中华眼科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Traumatic retinal detachment following periocular acupuncture: a case report].","authors":"X C Meng, L Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250911-00376","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250911-00376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 61-year-old female patient presented to the Eye Hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences with a 1-day history of floating shadows and visual impairment in her right eye following periocular acupuncture treatment. Ophthalmic examination revealed a traumatic retinal hole in the nasal mid-periphery of the right fundus, accompanied by localized retinal detachment. The diagnosis was established as penetrating ocular injury (presumed to be caused by an acupuncture needle) and traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye. The patient subsequently underwent laser photocoagulation around the retinal detachment area in the nasal periphery, followed by an exploration of the scleral laceration combined with transscleral retinal cryopexy in the right eye. During the 3-month postoperative follow-up, the retina was well reattached and the retinal hole was sealed. This case underscores the importance of rigorous protocols and extreme caution during periocular acupuncture procedures. Associated injuries must be detected early and managed promptly in order to achieve successful outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"305-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Emphasis on perioperative ocular surface management in cataract surgery].","authors":"H Qi, Y Y Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20260123-00034","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20260123-00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cataract surgery has fully evolved from traditional vision-restoring surgery to refractive cataract surgery, highlighting the growing clinical importance of maintaining perioperative ocular surface microenvironment homeostasis. Based on the\"Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of dry eye disease during perioperative period of cataract surgery (2021)\" and with further in-depth exploration, this article elaborates on four aspects: the relationship between the imbalance of the ocular surface microenvironment homeostasis and dry eye disease during the perioperative period of cataract, the impact of the imbalance on the whole process of refractive cataract extraction surgery, the standardized assessment of the ocular surface status during the perioperative period, and the implementation path of managing the ocular surface microenvironment homeostasis. It emphasizes that perioperative management should focus on preserving ocular surface homeostasis and establishing a comprehensive strategy-preoperative optimization, intraoperative protection, and postoperative repair. This approach aims to provide new insights for clinical practice and further improve the visual quality and patient satisfaction following cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"241-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on intercellular junctions in corneal endothelial cells and their clinical significance].","authors":"C J Feng, J Hong","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251215-00538","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251215-00538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal endothelial intercellular junctions predominantly consist of gap junctions, followed by tight junctions and adhesive junctions. Collectively, these junctions establish a mechanical barrier between corneal endothelial cells and facilitate the maintenance of the cornea's natural dehydration, thereby preserving corneal transparency. While previous studies and reviews have elucidated the correlation between corneal endothelial decompensation and the corneal endothelial cell density, there is a paucity of reviews that specifically address the role of corneal endothelial intercellular junctions and their influence on endothelial function. This review aims to delineate the various types of corneal endothelial intercellular junctions, their respective functions, and their clinical significance. It is important to note that the condition of intercellular junctions significantly impacts a range of biological processes, including corneal endothelial growth and development, healing following injury, and barrier function, and is closely associated with numerous clinical diseases. Investigations centered on intercellular junctions may facilitate a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying corneal endothelial diseases and are anticipated to yield novel insights for the treatment of such conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Influence of capsular tension ring implantation on rotational stability of intraocular lenses: a meta-analysis].","authors":"D H Liu, L X Hu, R Qin, Y Y Liu, T Sun, B K Ma, H Qi","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251130-00506","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251130-00506","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To systematically evaluate the influence of capsular tension ring (CTR) co-implantation on the rotational stability of intraocular lenses (IOLs) following cataract surgery. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies comparing postoperative IOL rotational stability with and without CTR implantation, from inception to June 2025. The primary outcomes were mean absolute IOL rotation and the proportions of eyes with IOL rotation&gt;5°,&gt;10°, and &gt;15°. Secondary outcomes included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), residual astigmatism (RAS), and postoperative complications. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2.0) for RCTs and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for non-randomized studies. Meta-analysis was performed using R software to calculate standardized mean difference (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;) or relative risk (&lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;) with 95% confidence intervals (&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 15 studies (5 RCTs and 10 non-randomized studies) involving 1 536 eyes were included (CTR group: 796 eyes, non-CTR group: 740 eyes), with follow-up durations ranging from 3 to 12 months. At the final follow-up, the mean absolute IOL rotation was significantly lower in the CTR group than in the non-CTR group (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.45, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;:-0.72 to -0.17, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002), with significant heterogeneity among studies (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=80.8%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). Time-trend analysis showed that the stabilizing effect of CTR was not significant at 1 week postoperatively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.084), but became significant at 1 month (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.48, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;:-0.79 to -0.18, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002) and persisted through 6 months or longer (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.52, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;:-0.99 to -0.04, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.033). The proportions of eyes with IOL rotation&gt;5° (&lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.50, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.32 to 0.78, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002) and&gt;10° (&lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.37, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.17 to 0.81, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.014) were significantly lower in the CTR group, whereas no significant difference was found for rotation&gt;15° (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of CTR was more pronounced in Asian populations compared with European populations (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for interaction &lt;0.001) and in plate-haptic IOLs compared with C-loop IOLs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for interaction&lt;0.001). Regarding visual and refractive outcomes, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in UDVA, CDVA, or UNVA (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05), whereas postoperative RAS was significantly lower in the CTR group (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.86, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;:-1.40 to -0.32, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002). No significant differences were found in the incidence of posterior capsule opacification, anterior ca","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chinese expert consensus on the treatment of demyelinating optic neuritis with biologics (2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250525-00247","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250525-00247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the optic nerve. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of biotechnology, novel targeted biological agents have demonstrated unique advantages in the treatment of DON, and the number of approved targeted biologics for clinical use has gradually increased. However, the risks of infections and adverse effects caused by the long-term use of biologics cannot be ignored. How to use various biologics reasonably, effectively, and safely presents a new challenge that clinical physicians must address. The experts from the Neuro-ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neuro-ophthalmology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association have summarized and analyzed the latest clinical research findings on biologics. Combining their clinical experience in Chinese patient populations, they have thoroughly discussed various aspects of using biologics for DON, such as indications, efficacy, infection risks, administration methods, special populations, and safety, reaching consensus opinions. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the standardized use of targeted biologics in the clinical treatment of DON in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"247-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative study on <i>in vitro</i> optical characteristics between refractive and other types of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses].","authors":"F Q Song, H Y Zhang, Q Liu, L L Sun, Y H Dai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251216-00536","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251216-00536","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the differences in optical performance between the novel refractive extended depth of focus (EDof) intraocular lens (IOL), other types of EDof IOLs, and conventional IOLs. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Experimental study. Three non-diffractive EDof IOLs (refractive EDof IOL, wavefront-shaped EDof IOL, rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL), an enhanced monofocal IOL, and a monofocal IOL with a power of 20.0 D were included. Using an in vitro IOL optical performance tester, the modulation transfer function (MTF) at far, intermediate and near foci was measured under 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm pupil apertures, different spatial frequencies and corneal spherical aberration models. United States Air Force (USAF) resolution tests were performed, and simulated visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was calculated. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; At 3.0 mm aperture and 50 line pairs (lp)/mm spatial frequency, the far-focus MTF values in descending order were: monofocal IOL (0.73), enhanced monofocal IOL (0.61), rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL (0.43), refractive EDof IOL and wavefront-shaped EDof IOL (both 0.36). The intermediate-focus MTF values in descending order were: rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL and wavefront-shaped EDof IOL (both 0.15), enhanced monofocal IOL (0.13), refractive EDof IOL (0.06) and monofocal IOL (0.06). At 4.5 mm aperture, the far-focus MTF values in descending order were: monofocal IOL (0.66), enhanced monofocal IOL (0.61), refractive EDof IOL (0.60), wavefront-shaped EDof IOL (0.36), rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL (0.22). The far-focus MTF peak of the refractive EDof IOL was higher at 4.5 mm than at 3.0 mm aperture. The intermediate-focus MTF values in descending order were: rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL (0.14), wavefront-shaped EDof IOL (0.09), enhanced monofocal IOL (0.07), refractive EDof IOL (0.06), monofocal IOL (0.02). USAF resolution test showed that at 3.0 mm aperture, the far-focus image clarity was the best in the monofocal IOL and enhanced monofocal IOL groups, followed by rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL, while refractive EDof IOL and wavefront-shaped EDof IOL were similar; the intermediate-focus image clarity was the best in the wavefront-shaped EDof IOL group. At 4.5 mm aperture, the far-focus image clarity was the best in the monofocal IOL and enhanced monofocal IOL groups, followed by refractive EDof IOL; the intermediate-focus image clarity was the best in the wavefront-shaped EDof IOL and rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL groups. Simulated visual acuity analysis showed that at 3.0 mm aperture, the distance visual acuity of the three EDof IOLs was similar, and the intermediate visual acuity of wavefront-shaped EDof IOL and rotationally asymmetric regional refractive EDof IOL was better. At 4.5 mm aperture, the distance visual acuity of refractive EDof ","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ocular manifestations of Apert syndrome: a case report].","authors":"Y T Liu, J Yang, Y P Han, X Y Wen, J Y Fan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250904-00367","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250904-00367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-year-old boy with bilaterally reduced palpebral fissure opening since early childhood presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The diagnosis of Apert syndrome was based on syndactyly of the fingers and toes, midfacial hypoplasia, proptosis, hypertelorism, and other craniofacial dysmorphic features, and was further supported by molecular genetic testing identifying a heterozygous missense variant in <i>FGFR2</i>, c.758C>G(p.P253R). This case underscores the importance of early recognition and timely intervention for ophthalmic manifestations in Apert syndrome-including proptosis, ptosis, strabismus, amblyopia, and optic neuropathy/atrophy-to avert irreversible visual impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"302-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of HelpMeSee surgical simulation training systems in phacoemulsification cataract surgery training].","authors":"B Zhang, J Li, W He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251212-00528","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251212-00528","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore the application and effectiveness of surgical simulation training in phacoemulsification cataract surgery training. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 10 attending ophthalmologists who received cataract surgery training in our hospital from April 2022 to October 2025 were enrolled as the study subjects. After completing theoretical training and assessment related to phacoemulsification cataract surgery, the participants were randomly divided into a simulator training group and an animal eye training group according to the training protocol, with 5 participants in each group. The simulator training group and the animal eye training group trained using the HelpMeSee surgical simulation system and pig eyes, respectively. After training, each trainee performed step-by-step operations on real human eyes and was assessed with scoring. The overall training effectiveness of the two groups was evaluated, including surgical time, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and corneal edema on the first postoperative day,, and corneal endothelial cell count at one month postoperatively. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The mean age of physicians in the simulator training group and the animal eye training group was (36.40±5.18) years and (35.40±3.85) years, respectively, and the male-to-female ratios were 2∶3 and 3∶2, respectively. During the step-by-step assessment, the scores of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification, and cortical removal in the simulator training group were (5.64±0.56), (6.04±1.56), and (5.82±0.87), respectively, which were higher than those in the animal eye training group [(5.22±0.82), (5.20±2.20), and (5.26±1.43), respectively], and the differences were statistically significant (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The incidence of posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification and cortical removal in the simulator training group was 4% and 2% (2/50 and 1/50), respectively, which was lower than that in the animal eye training group [12% and 6% (6/50 and 3/50), respectively], but the differences were not statistically significant (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05). When independently performing surgeries, the surgical time of the simulator training group was (17.15±1.50) min, which was shorter than that of the animal eye training group [(18.81±1.08) min] (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). On the first postoperative day, intraocular pressure was within the normal range in both groups, but was higher in the animal eye training group than in the simulator training group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05); corneal edema in the simulator training group (0.60±0.50) was also better than that in the animal eye training group (1.12±0.67) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). At one month postoperatively, the corneal endothelial cell count in the simulator training group was (2 257.52±300.05) cells/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, which was higher than that in the animal eye training group [(2 077.40±179.52) cells/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;] (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 4","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of conjunctival melanoma].","authors":"H Liu, Y J Ren, X J Fu, Y M Chen, J Yang, C H Liu, Y Yan, T Lei, H L Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00203","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00203","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of conjunctival melanoma (CoM). &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical, imaging and pathological data of patients diagnosed with CoM from January 2004 to June 2025 at Shaanxi Eye Hospital of Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) and Xi'an First Hospital were analyzed. Some patients were detected for the BRAF V600E mutation. The &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test or the &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; correction test was used for statistical analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 70 patients (70 eyes) with CoM were enrolled, aged (60.8±10.6) years, including 40 males (57.1%) and 30 females (42.9%). There were 33 cases (47.1%) in the left eye and 37 cases (52.9%) in the right eye. The tumor was located at the bulbar conjunctiva in 37 cases (52.9%), at the vault conjunctiva in 24 cases (34.2%), and at the palpebral conjunctiva in 9 cases (12.9%), involving the orbit in 13 cases (18.6%), the eyeball in 3 cases (4.3%), and the lacrimal sac in 6 cases (8.6%). Most patients presented with black nodules or cauliflower-like masses in the conjunctival area. Some tumors were accompanied by superficial vascular hyperplasia and pigmentation of adjacent tissues, while some invaded the cornea or orbit, resulting in clinical manifestations such as visual field defects, exophthalmos and limited movement. Imaging showed irregular soft tissue density shadows at the conjunctival site. According to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the tumor was at the T1 stage in 10 cases (14.3%), T2 stage in 41 cases (58.6%), and T3 stage in 19 cases (27.1%), with superficial ulcers in 6 cases (8.6%). Histopathology results disclosed that 67 cases (95.7%) were of the nodular type, 3 cases (4.3%) were of the superficially diffuse type, 47 cases (67.1%) were of the epithelial cell type, and 23 cases (32.9%) were of the mixed cell type. Sixty-three cases (90.0%) were accompanied by melanin, 32 cases (45.7%) were accompanied by primary acquired melanosis, including 23 cases (32.9%) with atypical primary acquired melanosis and 2 cases (2.9%) with conjunctival nevus, and 48 cases (68.6%) had tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive melanin markers such as human melanoma-associated antigen 45, melanocyte antigen A, S-100 protein and sex-determining region Y-frame protein 10. Thirty cases (42.9%) completed the detection of BRAF V600E mutations, of which 11 had BRAF V600E point mutations, with a positive rate of 36.7%. Sixty-two patients (88.6%) were followed up, with a recurrence rate of 27.4% (17/62), a metastasis rate of 19.4% (12/62), and a case fatality rate of 54.8% (34/62). The recurrence rate was 4/5 among patients with ulcers, versus 22.8% (13/57) among patients without ulcers (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=4.96, &lt;i&gt;P=&lt;/i&gt;0.026); it was 8/13 among patients with orbital invasion, versus 18.3% (9/49) among pa","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 3","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[From optic nerve regeneration to visual function recovery: challenges and prospects].","authors":"Y H Zhuo, Q Zhang, Y Q Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251212-00529","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20251212-00529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axon regeneration and visual function recovery after optic nerve injury remain a major challenge in ophthalmology. Current research on optic nerve regeneration has evolved from merely promoting axon regeneration to a new stage focused on long-distance regrowth, targeted reinnervation, and function restoration. Centering on these core goals, this article discusses strategies for achieving accurate circuit repair by reactivating developmental guidance mechanisms, modulating neural activity, and utilizing neurotrophic factors. It also explores the opportunities brought by high-throughput multi-omics technologies in deciphering regulatory networks of regeneration. In response to key challenges in translating research findings into clinical applications, this article emphasizes the urgent need to optimize gene and drug delivery systems, establish long-acting sustained-release approaches, and develop clinically relevant large-animal models. The aim is to outline a critical pathway toward substantial visual functional recovery in future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"62 3","pages":"161-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}