Horizonte Médico (Lima)最新文献

{"title":"Tanatomicrobioma e Inteligencia Artificial: la Microbiología Forense de Hoy","authors":"Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Magíster en Medicina Forense, Javier Iván Baltazar-Ramos, especialista en anatomía patológica., Lizbeth Cosme-García, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Ingeniería en biotecnología; técnico superior universitario histotecnólogo y embalsamador., Edmundo Denis Rodríguez, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Magíster en Medicina Forense.","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2025.v25n3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2025.v25n3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic microbiology enables, among other applications, the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI), the identification of individuals, and the location of crime scenes through microbiome analysis and the geolocation of biological remains. Artificial intelligence (AI), together with new sequencing techniques, has revolutionized this field, markedly improving the accuracy and speed of forensic analyses. In this study, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords related to forensic microbiology, IA, and PMI. Inclusion criteria included studies published in English or Spanish, regardless of the publication date. Exclusion criteria included duplicate studies or those that did not address the thanatomicrobiome analysis using AI tools. After the search and selection process, 20 articles published between 2016 and 2024 were analyzed. The f indings show that some machine learning models, such as Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), provide relatively accurate estimates of the PMI. Recent studies focusing on the thanatomicrobiome are emerging as a promising tool in the forensic field, as this microbiome is unique and individualizing. These characteristics render it useful in the various stages of human identification and geolocation in criminal investigations. However, the review underscores the need for studies with larger sample sizes and for exploring the role of microorganisms beyond bacteria, in order to broaden and enhance the research landscape in this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"25 3","pages":"e3758-e3758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/download/3758/2341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riesgos en la salud del uso crónico de formaldehído en el ámbito laboral y como componente de productos de alisado capilar","authors":"Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia. Chile. Químico farmacéutico magíster en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Sigrid Mennickent, Sebastián Vera M, Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia. Chile. Químico farmacéutico; magíster en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Carolina Gómez-Gaete, Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia. Chile. Químico farmacéutico. doctor en Farmacotecnia y Biofarmacia, Cristian Rogel-Castillo, Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Chile. Químico farmacéutico;. doctor en Ciencia de los Alimentos","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Formaldehyde is a chemical compound used as a precursor in various industrial processes and hair straightening products. It is classified as carcinogenic in humans. Considering the importance of the topic, this review aims to identify and characterize the health risks that formaldehyde chronic exposure involves and to describe the existing evidence of its main toxic effects as well as the risk factors during the application of this compound in the hair straightening process. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out by using the PubMed database, limiting it to studies conducted between 2010 and 2020. A total of 126 publications were found, for which a relevance analysis was performed, and those that studied the effects after chronic inhalation of formaldehyde in humans were selected. Finally, this search resulted in 75 publications. Among the harmful effects of formaldehyde analyzed in each publication, those present in three or more publications were selected. Based on the results obtained in this review, harmful effects of formaldehyde chronic exposure cannot be ruled out. There is evidence from the literature that corroborates the increase in genotoxic processes in humans, specifically in nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood leukocytes. On the other hand, there is no robust epidemiological evidence that links chronic exposure to this compound and leukemia or nasopharyngeal cancer. Regarding reproductive toxicity, there are reports of miscarriages and low birth weight, even when the exposed subject is the future father. Other pathologies that have been linked to formaldehyde chronic exposure are renal damage, methemoglobinemia, asthma, dermatitis, tumors, skin irritation and burns, eye fatigue and pain, tearing, mood changes, fatigue, sore throat, rhinorrhea and headache. On the other hand, the average concentration of formaldehyde to which a person could be exposed during a hair straightening treatment shows alarming values since it frequently exceeds the least restrictive exposure limits and can reach levels much higher than those experienced by the exposed subjects included in the reviewed epidemiological studies. It is important to have good ventilation and use products with formaldehyde concentrations within the allowed limit.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"24 2","pages":"e2552-e2552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/download/2552/1788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147880390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propuesta de estrategias terapéuticas combinadas para KRAS en cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas a partir de análisis in silico","authors":"Daniela Chapilliquen Ramírez, Universidad de Piura, Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima, Perú. Estudiantes de Medicina Humana, Juan Enrique Faya Castillo, Richard Junior Zapata Dongo, Brenda Moy Diaz, Stefany Infante, Universidad de Piura, Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima, Perú. Magíster en Ciencias - Bioinformática, Universidad de Piura, Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima, Perú. Magíster en Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Piura, Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima, Perú. Química-farmacéutica, Universidad de Piura, Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima, Perú. Magíster en Investigación Biomédica","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer positive for the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK+) gene mutation who also have mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene, such as KRAS G12C, are showing resistance to both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and KRAS inhibitors. Therefore, the interaction between ALK inhibitors and KRAS was analyzed to suggest a synergy between them. Materials and methods: The study performed homology modeling of the KRASwt, KRAS G12C and ALKwt structures. Subsequently, molecular dockings were carried out to determine the binding energy of ALK and KRAS inhibitors and to evaluate the possible interaction of ALK inhibitors with KRAS and the KRAS G12C structure. Finally, the expression in the RAS/MEK pathway was analyzed using the Western Blot technique. Results: The binding energy values show the potential interaction of ALKwt inhibitors, such as crizotinib and alectinib, with the KRASwt and KRAS G12C structures. The binding of crizotinib to KRASwt and KRAS G12C, respectively, indicates interaction energy values (42.77 kcal/mol and 46.20 kcal/mol) which are very similar to those obtained between crizotinib and ALK (42.37 kcal/mol). In turn, alectinib bound to the same site as drugs targeting KRAS and KRAS G12C, and showed interaction energy values (51.74 kcal/mol and 54.69 kcal/mol, respectively) higher than those obtained with ALK (44.94 kcal/mol). Finally, a significant decrease in RAS expression within the RAS/MEK pathway was observed in ALK+ and ALK 1196M lung cancer cell lines treated with crizotinib and alectinib. Conclusions: In silico techniques of this study demonstrate the potential binding of ALK inhibitors (crizotinib and alectinib) to the KRAS structure. In addition, this allows suggesting a possible combined therapy between KRAS and ALK inhibitors for cases of coexistence of both mutations that can be assessed in subsequent trials with cell lines.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"24 2","pages":"e2518-e2518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/download/2518/1803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factores asociados al miedo a la COVID-19 previo al retorno a clases presenciales en una facultad de Medicina peruana","authors":"S. Dextre-Vilchez, Alexandra Fabiola Tapia-Mayta, R. Febres-Ramos, Rocío Paola Vásquez-Mercado, M. R. Mercado-Rey","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the factors associated with fear of COVID-19 prior to returning to in-person classes among medical students.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124809168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nivel de conocimiento de hipertensión arterial en docentes de una institución educativa pública, Lima provincias, 2021","authors":"Diego Rolando Apaza Arzapalo, Milagros Roxana Salinas Quiñonez, L. R. Pantoja Sánchez","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of hypertension (HTN) among teachers of IEP No. 20799 Daniel Alcides Carrión located in Chancayllo, Chancay-Huaral, Local Education Management Unit (UGEL) No. 10, 2021. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study which included the","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125842457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hernia hiatal gigante: presentación de un caso clínico","authors":"Jimy Williams Cuevas Cisneros, Stefanny Rocío Huamán Sayago, Patricia Marisol Mendoza Ccorimanya, Estefany Mosqueira Oporto, Qori Urpi Incarroca Quispe, Dayant Hanna Andrea Jordán Saldaña, Fernando Laurel Montesinos, Chaska Lezama Quispe, Carlos Hesed Virto Farfan","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Giant hiatal hernia is a condition in which more than 30 % of the stomach is displaced upward toward the thorax, thus producing an abnormal protrusion above the diaphragmatic clamp. This can occur by various mechanisms such as alterations at the gastroesophageal junction or diaphragmatic atrophy that can take place due to a number of reasons, including involutional changes, extensive trauma or damage to the phrenic nerve. Most cases are usually asymptomatic; however, when clinical manifestations occur, they vary depending on the size of the herniation and range from chest pain (also epigastric pain), nausea, vomiting to abdominal distension. In case of presenting complications such as gastric volvulus or Cameron lesions, the symptoms include Borchardt’s triad, which consists of abdominal pain and distension, violent vomiting and difficulty passing a nasogastric tube. We present the case of an 82-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency room for severe abdominal pain, severe hematemesis and sensory disorder. On physical examination, pale facies and diaphoresis were observed; on palpation, the main indication was abdominal pain in the epigastric area. Emergency endoscopy was requested, finding a deep ulcer with congestive edges and active bleeding in the lower portion of the esophagus, in addition to observing that part of the gastric fundus and the cardias were herniated toward the thorax. This confirmed the diagnosis of a giant hiatal hernia; however, the treatment was interrupted by the patient when he asked for voluntary discharge after refusing to undergo surgery.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125193863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobina como predictor del recuento de hematocrito y hematíes según edad y sexo en una población de Villa El Salvador en Lima-Perú","authors":"Alberto Guevara Tirado","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the degree of hemoglobin correlation as a possible predictor of hematocrit and red blood cell count according to age and sex in a population of the district of Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, correlational and prospective study carried out with 550 men and 700 women of all ages who attended monthly preventive-promotional health campaigns, as well as routine medical consultations, from January 2021 to June 2022. Collected data consisted of hematocrit, red blood cells and hemoglobin counts. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used. Results: There was a higher prevalence of anemia in the group of women older than 11 years (35.10 %), while hemoglobin levels in most children younger than 11 years were mainly normal. High and positive correlations between hemoglobin and hematocrit close to one were found in all age groups and both sexes. In addition, moderate and positive correlations were found in female infants and girls (Rho = 0.525), female adolescents (Rho = 624), as well as male infants and boys (Rho = 0.597). Conclusions: Hemoglobin levels are highly and positively correlated with hematocrit. Simultaneous hemoglobin and hematocrit testing may be clinically and economically unnecessary in screening and preventive-promotional campaigns on anemia conducted in large population groups. Likewise, hemoglobin correlates moderately and positively with red blood cell in children of both sexes and female adolescents. Further research is needed to deepen the reasons why correlation varies in these groups.","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121881357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radicales libres y sistema antioxidante","authors":"Henry Guija-Guerra, Emilio Guija-Poma","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Free radicals are compounds characterized by having an unpaired electron in their outer orbit, a condition that makes them highly reactive, i.e., they interact through diffusion-controlled reactions with proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. They have also been referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or reactive sulfur species (RSS). In the human organism, they are mainly produced in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where respiratory complexes I and III specifically participate and reduce oxygen by converting it into superoxide anion. Likewise, they can be formed through a wide variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions involving substances that are synthesized by cells or are ingested with food and some medicines. Human beings have an antioxidant system which is both enzymatic and non-enzymatic in nature and whose function is to protect the organism from the harmful action of free radicals. This system includes enzymes—such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin, etc.—and non-enzymatic compounds— such as glutathione, ferritin, myoglobin, etc. However, they are not efficient enough to protect it, so it is necessary to eat foods that contain substances with antioxidant properties whose protective action will depend on their chemical reactivity and their concentration. These antioxidant compounds are mainly found in fruits and vegetables, where polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. have been identified. A significant amount of evidence suggests that","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Síndrome orbitofrontal en un interno con infracciones por secuestro agravado, violación sexual y muerte de una menor de edad","authors":"Andreé Salvatierra, J. Del-Carmen-Sara","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Orbitofrontal syndrome is characterized by disinhibition, impulsiveness, transgression of social norms and sometimes the development of criminal behavior. This is the case of an 18-year-old male offender incarcerated for kidnapping, rape and homicide of a minor. He was evaluated through interviews and the use of the Eysenck personality questionnaire (Form B), Raven’s progressive matrices (RPM), Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (Form A), Differences perception test (FACES-R), Stroop color and word test (SCWT), Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) and Aggression questionnaire (AGQ). The research subject showed age-appropriate speech, language and vocabulary, and had neither physical problems nor attention, language, writing, reading, praxis, calculation, perception and memory disorders. The results highlight a higher-than-average intelligence quotient, optimal cognitive skills","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134418661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuando la razón se nutre de los afectos: reflexiones de jóvenes científicos en los desafíos de la ciencia en Latinoamérica","authors":"L. Freire, Maria Antonieta Daza-Millone, Lina Vanessa Becerra-Hernández, Solange Rosa Paredes-Moscosso","doi":"10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396953,"journal":{"name":"Horizonte Médico (Lima)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}