Conflict Resolution Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"SPEDR In Non-Statutory Adjudication Systems: Reshaping Efficiency and Enforceability of Construction Dispute Resolution","authors":"Apoorvi Shrivastava,&nbsp;R. Venkataraghavan","doi":"10.1002/crq.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The construction industry is often fraught with disputes that lead to costly and time-consuming litigation or arbitration, which further causes exorbitant delays and hampers justice. This necessitates the need for quick and robust dispute settlement. Thus, adjudication as a conflict resolution mechanism has gained prominence in the construction sector for its ability to provide fast and interim binding decisions. However, many countries, such as India and those in the Middle East, still lack a statutory adjudication framework to address the hurdles to achieving swift and enforceable resolutions, resulting in an indefinite, aggravated issue. Therefore, it is required to adopt a process that manages and resolves conflicts with the least escalation risks. Against this backdrop, the paper critically examines whether the UNCITRAL SPEDR Adjudication Clause can effectively resolve the persisting challenges in the non-statutory adjudication systems. The UNCITRAL SPEDR Clauses 2024 were developed and adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law at its 57th session in New York to enhance efficiency, customize solutions and emerge as a tool to address the prevalent loopholes in construction dispute resolution. Grounded in Transaction Cost Theory and Procedural Justice Theory, the study assesses the potential of the SPEDR Adjudication Clause to reduce dispute settlement costs and enhance procedural fairness, thereby strengthening enforceability among the parties. The paper further analyses the applicability, legal recognition and practical benefits of the UNCITRAL recommended SPEDR Adjudication Clause in construction contracts of both domestic and international contexts within India and the Middle East. The effectiveness of the clause is also examined with empirical data drawn from construction professionals in India and the Middle East through a cross-sectional survey with comparative reference to other adjudication mechanisms. 95% of the survey respondents supported the SPEDR Clause adoption, citing enforceability and procedural efficacy as primary advantages. The comparative study with other existing adjudication mechanisms reflected that the SPEDR Adjudication Clause, combining sector-specific adjudication with compliance arbitration, can address the existing limitations by providing quick and expert-driven enforceable arbitral awards. Subsequently, the study suggests considering the integration of the SPEDR Adjudication Clause in construction contract standards and arbitral institutions' processes to optimize the dispute resolution process, thereby redressing the amplification of conflict and strengthening the compliance dynamics in the construction domain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the US Bridgebuilding Field: Situating Organizations in the Ecosystem of Social Change","authors":"Gabrielle Mathews,&nbsp;Karen Ross","doi":"10.1002/crq.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the ecosystem of bridge-building initiatives in the United States. Drawing on an original database of 223 organizations, interviews with 7 staff across 6 organizations, and a literature review related to bridge-building, polarization, and collective action, we first describe the range of existing initiatives and their areas of focus. We then explore the work of these organizations in terms of their contributions to scaling the bridge-building field as well as the focus of many on community-level issues and collaboration, which enables a shift from talk to action and contributions to social change. Our findings provide empirical support for the concept of “massively parallel peacebuilding” (Burgess and Burgess; Burgess et al.); they also illustrate alignment between bridge-building and systemic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crq.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Mediation in Plural Cities A Contextual Theory of Identity, Power, Trust, and Grassroots Ownership","authors":"Martin Magmarigen Kwan Ken Wong","doi":"10.1002/crq.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community mediation was conceived as a community-based alternative to courts, yet dominant models were elaborated in relatively homogeneous settings. High-density, multiracial and multireligious cities generate recurring disputes in shared spaces, but also amplify identity meanings, structural inequalities, and legitimacy concerns linked to dense institutional fields. These plural city conditions shape who enters mediation, how parties participate, and whether outcomes endure. This article advances a contextual theory that starts from these urban conditions and specifies four interdependent dimensions that structure community mediation trajectories: identity configuration, power asymmetries, institutional trust, and grassroots ownership. A process model explains how these dimensions operate across entry, preparation, facilitated interaction, and implementation, and how they form recognizable configurations that widen or narrow the range of plausible outcomes. The theory is grounded through a practice-based qualitative analysis of anonymized program documents and reflective case materials, reported through four composite vignettes. The article offers testable propositions for evaluation and a parallel community-learning loop that supports collective sensemaking beyond individual cases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Card Shufflers and Antitrust Litigation: An Arbitration Perspective","authors":"Tariq K. Alhasan","doi":"10.1002/crq.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines an American Arbitration Association (AAA) class action proceeding in which Mohawk Gaming Enterprises LLC alleges that Light &amp; Wonder Inc. and L&amp;W Gaming Inc. fraudulently obtained and enforced patents, thereby monopolizing the market for automatic card shufflers and violating Sections 2 and 3 of the Sherman Act. Although centered on the gaming industry, this dispute typifies how patent- or monopoly-related arbitration controversies can arise in various sectors from pharmaceuticals to technology, highlighting broader questions about collective redress of widespread economic and social harms. Central to the dispute is whether class-wide arbitration is permissible under the AAA Supplementary Rules, which require that putative class members share sufficiently similar arbitration clauses and present common legal and factual issues. The Arbitrator found that the prerequisites of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of both class representatives and counsel were satisfied. Moreover, despite variations in some arbitration clauses, the Arbitrator deemed them “substantially similar,” rejecting Respondents' reliance on Lamps Plus v. Varela to demand explicit consent from each class member. Concluding that class arbitration is a superior mechanism for resolving widespread claims of inflated pricing, the Arbitrator stayed the Award for potential judicial review, thereby underscoring the evolving landscape of antitrust enforcement and class arbitrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"569-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crq.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudan at War With Itself: Civilian Devastation in the Civil War","authors":"Daniel Rothbart,&nbsp;Bayan Abubakr,&nbsp;Beltina Gjeloshi,&nbsp;Dieter Pfoser","doi":"10.1002/crq.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A civil war is raging in Sudan between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) along with militia groups. Beginning on April 15, 2023, and continuing at least to this writing (October 15, 2025), civilian noncombatants have been subjected to bombings, beatings, torture, shootings, rape, and murder on a large scale. Since the war began, 61,000 war-related deaths (including preventable starvation and disease) in Khartoum State alone from April 2023 to June 2024. More than 12 million Sudanese are forcibly displaced, which is more than any other country. Additionally, 24.8 million people need humanitarian assistance as of May 14, 2024. Of course, the task of transiting to peace is enormous. One dimension of this task is the prosecution of perpetrators of human rights violations. Toward that goal, we present the findings of a research project carried out in 2024 that was commissioned by the United States Department of State and contracted by MITRE (an NGO in the United States). Known is the Sudan Conflict Observatory (SCO), the project's objective was to document, preserve, analyze, and disseminate evidence of possible war crimes, mass atrocities, and other gross human rights abuses committed by combatants during the current conflict in Sudan. The purpose of such documentation was to provide evidence for future possible prosecution of violators of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Researchers of SCO sought to address the following questions: What is the evidence of such assaults on civilians?; Who are the perpetrators of such assaults?; and How can such assaults be documented for purposes of possible prosecution of perpetrators? The primary objective of this article is to present portions of the findings of SCO. These findings reveal the following conclusions: (1) Three forms of civilian devastation represent normalized tactics by SAF and RSF: (a) indiscriminate attacks on civilians, (b) systematic destruction of health care facilities, and (c) gender-based violence. (2) The evidence of such attacks suggests multiple violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) regarding the rules of warfare. (3) Additionally, these attacks represent practices of systemic dehumanization in which civilians are cast as eliminable and so are subject to total domination.</p>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"599-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crq.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148111060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Identity Meaning and Attitudes Toward War, Peace, and the Future of Ukraine","authors":"Karina V. Korostelina,&nbsp;Ksenia Bakhtiarova,&nbsp;A. Zakharchenko,&nbsp;O. Rohalov,&nbsp;V. Molotsiian,&nbsp;O. Zakharchenko,&nbsp;M. Fursenko","doi":"10.1002/crq.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The link between attitudes and social identity is complex, influencing perceptions, motivations, and actions. Social psychological research mainly focused on the role of attitude in identity formation, particularly in the contexts of social movements and collective action. However, there is a visible lack of research on attitude-identity interactions during violent conflicts and in non-American settings. Using the concepts of homogenization or diversification of identities and war attitudes, the present study explores how the ongoing war in Ukraine influences identities, attitudes, and interactions between the two. Based on an analysis of 50 interviews with opinion makers in Ukraine, this research demonstrates that the existence of a significant Russian-speaking minority in Ukraine, as well as other ethnolinguistic minorities, leads to contesting attitudes and meanings of identity as the population struggles to make sense of the war and the nation. As a result, distinct patterns of interconnections between national identity and attitudes toward the war emerge, demonstrating the diversification dynamics of identity and attitudes in this case. We identified ethnocultural, civic, and multicultural meanings of national identity, each connected to a specific set of attitudes toward the war, peace, and the future of Ukraine. Thus, while the war increased social cohesion in Ukraine, attitudes toward the conflict and the nation's future differ significantly depending on the meaning of national identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"613-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crq.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148114916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution Within the National Green Tribunal in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Amidst Rising Human–Wildlife Conflict: Insights From India","authors":"Nikita Tiwari,&nbsp;Arpit Totuka","doi":"10.1002/crq.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development that aims to promote sustainable management of natural resources and protect the natural ecosystem of the earth. However, rising incidents of Human–Wildlife Conflict (HWC) globally pose a significant challenge as stated in a joint report by WWF (Worldwide Fund for Nature) and UNEP (UN Environment Program) that HWC is as much a development and humanitarian issue as it is a conservation concern and needs more attention to achieve SDG. In this regard, the role of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) by utilizing alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms becomes pertinent as it serves as a pivotal forum for addressing environmental disputes and securing environmental justice. Since India lacks appropriate legislation to cope with the HWC situations, this paper seeks to explore the potential of ADR within the NGT framework in managing HWC and its contributions to securing SDGs in India. Additionally, the study intends to examine the challenges faced by NGT in utilizing ADR and suggests reforms to enhance its functionality. The research is significant in light of the shifting dynamics of environmental protection and sustainability and aims to offer a legislative framework or appropriate adjustments to existing legislation upon the grounds of findings, which are crucial at this point due to the depletion of biodiversity and the detrimental effect on ecological balance. To achieve the stated objectives, the study employs a doctrinal methodology for comprehensive analysis of various secondary sources including reports, policy decisions, legislations, judicial decisions, and current practices. The study encounters certain limitations due to the scarcity of research carried out to explore the impact of ADR methods in managing HWC, which will serve as a foundation for further investigations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"655-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148113162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Styles in B2B Negotiation Impasses: A Dual Lens Perspective","authors":"Tissa Dissanayaka,&nbsp;Ajantha S. Dharmasiri","doi":"10.1002/crq.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Negotiation impasses damage relationships, tarnish reputations, and jeopardize opportunities for value creation. In the business-to-business (B2B) context, these impasses can devastate organizations through financial losses, strained relationships and disengaged partnerships. While existing studies focus on how negotiation styles drive successful negotiation outcomes, they neglect their role in leading to impasses. Therefore, this study explores this gap by examining how negotiation styles influence the relationship between antecedent factors and the formation of distinct impasse types. This conceptual paper suggests a novel theoretical framework to guide future empirical research. We developed a dual lens perspective (DLP) combining core principles of Attribution Theory and Dual Concern Theory to understand how negotiation styles influence the formation of B2B impasses. By exploring how negotiation styles shape the formation of impasses, this study advances theoretical insights for academia. It further equips practitioners to anticipate, adapt, manage, and prevent unwanted or forced impasses by using an actionable framework across diverse B2B contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"505-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148119415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Conflict in the Fergana Valley: An Integrated Approach to Border Dynamics and Conflict Resolution","authors":"Rakhmanali Bekmirzayev","doi":"10.1002/crq.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines ethnic conflicts in the Fergana Valley region (1989, 1990, 2010) through an integrated theoretical framework that connects border politics, identity formation, and conflict resolution approaches. Drawing on original fieldwork conducted between 2020 and 2023, including 47 semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders and regional experts, this research identifies how Soviet-era border demarcations continue to shape contemporary interethnic relations. Our analysis reveals that effective conflict resolution depends not on resource abundance but on the quality of resource management institutions and grassroots peacebuilding mechanisms. We analyze how territorial contestations interact with resource competition, demographic pressures, and governance challenges to produce recurrent conflict patterns, while demonstrating how local communities develop innovative “everyday peace” practices that offer alternatives to formal conflict resolution mechanisms. The findings suggest that effective conflict resolution requires targeted interventions at multiple scales—from local community-based reconciliation processes to transboundary governance mechanisms. This research contributes to both theoretical understandings of ethnoterritorialism in post-Soviet spaces and broader comparative insights for territorial dispute resolution, with implications for similar contexts in the former Soviet Union, post-colonial Africa, and other regions characterized by contested borders and ethnic diversity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"529-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148126386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience Practices and Post-Traumatic Growth Among Sudanese IDPs","authors":"Karina Korostelina,&nbsp;Daniel Rothbart,&nbsp;Beltina Gjeloshi","doi":"10.1002/crq.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper we examine the resilience of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan who have endured various forms of suffering resulting from being targeted or trapped by militants involved in large-scale violence. Upon escaping the conflict zones, the civilians exhibit strength, adaptability, and wisdom in the face of various threats to their wellbeing and survival. For this case study of Sudanese IDPs, we rely on the Four Loop Model of Resilience, which highlights four interconnected components: the structure of conflict, dynamics of identity and power, external resources, and social capacities. These components underpin the practices of resilience exhibited by the displaced community. The Four Loop Model underscores the importance of IDP communities' knowledge production and agency in addressing the complexities of prolonged conflict. Rather than passive victims relying solely for their well-being on external assistance, the participants of this case study shaped their fate through self-reliance in acquiring essential resources, building and nurturing community networks in IDP camps, and offering mutual assistance and support. Our findings not only support the studies that discuss the importance of self-reliance, community engagement, and altruistic behavior for personal and community resilience of IDPs, but also offer novel perspectives on these practices, including the arrival of self-reliance practices from the nested positions within the IDP community, rather than individual perspectives; increased engagement with host communities and other neighboring IDP communities beyond their own communities; and mutual psychological support and trauma healing. Our study also emphasizes the importance of acknowledging micro-dynamics of identity and power within IDP communities, including the salience of religious identity and strong faith. This proactive approach empowers the IDPs to address the challenges of protracted displacement and promote positive transformations within their communities. These IDPs should not be treated merely as aid recipients. Practitioners and policymakers should work to empower them to mobilize their resources and capacities. The programs of external aid should aim at identifying and supporting the practices of resilience developed by the IDP community in Sudan to develop more efficient localized solutions that empower these communities in securing essential resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":39736,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Resolution Quarterly","volume":"43 4","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crq.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148126834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}