Journal of Smooth Muscle Research最新文献

{"title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related gastric neuromuscular dysfunction.","authors":"Yuebo Zhang, Egan L Choi, Yujiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.43","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is linked to a gradual decline in the gastric motor function, contributing to reduced food intake, and its association with frailty and sarcopenia. A key cellular change in the gastric neuromuscular apparatus is the loss of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), pacemaker cells of the gut. The ICC function as pacemakers that generate electrical slow waves and mediate enteric neurotransmission, playing a critical role in gastric motility. Aging-related ICC depletion leads to impaired gastric compliance and reduced slow wave activity, which contributes to early satiety and reduced food intake. Recent studies have elucidated the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying aging-related ICC decline, highlighting the roles of ICC stem/precursor cells (ICC-SCs), transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathways, and epigenetic regulation mediated by the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). By synthesizing the current findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving ICC decline and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for preserving gastric motility in aging populations. Future research should aim to translate these discoveries into clinical applications to improve the gastric motor function and overall health in the aging population. Identifying effective interventions targeting ICC maintenance may ultimately help to alleviate age-related gastric motor dysfunction and its associated health burdens, including frailty, malnutrition, and impaired quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth factors involved in vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Aya Yamamura","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.82","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal cardiovascular disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Elevated PAP induces right ventricular hypertrophy and eventually progresses to right heart failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is primarily caused by the excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in the medial layer. This is mediated by the binding of growth factors to their specific receptor tyrosine kinases. To date, several growth factors, including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor, have been implicated in the development of PAH. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulated expression of Ca²⁺-sensing receptors in PASMCs contributes to the development of PAH. This upregulation was induced by increased PDGF levels in PASMCs from PAH patients. Therefore, imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor including PDGF receptors) and corosolic acid (with inhibitory effects of PDGF signaling) suppressed the excessive proliferation and migration of PASMCs from PAH patients. These treatments also ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertensive rats. This review focuses on the pathological roles of growth factors, especially PDGF, in the pathogenesis and progression of PAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in malignant hyperthermia: novel insights into heat-induced Ca²⁺ release as a thermal signaling.","authors":"Toshiko Yamazawa, Kotaro Oyama, Madoka Suzuki","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.65","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoregulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in mammals under various environmental conditions. Impairment of this function can result in severe conditions, such as fever, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia (MH). In this review, we will focus on the role of the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1), a Ca²⁺ release channel that is crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles. Mutations in RYR1 are associated with muscle disorders, including MH, which is characterized by dysregulated Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release (CICR). Recent advances from genetically engineered mouse models of MH have provided new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anesthetic- and heat-induced episodes, and revealed a heat-induced Ca²⁺ release (HICR) mechanism mediated by RYR1. Experimental evidences demonstrate that anesthetics induce simultaneous increases in cellular temperature and cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration. Therefore, this review proposes that an increase in cellular temperature triggers further Ca²⁺ release via HICR, establishing a positive feedback loop that sustains excessive heat production during MH crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy from physiologic viewpoint: accelerated or delayed?","authors":"Chikashi Shibata, Kentaro Sawada, Atsushi Mitamura, Toru Nakano","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.20","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distal gastrectomy is the most frequently performed procedure for gastric cancer. Gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy is generally considered to be accelerated due to resection of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenal bulb. Food residue, however, is frequently observed in the gastric remnant in patients after distal gastrectomy at the time of endoscopy after routine overnight fasting. This observation suggests delayed gastric emptying and conflicts with the general understanding of accelerated gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy. We searched for reports that evaluated the separate gastric emptying of liquids and solids with scintigraphy after distal gastrectomy in humans and also addressed the physiologic changes in gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy. Most all reports showed that gastric emptying of liquids after distal gastrectomy was accelerated compared to healthy controls, especially immediately after feeding. In contrast, some gastric emptying of solids was accelerated early after the meal ingestion, but thereafter emptying of solids remaining in the stomach was delayed beginning about 60 min after the meal in patients after distal gastrectomy. This delayed solid gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy was considered associated with food residue in the remnant stomach. We conclude that gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy was accelerated for liquids and solids soon after the meal ingestion but delayed for solids later than 60 min after the meal ingestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of gut microbiota and intestinal motility in gastrointestinal function.","authors":"Xiaopeng Bai, Eikichi Ihara, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yosuke Minoda, Masafumi Wada, Yoshitaka Hata, Mitsuru Esaki, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Yoshihiro Ogawa","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.51","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal motility is crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal health. Intestinal motility refers to the coordinated movements of the digestive tract, essential for effective digestion, nutrient absorption, and timely waste elimination. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbiota play a crucial role not only in the maturation of intestinal motility but also in the ongoing maintenance of established motility patterns. Disruptions in motility can lead to various disorders, such as chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction. Gut microbiota significantly influence intestinal motility through mechanisms like bile acid metabolism and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratios suggest a complex interaction between gut bacteria and bile acids that can enhance motility via receptors like TGR5. Additionally, the role of interstitial cells of Cajal in facilitating non-neuronal contractions has revolutionized our understanding of motility regulation, highlighting both neural and non-neural factors. Various therapeutic approaches, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been explored to improve intestinal motility, although their effectiveness has been limited. Advancements in gene-related research and innovative diagnostic methods are vital for a deeper understanding of how the gut microbiome regulates motility. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal motility, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research to develop effective treatments targeting gut microbiota for gastrointestinal disorders. By unraveling these complex interactions, we can pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies that enhance intestinal health and improve the quality of life for those affected by motility-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anastomotic techniques in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth I method on remnant stomach motor functions and postoperative quality of life.","authors":"Taizo Iwasaki, Koji Nakada, Masahiko Kawamura, Hideo Konishi, Keishiro Murakami, Norio Mitsumori, Nobuyoshi Hanyu, Fumiaki Yano","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.104","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction (LDGBI) is a standard procedure for early-stage gastric cancer. Although both Delta-shaped (Delta) and circular stapler (CS) techniques are commonly used for anastomosis, their long-term effects on remnant gastric motility and postoperative quality of life (QOL) remain insufficiently defined. This retrospective study analyzed 43 patients who underwent LDGBI at least one year prior, divided into CS (n=22) and Delta (n=21) groups. Gastric emptying was evaluated using the ¹³C-acetate breath test, focusing on residual reservoir capacity (RR5) and half-emptying time (T1/2). Postgastrectomy symptoms and living status were assessed via structured questionnaires. The Delta group demonstrated significantly lower RR5 (40.5% vs. 56.1%, P=0.033) and shorter T1/2 (4.8 vs. 8.5 min, P=0.033), indicating diminished reservoir function and accelerated gastric emptying. These alterations correlated with a higher incidence of early dumping abdominal symptoms (66.7% vs. 27.3%, P=0.015), as well as trends toward increased early dumping general symptoms and greater body weight loss. The Delta method is associated with enhanced gastric emptying and more frequent postgastrectomy symptoms, likely due to a wider anastomotic stoma. Tailoring the stoma size or selecting alternative reconstruction methods based on remnant gastric volume may help mitigate adverse outcomes and improve patients' quality of life following LDGBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of recent developments in the imaging of disorders of gut-brain interaction.","authors":"Noriaki Manabe, Masafumi Wada, Tsutomu Takeda, Emiko Bukeo, Hirotaka Tsuru, Mariko Hojo, Minoru Fujita, Eikichi Ihara, Akihito Nagahara, Takeshi Kamiya","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.11","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of factors have been recently associated with the development of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), including genetic predisposition, early-life environment, intestinal microbiota, infection, microinflammation, and increased mucosal permeability. In addition, impaired gastrointestinal motility is important not only as a cause of DGBI but also as a consequent final phenotype. Gastrointestinal motor measurements are the predominant method for the assessment of and therapeutic intervention into motor abnormalities. As such, these measurements should be considered for DGBI patients who do not respond to first-line approaches such as behavioral therapy, dietary modifications, and pharmacotherapy. This comprehensive review focuses on the functional changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by DGBI and describes ongoing attempts to develop imaging modalities to assess these dysfunctions in the esophageal and gastric regions. Recent advances in imaging techniques could help elucidate the pathophysiology of DGBI, with exciting potential for research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding diverse horizons in smooth muscle research: a symposium review of \"Muscle and Pathology/Health: Frontiers of Translational Research\" at the 66th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research.","authors":"Masumi Eto, Toshiko Yamazawa, Lin-Hai Kurahara, Aya Yamamura, Katsuko Kajiya, Masaru Watanabe","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.61.59","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.61.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smooth muscle research is at the forefront of translational science, bridging the gap between basic molecular discoveries and clinical applications. The symposium \"Muscle and Pathology/Health: Frontiers of Translational Research\" at the 66th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research showcased recent advances in this field. The presentations highlighted diverse topics, including molecular targeting in malignant hyperthermia, the therapeutic potential of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease, sex differences in pulmonary hypertension and the impact of dietary components on vascular health. These studies underscore the importance of precision therapies, personalized medicine and functional foods in understanding and managing diseases. As technological innovations continue to drive research, the symposium provided insight into future directions, such as developing targeted molecular therapies, leveraging probiotics for systemic effects, expanding sex-based studies, and industrializing outcomes of basic science. The findings presented offer promising avenues for new treatment strategies that could revolutionize smooth muscle-related healthcare, emphasizing the potential for improved patient outcomes through translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"61 ","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of muscularis macrophages in modulating the enteric nervous system function and gastrointestinal motility","authors":"Egan L. Choi, Negar Taheri, Yuebo Zhang, Kenjiro Matsumoto, Yujiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.60.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/jsmr.60.1","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophages are the originators of inflammatory compounds, phagocytic purifiers in their local environment, and wound healing protectors in oxidative environments. They are molded by the tissue milieu they inhabit, with gastrointestinal (GI) muscularis macrophages (MMs) being a prime example. MMs are located in the muscular layer of the GI tract and contribute to muscle repair and maintenance of GI motility. MMs are often in close proximity to the enteric nervous system, specifically near the enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Consequently, the anti-inflammatory function of MMs corresponds to the development and maintenance of neural networks in the GI tract. The capacity of MMs to shift from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory states may contribute to the inflammatory aspects of various GI diseases and disorders such as diabetic gastroparesis or postoperative ileus, functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, and organic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. We reviewed the current knowledge of MMs and their influence on neighboring cells due to their important role in the GI tract.","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"54 13","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal effects of Juniperus oxycedrus L. on the jejunum in rodents.","authors":"Ouafa Amrani, Ahmed Karim, Mohamed Marghich, Leila Beyi, Saliha Bouknana, Mohammed Aziz","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.60.10","DOIUrl":"10.1540/jsmr.60.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional bowel disorders (FBD) have a major potential to degrade the standards of public life. Juniperus oxycedrus L. (J. oxycedrus) (Cupressaceae) has been described as a plant used in traditional medicine as an antidiarrheal medication. The present study is the first to obtain information on the antispasmodic and antidiarrheic effects of J. oxycedrus aqueous extract through in vitro and in vivo studies. An aqueous extract of J. oxycedrus (AEJO) was extracted by decoctioning air-dried aerial sections of the plant. Antispasmodic activity was tested in an isolated jejunum segment of rats exposed to cumulative doses of drogue extract. The antidiarrheic activity was tested using diarrhea caused by castor oil, a transit study of the small intestine, and castor oil-induced enteropooling assays in mice. In the jejunum of rats, the AEJO (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/ml) diminished the maximum tone induced by low K⁺ (25 mM), while it exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on high K⁺ (75 mM) with an IC₅₀=0.49 ± 0.01 mg/ml and IC₅₀=2.65 ± 0.16 mg/ml, respectively. In the contractions induced by CCh (10^-6 M), AEJO diminished the maximum tone, similar to that induced by low K⁺ (25 mM). with an IC₅₀=0.45 ± 0.02 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of AEJO on low K⁺ induced contractions was significantly diminished in the presence of glibenclamide (GB) (0.3 µM) and 4-aminopyrimidine (4-AP) (100 µM), with IC₅₀ values of 1.84 ± 0.09 mg/ml. and 1.63 ± 0.16 mg/ml, respectively). The demonstrated inhibitory effect was similar to that produced by a non-competitive antagonist acting on cholinergic receptors and calcium channels. In castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, AEJO (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused an extension of the latency time, a reduced defecation frequency, and a decrease in the amount of wet feces compared to the untreated group (distilled water). Moreover, it showed a significant anti-motility effect and reduced the amount of fluid accumulated in the intestinal lumen at all tested doses. These findings support the conventional use of Juniperus oxycedrus L. as a remedy for gastrointestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":39619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"10-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11109480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}