Journal of Smooth Muscle Research最新文献

{"title":"Colonic transit study in patients with chronic constipation using Japanese-made radiopaque markers.","authors":"Takeshi Kamiya, Eiji Kubota, Keiji Ozeki, Mamoru Tanaka, Akiko Shime, Masafumi Tada, Hidekatsu Fukuta, Hiromi Kataoka","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.62.17","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.62.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Colonic transit study (CTS) is useful and necessary for understanding the pathophysiology of disease that present with colonic motility dysfunction such as chronic constipation (CC). CTSs using radiopaque markers are a simple, safe, inexpensive, and easy to perform. However, no radiopaque markers are available and CTSs are not able to perform in Japanese clinical practice. Currently, we are working on the development of a domestically produced radiopaque markesr for measuring colonic transit time. The aim of this study was to ensure the safety of radiopaque markers under development. Five patients with CC who were receiving drug treatment were eligible for this study. The study participants ingested one gelatin capsule containing 24 radiopaque markers in the morning on Day 1. A single abdominal radiograph (posteroanterior) was performed 5 days after ingestion (Day 5) to count the number of radiopaque markers in the abdomen. No marker-related adverse effects were observed, and the safety of the radiopaque markers, which was the primary outcome of this study, was acceptable. Of the five patients who ingested the markers, only one had a residual marker on their abdominal radiograph after 5 days, and the marker was easily visible in this patient. We found no particular safety issues with the domestically produced radiopaque markers. However, further studies are required to examine the efficacy of these markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian regulation of gastrointestinal motility and the effect on disorders of gut-brain interaction.","authors":"Srinidhi R Babu, Ayla Mohtat, Ming-Fen Ho, Yujiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.62.26","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.62.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal (GI) motility follows a circadian rhythm regulated by a network of central and peripheral clocks, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus serving as the master clock. Disruptions to circadian rhythms are linked to impaired GI motility and disorders of gut-brain interaction, which include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Emerging evidence suggests that circadian misalignment alters gut-brain interactions, exacerbating the symptoms of these disorders. Additionally, sex differences in circadian regulation contribute to variations in susceptibility. Indeed, women have a heightened sensitivity to circadian disruption, which may be attributed to the higher prevalence of IBS and FD among female patients. Recent studies highlight the role of molecular core clock components in regulating GI motor function. Moreover, interventions aimed at correcting circadian misalignment, such as exercise and time-restricted feeding, may help align peripheral clocks and show promise for mitigating GI motor dysfunction by restoring circadian rhythmicity, reducing stress responses, and improving sleep quality. These improvements may, in turn, alleviate symptoms of IBS and FD. We review the mechanisms linking circadian regulation to GI motility, the consequences of circadian disruption on the GI tract, and potential chronotherapeutic approaches to restoring circadian regulation. Understanding the interplay between circadian regulation and GI motility may lead to the development of novel, nonpharmacologic interventions to improve the GI motor function by optimizing circadian alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rosa damascena and its compounds on smooth muscle contractility.","authors":"Sadettin Demirel, Ipek Nazli Sinag","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.62.1","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.62.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosa damascena, a member of the Rosaceae family, is an ancient holy plant. This ornamental plant is famous for its beneficial effects. R. damascena has been used as a traditional medicinal plant since ancient times because of its therapeutic activity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of R. damascena and its phytochemical compounds on smooth muscle contractility and their underlying mechanisms of action. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and Semantic Scholar databases, and was limited to English and Turkish articles. The keywords used were \"Rosa damascena\", \"smooth muscle\", \"relaxation\", \"contraction\", and \"phytochemical compounds\". A total of 25 studies investigating the effects of R. damascena on various smooth muscles. R. damascena and the phytochemical constituents of R. damascena alter the contractile properties of the ileal, jejunal, arterial, tracheal, and uterine smooth muscle cells. It exhibits hypotensive, hypertensive, laxative, and analgesic actions in vivo. This review article presents a comprehensive study on the effects of R. damascena and its constituents on smooth muscle contractility. R. damascena may be beneficial for the treatment of certain cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, constipation, and dysmenorrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sakurajima-radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon) and trigonelline on nitric oxide (NO) production from vascular endothelial cells and human vascular endothelial function.","authors":"Katsuko Kajiya, Rei Kuroda, Maho Sasaki, Yuri Nonoshita, Mariko Sakaguchi, Yuji Mimami","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.93","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, there is an approximate 10 year gap between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, which represents a decade characterized by poor health. To shorten this period and promote healthy aging, we searched for food ingredients that promote vascular health. Focusing on nitric oxide (NO) released by vascular endothelial cells, we first established an evaluation method to measure the NO production capacity of the vascular endothelium in real-time. This helped identify Sakurajima-radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon), which promotes NO production in vascular endothelial cells. The ability of Sakurajima-radish to induce NO production was observed in both the edible part of the enlarged root and the leaves to an equal extent. We identified the active component, trigonelline, and found that Sakurajima-radish contains much higher amounts of trigonelline than other natural products. There was no statistically significant difference in trigonelline content among the varieties of Sakurajima-radish distributed across Kagoshima Prefecture, nor was there any significant difference among the production areas within Kagoshima Prefecture, including outlying islands. The trigonelline content of Sakurajima-radish remained relatively stable across most cooking methods. A clinical study involving healthy individuals showed that Sakurajima-radish consumption (170 g/day for 10 days) caused a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation and blood trigonelline levels. This article elucidates the potential of Sakurajima-radish as a functional food that can be stored, cooked, and eaten in various forms with significant health benefits contributing to improved vascular function.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of EMD57033, an activator of actomyosin ATPase activity, on the relaxation process of cell membrane-permeabilized carotid artery and taenia cecum from guinea pigs.","authors":"Yasuyuki Naraki, Masaru Watanabe","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.1","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smooth muscle relaxation after contraction is thought to reflect \"latch-like\" slow cycling bridge formation and deformation. However, how actin-myosin interaction contributes to the transfer from fast-cycling cross bridges to slow-cycling bridges is still unclear. The thiadiazinone compound EMD57033 is known to bind to an allosteric pocket in the myosin motor domain and to increase basal and actin-activated myosin ATPase activity and contractile force in striated muscles. Therefore, we investigated whether EMD57033 affected the relaxation process after Ca²⁺ removal by affecting slow cycling bridge formation and/or deformation in β-escin skinned (cell membrane-permeabilized) carotid artery and taenia cecum from guinea pigs. EMD57033 at ≥30 µM decreased the force decay during relaxation in both the skinned carotid artery and taenia cecum, irrespective of the presence of ATP. A kinetic analysis in the present study indicated that EMD57033 significantly prolonged τslow-detach, a time constant of detachment of the slow cycling bridge, in both the skinned carotid artery and taenia cecum, irrespective of the presence of nucleoside triphosphates (ATP or ITP). Further studies are necessary to elucidate how EMD57033 modulates the smooth muscle myosin (SMM) structure, SMM activity, and thick filament organization, affecting slow cycling bridge formation and deformation, although EMD57033 might change slow cycling bridge formation, resulting in both cycling rate modulation and an increase in the affinity of SMM to actin.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related gastric neuromuscular dysfunction.","authors":"Yuebo Zhang, Egan L Choi, Yujiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.43","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is linked to a gradual decline in the gastric motor function, contributing to reduced food intake, and its association with frailty and sarcopenia. A key cellular change in the gastric neuromuscular apparatus is the loss of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), pacemaker cells of the gut. The ICC function as pacemakers that generate electrical slow waves and mediate enteric neurotransmission, playing a critical role in gastric motility. Aging-related ICC depletion leads to impaired gastric compliance and reduced slow wave activity, which contributes to early satiety and reduced food intake. Recent studies have elucidated the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying aging-related ICC decline, highlighting the roles of ICC stem/precursor cells (ICC-SCs), transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathways, and epigenetic regulation mediated by the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). By synthesizing the current findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving ICC decline and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for preserving gastric motility in aging populations. Future research should aim to translate these discoveries into clinical applications to improve the gastric motor function and overall health in the aging population. Identifying effective interventions targeting ICC maintenance may ultimately help to alleviate age-related gastric motor dysfunction and its associated health burdens, including frailty, malnutrition, and impaired quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histamine-induced cytosolic calcium mobilization in human bronchial smooth muscle cells.","authors":"Kyung Jin Choi, Woo Young Jeon, Mee Young Lee, Se Hoon Kim, Hyung Seo Park","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.29","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histamine is a well-known mediator of bronchoconstriction. Despite the widespread use of histamine as a tool to study the bronchial smooth muscle function, the precise mechanism by which it causes calcium mobilization in bronchial smooth muscle cells remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of histamine in calcium mobilization in cultured human bronchial smooth muscle cells. A series of in vitro calcium imaging experiments have shown that histamine increases intracellular calcium levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The half maximum concentration of cytosolic Ca²⁺ peak was 3.00 ± 0.25 µM of histamine. Histamine was able to mobilize calcium from intracellular stores, even in the absence of extracellular calcium. These histamine-induced calcium elevations were completely blocked by the H₁ receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (1 µM). Histamine-induced calcium elevation was also completely inhibited by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 (1 µM) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP₃) receptor inhibitor caffeine (20 mM). Cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (1 µM) and oligomycin (1 µg/ml) effectively attenuated histamine-induced calcium release from intracellular stores. In the presence of histamine, cytosolic calcium elevation induced by reperfusion of 1.28 mM extracellular calcium after the depletion of stores was significantly inhibited by FCCP and oligomycin, unlike in the presence of thapsigargin. Based on the above results, we can conclude that histamine activates the intracellular PLC/InP₃ pathway through the H₁ receptor, which in turn activates the InP₃ receptor present in intracellular stores to mobilize calcium in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. In addition, the mitochondria appear to be involved in the release of calcium from intracellular stores. These results provide insights into the mechanisms underlying histamine-induced calcium mobilization for bronchoconstriction under pathophysiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human breast milk and its impact on inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Lin-Hai Kurahara, Gaopeng Li, Ryou Ishikawa, Kiyomi Ohmichi, Katsuya Hirano","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.75","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term that describes disorders involving long-standing inflammation of tissues in the digestive tract. The onset and exacerbation of IBD is linked to multiple factors, including genetic and immunological influences, diet, and gut bacteria. Additionally, it is associated with a high risk of cancer. Research shows that the longer a person is breastfed, the lower their risk of developing IBD, highlighting the impact of human breast milk components on intestinal bacteria. Human breast milk contains many bioactive components, such as lactoferrin and milk oligosaccharides, are known to be effective in preventing and treating IBD. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on the host by altering the balance of indigenous intestinal bacteria. While probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, have been clinically applied in IBD treatment, there are currently no reports on the application of human breast milk-derived probiotics for this purpose. We clarified the preventive and therapeutic effects of human breast milk-derived probiotics on IBD, as well as the underlying mechanisms. This review highlights the importance of breastfeeding to prevent IBD, and focuses on the therapeutic effects of human breast milk-derived probiotics in IBD. These bioactive compounds in human breast milk are instrumental in establishing a beneficial gut microbiota and promoting proper immune system maturation during early life.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth factors involved in vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Aya Yamamura","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.82","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal cardiovascular disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Elevated PAP induces right ventricular hypertrophy and eventually progresses to right heart failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is primarily caused by the excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in the medial layer. This is mediated by the binding of growth factors to their specific receptor tyrosine kinases. To date, several growth factors, including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor, have been implicated in the development of PAH. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulated expression of Ca²⁺-sensing receptors in PASMCs contributes to the development of PAH. This upregulation was induced by increased PDGF levels in PASMCs from PAH patients. Therefore, imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor including PDGF receptors) and corosolic acid (with inhibitory effects of PDGF signaling) suppressed the excessive proliferation and migration of PASMCs from PAH patients. These treatments also ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertensive rats. This review focuses on the pathological roles of growth factors, especially PDGF, in the pathogenesis and progression of PAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in malignant hyperthermia: novel insights into heat-induced Ca²⁺ release as a thermal signaling.","authors":"Toshiko Yamazawa, Kotaro Oyama, Madoka Suzuki","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.65","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoregulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in mammals under various environmental conditions. Impairment of this function can result in severe conditions, such as fever, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia (MH). In this review, we will focus on the role of the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1), a Ca²⁺ release channel that is crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles. Mutations in RYR1 are associated with muscle disorders, including MH, which is characterized by dysregulated Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release (CICR). Recent advances from genetically engineered mouse models of MH have provided new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anesthetic- and heat-induced episodes, and revealed a heat-induced Ca²⁺ release (HICR) mechanism mediated by RYR1. Experimental evidences demonstrate that anesthetics induce simultaneous increases in cellular temperature and cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration. Therefore, this review proposes that an increase in cellular temperature triggers further Ca²⁺ release via HICR, establishing a positive feedback loop that sustains excessive heat production during MH crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}