中华眼科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[The role of the HIF-1 signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cell injury caused by the <i>OPTN</i> (E50K) mutation].","authors":"Q M Yuan, X N Liu, L Y Qiu, Y F Zhang, H P Yuan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250526-00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250526-00248","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore the role and mechanism of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway in rat retinal precursor R28 cell injury caused by the &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutation. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This experimental study was conducted from November 2023 to October 2024. The retinas of 18-month-old wild-type (WT) mice and normal tension glaucoma mice with the &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutation were extracted for proteomic analysis. In vitro models carrying the genes of green fluorescent protein (&lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;GFP-OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (WT) and &lt;i&gt;GFP-OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) were constructed by transfecting R28 cells with adeno-associated viruses. Western blotting and PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of apoptotic index B-lymphocytoma-2-associated X protein (BAX), HIF-1α, and energy metabolism enzymes including glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). R28 cells were treated with the HIF-1α inhibitor Lificiguat at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μmol/L for 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. According to the cell counting kit-8 detection results, 75 μmol/L Lificiguat was selected to treat the cells for 24 hours. The protein and mRNA expression changes of HIF-1α, GLUT1, LDHA and BAX were detected after the addition of Lificiguat. The statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There were 1 564 differentially expressed proteins in the retinas of mice in the experimental group compared with those in the control group, and these were significantly enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. The protein expression levels of BAX, HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDHA in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells were 1.28±0.15, 1.54±0.21, 1.28±0.15 and 1.20±0.16, respectively. They were significantly increased compared with those in R28 cells transfected with the &lt;i&gt;GFP-OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (WT) gene (0.96±0.04, 0.87±0.07, 0.90±0.10, 0.87±0.02; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The mRNA expression levels of BAX, HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDHA in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells were 1.20±0.06, 2.89±0.21, 2.37±0.22 and 1.27±0.22, respectively. They were also significantly increased compared with those in R28 cells transfected with the &lt;i&gt;GFP-OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (WT) gene (0.87±0.14, 0.88±0.23, 1.24±0.18, 0.94±0.07; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The protein expression levels of HIF-1α, LDHA and BAX in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells treated with Lificiguat were 0.62±0.11, 0.65±0.15 and 0.76±0.03, respectively. They were significantly decreased compared with those in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells untreated with Lificiguat (0.88±0.04, 0.92±0.04, 1.08±0.07; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, LDHA and BAX in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells treated with Lificiguat were 1.06±0.06, 1.11±0.14 and 1.01±0.01, respectively. They were also significantly decreased compared with those in &lt;i&gt;OPTN&lt;/i&gt; (E50K) mutant R28 cells untreated with Lificiguat (1.34±0.09, 1.45±0.14, 1.12±0.00; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The prot","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"686-696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Experimental optimization of paraffin sectioning techniques for the eyeball].","authors":"F F Huang, M M Du, N Gao, J X Wu, Y G Xiang, S J Zheng, W J Wan, K Hu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241109-00497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241109-00497","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore optimized protocols for paraffin section preparation of the eyeball to enhance the histological visualization of key ocular structures. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; It was an experimental research, conducted from September 2022 to September 2024. The first experiment involved 18 porcine eyeballs, which were divided into five groups (six subgroups) by the random number table method. Three fixatives were tested: Davidson's solution (Davidson group), a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde (mixed solution group), and 4% paraformaldehyde (formaldehyde group). Each fixative was applied at room temperature and 4 ℃, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections were prepared and evaluated for basic quality and morphological conditions of the cornea, lens, anterior chamber angle, ciliary body, Zinn's zonule, sclera, and retina. In the second experiment, 33 porcine eyeballs were divided into 4 groups (11 subgroups) by the random number table method to assess the effects of different pre-fixation treatments. The section quality was scored and compared among the groups of commonly used clinical dissection methods, standard anatomical procedures, hemisected eyeballs, and untreated controls. The optimal pre-treatment and fixation conditions were then validated using six human eyeballs (three from elderly males and three from male adolescents). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; test, Dunn test, Bonferroni correction, paired-sample &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-test, and Mann-Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt; test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The Davidson group exhibited a rough globe surface, opacified lens, and blackened sclera. In contrast, the mixed solution group maintained a smooth surface, yellowing of the cornea and sclera, and lens transparency. The formaldehyde group also had a smooth surface, but the lenses appeared slightly opaque. The mixed solution group showed significantly higher scores for lens morphology (8.00±1.95) and Zinn's zonule (3.17±1.27) than the Davidson group (6.17±1.03 and 1.83±0.94, both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), and for Zinn's zonule and retinal morphology (5.58±1.83) compared to the formaldehyde group (1.50±0.67 and 2.92±0.79, both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The anterior segment total score (27.67±4.74) was significantly higher in the mixed solution group than the Davidson group (22.83±2.98, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The anterior segment total score and overall section quality score (40.58±7.53) were significantly higher in the mixed solution group than the formaldehyde group (23.17±3.04 and 32.42±4.01, both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The 4 ℃ fixation condition yielded better preservation of Zinn's zonule (2.50±1.04) compared to room temperature fixation (1.83±1.29, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). Among the pre-treatment methods, the clinical approach group achieved higher scores in ciliary body (7.04±1.30), Zinn's zonule (2.96±0.95), sclera (6.63±1.38), retina (5.17±1.58), and total section quality (36.75±4.63), compared to hemisected specimens","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"697-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Two cases of anterior chamber displacement after XEN gel stent implantation].","authors":"Q M Li, J J Li, S W Li, H W Bi, R H Zhao, L Liu, J J Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241208-00571","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241208-00571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two patients (a 7-year-old female and a 61-year-old male) had poor intraocular pressure control after XEN gel stent implantation. During the process of filtering bleb repair, the XEN gel implant retreated into the anterior chamber, and the limbal and corneal incisions were made. After the implant in the anterior chamber was taken out, it was implanted into the anterior chamber again from the original scleral tunnel for the female patient, while it was re-punctured into the anterior chamber with a 1-ml syringe needle at another site for the male patient. The follow-up examinations at 3 weeks and 6 months after surgery showed good results.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"715-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Focusing on the selection of surgical approaches for open-angle glaucoma].","authors":"T Wang, H Y Jia, Y Feng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250327-00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250327-00146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has brought new options to glaucoma treatment. However, there are significant differences between MIGS and traditional trabeculectomy in terms of surgical philosophy, applicable populations, and long-term efficacy. As a classic procedure, trabeculectomy achieves a well-documented intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect but is associated with a higher risk of complications. In contrast, MIGS features minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery, yet its IOP-lowering magnitude is limited, and its long-term efficacy remains a matter of debate. How to balance these two approaches, especially considering the varying availability of medical resources in China, represents a key challenge for Chinese clinicians. Drawing on the characteristics of Chinese glaucoma patients, the distribution of medical resources, and clinical practice experience, this paper explores in depth the indications, advantages, and limitations of MIGS and trabeculectomy, aiming to provide more targeted references for clinicians in China when selecting glaucoma surgical strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"641-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of lung poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma-associated retinopathy].","authors":"T Li, L H Hou, M Wang, Q Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20240909-00380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20240909-00380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 65-year-old male patient presented with \"blurred vision in the right eye for 1 week\". At the first visit, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of both eyes was 0.8, no obvious abnormalities were observed in fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed the loss of outer retinal layers adjacent to the macula in the right eye. Ten days after the initial visit, the visual acuity of both eyes declined. OCT showed loss of outer retinal layers in both eyes except for the macular area, accompanied by short-term visual acuity decrease and binocular visual field defects. Electroretinography (ERG) demonstrated decreased amplitudes of a-waves and b-waves in both eyes under light and dark adaptation. Combined with imaging findings of lung squamous cell carcinoma and positive anti-recoverin antibody, the clinical diagnosis was lung squamous cell carcinoma-associated retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"719-722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of normal tension glaucoma (2025)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250607-00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250607-00269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in China stands at 1%. The inappropriate demarcation of normal intraocular pressure values may lead to misdiagnosis. The Glaucoma Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association released the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NTG in 2019, which established important clinical guidelines for the NTG management. Since significant research advances have been made regarding NTG in recent years, the Glaucoma Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with the Glaucoma group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association, has developed updated evidence-based consensus recommendations through comprehensive expert discussions. This new consensus on the NTG diagnosis and treatment principles aims to serve as a practical reference for clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"661-666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical application prospects and challenges of preservative-free anti-glaucoma drugs].","authors":"X C Duan, J H Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250325-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250325-00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the world's leading irreversible blinding eye disease, glaucoma is predominantly managed with pharmaceutical interventions in clinical practice. However, long-term use of traditional eye drops containing preservatives (e.g., benzalkonium chloride) may induce ocular surface toxicity, increase the incidence of dry eye, promote conjunctival fibrosis, and compromise the success rate of filtering surgery. In recent years, the field of ophthalmology has been actively advancing the research, development, and clinical application of preservative-free anti-glaucoma drugs. This article focuses on the research progress of preservative-free formulations in terms of innovative preparation technologies, characteristics of clinical benefits, and existing issues, while exploring their future development directions, aiming to provide references for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 9","pages":"647-651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pay attention to keratoconjunctivitis caused by microsporidia infection].","authors":"J Hong, X G Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250523-00244","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250523-00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, cases of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in China have been increasingly reported. Patients are often misdiagnosed as viral or fungal keratitis before confirmation, leading to prolonged disease course due to inappropriate treatment, and clinical awareness of this disease has long been insufficient. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges: limited understanding of the biological characteristics of microsporidia and risk factors such as parrot exposure, difficulty in clinical differentiation between keratoconjunctivitis and stromal keratitis types, and the absence of uniform diagnostic and therapeutic standards. It is imperative to strengthen clinical awareness of early diagnosis for patients with risk factors, promptly launch multicenter studies to establish standardized diagnostic and therapeutic consensus, so as to improve overall management and ensure patients receive timely and effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 8","pages":"565-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Paying attention to the screening of eye diseases in infants and young children].","authors":"J H Liang, D D Linghu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241129-00534","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241129-00534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization proposed the global elimination of avoidable blindness in 2020. Screening for eye diseases in infants and young children serves as a fundamental approach to blindness prevention, holding significant importance. This article highlights the critical role of infant and young child eye disease screening from three perspectives: its position as a key component in the childhood blindness prevention, the current status and deficiencies in China's screening practices, and the establishment of effective screening models. The importance of eye disease screening in early childhood should be emphasized, which would help to enhance the standards of pediatric eye disease screening and advance blindness prevention efforts in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 7","pages":"488-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of anisometropia following mild unilateral vitreous hemorrhage in a newborn].","authors":"D D Linghu, J H Liang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241129-00533","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20241129-00533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A male premature infant was diagnosed with mild vitreous hemorrhage, which obscured the macula, in the left eye at 57 days after birth. The follow-up examinations at 4.5 years and 10 years of age revealed high myopia in the left eye, which resulted in anisometropia. Optical correction with glasses was prescribed. Greater clinical attention should be directed toward neonatal vitreous hemorrhage and its long-term visual functional prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39688,"journal":{"name":"中华眼科杂志","volume":"61 7","pages":"540-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}