The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists最新文献

{"title":"Association of IL-13 rs20541, FOXP3 rs3761548 genes polymorphisms and serum level of IL-13 with allergic asthma in Egyptian patients.","authors":"Ahmed R M Hassan, Amira G M Abdallah, Nagwan A Ismail, Yasmin A Fahmy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interleukin 13 (IL-13) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are frequently linked to increased vulnerability to allergic asthma. Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) is an important molecule in the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg). The genetic variants that alter FOXP3 function may have a role in the development of asthma and other allergic disorders. We aimed to determine the association of IL-13 rs20541, FOXP3 rs3761548 genes SNPs and serum levels of IL-13 with allergic asthma patients. In this case-control study, 41 Egyptian patients with allergic asthma were included. Age and gender matched. 41 normal volunteers were considered the controls. All subjects were examined for IL-13 rs20541 and FOXP3 rs3761548 SNPs by the polymerase chain reaction /restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The serum level of IL-13 was assessed by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AA genotype at IL-13 rs20541 SNP was statistically significantly different between the studied groups (p= 0.042). Also, a statistically significant difference was detected when compared AA genotype to GG genotype as AA genotype was three times at risk for asthma (p1=0.031) (OR=3.95) and A allele increased the risk of asthma by about 3 times (OR=3.2). AA genotype at FOXP3 rs3761548 SNP was statistically significantly different between the studied groups (p=0.013). Also, a statistically significant difference was detected when compared AA genotype to CC genotype as AA genotype was 7 times at risk for asthma (p1=0.003) (OR=7.04) and A allele increased the risk of asthma by about 3 times (p<0.001) (OR=3.07). The serum level of IL-13 was statistically significant different between both groups (p<0.001). We can conclude that IL-13 could be a useful tool for predicting allergic asthma. Patients with AA genotype of IL-13 rs20541 and AA genotype of FOXP3 rs3761548 have a higher risk for developing allergic asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunostimulant effect of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) on humoral and cellular immunity cells and their functions.","authors":"Soukaina Laaraj, Ibtissam Ouahidi, Nada Al Moudani, Abdellatif Boukir, Samira Jaouhar, Lotfi Aarab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to assess the immunomodulatory effects of Phoenix dactylifera (dates) fruit, a traditional remedy used by Moroccans to enhance immunity against pathogens. This research sought to evaluate the impacts of this fruit on immune cells and their functions. To achieve this, we conducted tests using date extracts on splenocytes, thymocytes, and macrophages, focusing on their functions: antibody production, phagocytosis, and T-lymphocyte toxicity. The results obtained demonstrated that the aqueous extract of P. dactylifera fruit exhibited significant immunostimulatory effects on humoral immunity. It achieved this by enhancing complement activity and increasing splenocyte (including B-lymphocytes) proliferation by 142.5% compared to control cells. Similarly, in the same conditions, there was notable stimulation of cellular immunity through thymocyte activity, resulting in a remarkable increase in cell proliferation (225%) and a boost in thymocyte function (245.9%), which plays a role in safeguarding against cancer. Moreover, the date extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. This was evident in the increased phagocytosis activity mediated by macrophages under the ethyl acetate extract, effectively eliminating pathogens. Assessing the cosmetic potential of date extracts showed that the ethyl acetate extract possesses both anti-inflammatory and strong antioxidant effects, exhibited high photo absorption of ultraviolet-B rays. Based on these findings, we propose to study the utilization of this extract for sun protection as a sunscreen. Furthermore, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the most active compounds present were flavonoids. These outcomes substantiate the traditional usage of this fruit for reinforcing immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori present in caries sample among dental caries patients.","authors":"Zainab K Ahmad, Baha H H Al-Amiedi, Thulficar G H Al-Khafaji, Sinan A Shwailiya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori is Gram negative bacteria, the reason for causing peptic ulcer. There is suggestion between the presence of H. pylori in oral cavity and gastritis. The present study aimed to detect H. pylori in dental caries samples. The study included 29 dental caries patients from both sexes (13 males and 16 females), with different age groups (children and adult), and nine apparently healthy subject as a control group (2 males & 7 females). Dental caries samples were collected and investigated for this study from patients with dental caries who visited the Dental Faculty in the College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq. H. pylori antigen was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Of the 29 dental caries patients, 19 (65.51%) patients were positive for H. pylori antigen test. Most of them were in the age group 20-30 (9 patients) & 30-40 (8 patients). The age groups (10-20) & (40-50) years shows 100% positivity for H. pylori antigen. Also, result was recorded significant higher difference's between H. pylori positive antigen between dental caries patients and H. pylori positive antigen among control group. (t=2.697,df=5, p≤ 0.05). Pearson correlation recorded significantly higher association between the presence of H. pylori antigen and the dental caries infection among test group (r=1, p≤ 0.000), 4 (44.5%) of the 9 control subjects, without dental caries, were positive for H. pylori antigen test. In summary, the H. pylori positive antigen test was recorded in both dental caries patients (65.51%) and in the control group (62.5 %). In conclusion, H. pylori antigen was present in dental caries patients. This could indicate that the bacteria H. pylori present in dental caries samples may contribute to caries processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-155 is a potential predictive tool for atopic dermatitis severity in children: A preliminary study.","authors":"Lobna A El-Korashi, Ola E Nafea, Alaa E Nafea, Basma M Elkholy, Lamia L Elhawy, Amina A Abdelhadi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatological disorders in childhood. Assessment of AD severity is the initial step in designing the proper therapeutic plan. Moreover, it is imperative for evaluation of disease improvement during and following therapy. This study was designed to assess the prognostic role of miRNA-155 (miR-155) in the prediction of AD severity as the primary outcome. While the secondary outcome was to correlate the serum miR-155 expression levels with the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) severity index. This case-control study included 24 children with AD and 24 apparently healthy children as a control group. AD children were stratified according to the SCORAD severity index. Approximately 58% of children had mild AD, 25% moderate AD, and about 17% severe AD. Children with AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels in comparison to the control children, (p < 0.001). Children with severe AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels compared to mild AD children (p=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for miR-155 demonstrated that miR-155 can differentiate between children with mild AD and those with moderate-to-severe AD, with an area under the curve of 0.879, and an excellent discrimination power. A statistically strong significant positive correlation existed between miR-155 levels and SCORAD severity index (rs= 0.666, p < 0.001). In conclusion, MiR-155 could be considered as a non-invasive biomarker of AD severity in children. It is a promising prognostic tool in the prediction of AD severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of miRNA expression and IFN-γ serum level as biomarker for the development of Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Baydaa M Abaas, Mayyada F Darweesh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a wide spectrum of sensory, motor, and psychological disorders. Cytokines level and microRNA (miRNA) expression have roles in the disease's progression and the start of a damaging immune response in the central nerve system. This research study aimed to determine the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and microRNA-326 (MiR-326) as prognostic factors for the development of MS disease in relation to different treatments. This case-control study included 100 participants, classified as 80 MS patients and 20 apparently healthy subjects as a control group. IFN-γ level was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression level of micR326 was determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The mean level of serum IFN-γ in MS patients (102.83 ± 15.79 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (61.25 ± 12.51 ng/ml) (p=0.001). A higher concentration of IFN-γ was observed in the secondary progressive form of MS disease relative to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and in comparison, with the controls group, this IFN-γ cytokine level was significantly higher in treatment-naive patients. There was an increase in the mean fold change of miRNA-326 expression in patients (3.1 ±1.65) compared to the control group (1.03 ±0.23). In conclusion, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) has higher IFN-γ serum level than RRMS. MiR-326 may participate in the development of MS and its expression can be a useful biomarker for the prediction of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum calgranulin C as a non-invasive predictor of activity among inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Hany S Rasmy, Noha A Elnakeeb, Mohamed F Mohamed, Hossam S Elbaz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with a relapsing and remitting course. It leads to disabling gastrointestinal symptoms, low quality of life, and a significant burden for healthcare utilization and associated costs. Therefore, non-invasive biomarkers are needed for early diagnosis and follow up to avoid the complications of invasive diagnostic procedures. Calgranulin C is a calcium binding protein with proinflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum calgranulin C as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis and prediction of activity in comparison to different biomarkers and endoscopic activity scores in inflammatory bowel disease. The study included 80 inflammatory bowel disease patients (50 Ulcerative colitis and 30 Chron's patients) and 20 normal controls. Complete blood picture, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin and serum calgranulin C were measured. Colonoscopies with histopathological examination were done and different activity scoring systems assessed. Among ulcerative colitis group, serum calgranulin C was statistically significantly higher in comparison to control group [723.640±529.055 ng/ml versus 80.850±24.416 ng/ml]. Depending on the American college of gastroenterology ulcerative colitis activity index, fecal calprotectin and serum calgranulin C were statistically significantly higher among moderate to severe ulcerative colitis than those with mild activity and those in remission (p < 0.001, for both). Regarding Crohn's disease group, serum calgranulin C was statistically significantly higher in comparison to control group [759.233±797.963 ng/ml versus 80.850±24.416 ng/mL]. Depending on Crohn's disease activity index, both serum calgranulin C and fecal calprotectin were statistically significantly higher among active disease than those in remission (p < 0.001, for both). In conclusion, serum calgranulin C could be used as a non-invasive marker to predict activity and severity and to ensure remission among inflammatory bowel disease patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor 7 like 2 gene polymorphism and advanced glycation end products as risk factors for diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Madeeha Y Bakheet, Ebtsam F El-Karn, Omnia A Mohamed, Ghadeer Abdel Razzak, Eman M Abdelrahman, Walaa A Khalifa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. ACYP2 is a gene that is related to cell differentiation, apoptosis and prevention of malignant tumors. The ACYP2 gene also affects telomere length. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ACYP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs843711), and (rs843706) and incidence of HCC in Egyptian HCC patients. The study included 30 patients with HCC and 30 normal controls. Detection of ACYP2 gene SNPs rs843711, and rs843706 in all study participants was done using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that all participants including HCC patients and controls carried the heterozygous CA (100%) of the rs843706 SNP (p> 0.05). As for the rs843711, 3.3% of HCC patients had the homozygous TT genotype, 46.7% had the heterozygous CT genotype and 50% had the wild CC genotype, while in the control group, 60% had the heterozygous CT genotype and 40% had the wild CC genotype with no significant difference between both groups (p>0.05). We concluded that there was no association between SNPs ACYP2 rs843706 and rs843711 and occurrence of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigate role of miRNA146a and IL-17 level in progressive rheumatoid arthritis disease.","authors":"Wijdan A Faihan, Mayyada F Darweesh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease, involves an intimate relationship between immune cells and cytokines and results in decreased lifespans and higher mortality rates. The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of MicroRNA (miRNA)146a and interleukin-17 (IL-17) as prognosis markers in RA patients. This case-control study included 120 RA patients who visited the Rheumatology unit at Al-Saddar Medical City in the governorate of Najaf, and 30 normal controls. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients and controls. Blood samples were used for measuring IL-17 levels using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and miRNA146a by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed higher frequency of RA in women than in men with elevate incidence in patients aged 40-59 years and 1-2 years RA disease duration of. The level of IL-17 was significantly higher in serum of RA patients compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). IL-17 level was significantly increased among the patients in RA stage 4 (p < 0.0001). IL-17 level was significantly increased in patients without treatment compared with treated patients. The expression of miRNA-146a was significantly higher in the patients' group than control group. In conclusion, IL-17 may play critical role in chronic inflammation and can be used as diagnostic biomarker for RA. miRNA-146a is overexpressed in RA patient relative to healthy individuals and it acts as a negative regulator for IL-17.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-10 as a marker for response to dendritic cells-dribbles immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, a mice model.","authors":"Alia A El Shahawy, Awny A Gawish, Takwa E Meawed, Naglaa M Ahmed, Alshymaa A Ahmed, Amina A Abdelhadi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy is a promising strategy in cancer management, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This experimental study aimed to evaluate interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a biomarker for monitoring the response of tumor-derived autophagosomes vaccine in inducing antitumor immunity in HCC induced mice. It was conducted on 56 BALB/c mice; divided into 20 normal and 36, cancer induced with human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) cells. The latter group was subdivided into a positive control group (n=6) and a treated group (n=30), that was subdivided into 3 subgroups: (A) treated with dendritic cells (DC) vaccine only, (B) treated with vaccine named Dribbles only, and (C) treated with DC plus Dribbles. Serum IL-10 was assessed after immunotherapy. The mean percentage of tumor volume reduction in mice vaccinated by DC plus Dribbles was significantly superior to DC and Dribbles groups (p= 0.013, and p= 0.043, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in IL-10 levels between different immunotherapy groups (p= 0.0003). As the mean IL-10 level was 19.50 pg/ml for the positive control group, 13 pg/ml for Dribbles group, 10 pg/ml for DCs group and 3.50 pg/ml for DCs plus Dribbles group. We conclude that DC-Dribbles vaccine has a remarkable efficacy superior to either Dribbles alone or DC alone in the decline of HCC development and survival improvement. IL-10 is a predictive biomarker for response after immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum calprotectin as an inflammatory marker in psoriatic arthritis patients: Relation to disease activity and musculoskeletal ultrasound findings.","authors":"Fatma M Badr, Hanan M Farouk, Reem A Habeeb, Mohammed A Teama, Magdeldin N I Hamada, Dalia A ElSherbiny","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. The use of inflammatory markers can be disappointing in PsA since they are elevated in only about half of the patients. This study aimed to measure serum calprotectin level in PsA patients and to assess its association with disease activity in PsA (DAPSA) and musculoskeletal ultrasound findings. The study included 50 PsA patients and 30 controls. All subjects underwent medical history, musculoskeletal examination, hand and wrist joints ultrasound, and laboratory assessment. The mean age of patients was 41.04±11.8 years with female: male ratio of 3:2, and the median duration of arthritis 2 years (1-4 years) and DAPSA 25 years (3-84 years). The most common finding in patients by ultrasound was synovial hypertrophy in wrist joint (32%) followed by hand joints (28%). Patients' serum calprotectin level was significantly higher (174.2 ng/ml; ranged 127.5-282.6 ng/ml) than controls 41.4 ng/ml; ranged 19.9-59.8 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Serum calprotectin predicted the occurrence of PsA at cutoff >106.4 ng/ml (with sensitivity 98%, and specificity 86.6%; p=0.001) and predicted synovial hypertrophy in hand joints at cutoff >258.9 ng/ml (with sensitivity 71%, and specificity 83%). There was a significant relation between serum calprotectin with synovial hypertrophy (p=0.004), osteophytes (p < 0.0001), nail affection (p=0.03) and erosions (p=0.01). Serum calprotectin is a more potential predictor for PsA (p < 0.0001) compared to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.005) and C-reactive protein (p=0.001). In conclusion, serum calprotectin level is significantly high in PsA patients. It is associated with small hand joints synovitis and nail changes. This makes it a promising biomarker for defining patients with suspected PsA who do not meet specific disease criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"31 3","pages":"140-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}