focusing on the possibility of trend in monthly rainfall of upstream districts of the Hirakud reservoir of Mahanadi basin of Odisha applying Mann-Kendall test. Out of the other monsoon months, almost 19 districts show falling rainfall trend in September at 5% significance level. However, the inflow to reservoir shown declining trend during month of August and no trend in rest monsoon months. As the month of September is sensitive towards filling of reservoir as well as for flood control, the falling trends of rainfall will definitely put an alarm for the planner. The effect of climate change as well as changes in land use and storing/releases of upstream reservoir are suspected for the irregularities found in the pattern. The integrated basin management is also the call of the time for smooth operations of all the reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48983479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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