Annals of Agri Bio Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the vulnerability of a commonly exploited fish stock, Galeoides decadactylus in the artisanal mixed capture fisheries of Sierra Leone","authors":"K. J. Konoyima, Percival Arthur Timothy Showers","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Galeoides decadactylus is a commonly exploited fish stock in Sierra Leone, and the study of its vulnerability to capture in the artisanal mixed fisheries of Sierra Leone has not gained the needed attention of researchers, for which the present study has come in handy particularly when such information is critical for sustainable management of the stock. The study utilized length-frequency data obtained from 865 specimens as input datasets of analytical models inscribed for the FAO Fish Stock Assessment Tool (FiSAT II) software. Vulnerability indices for this study were the Length Structured Virtual Population Analysis (LVPA) and the Probability of Capture (PC). Results revealed minimum and maximum total length of 11cm and 36cm respectively for the study species, and LVPA showed highest catch (in numbers) for the length range, 20 cm (n = 94, 0000) - 21 cm (n = 100, 000). Also, the probability of capture evinced greater selection probability (p = 0.9) of the larger sizes (17cm - 22 cm (mean, 19.5 cm TL) at a maximum mesh size of 8cm of bottom drift net utilised by the fishers. The results of LVPA implied that the smaller length groups of the assessed stock (TL  are less vulnerable to fishing mortality, but most susceptible to natural mortality, and the probability of capture indicated that the gill nets used by the artisanal fishers for this study were highly selective to allow greater number (n = 4.8 x 106) of the smaller length group escape capture. In conclusion, G. decadactylus was efficiently exploited in the artisanal mixed fisheries. However, stringent measures on capture input and output controls are advised for the assessed stock.","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78328906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pectinase pretreatment on the extraction of essential oil from the seed kernels of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)","authors":"W. Iko, K. Omeje, V. Ozougwu, S. Eze, F. C. Chilaka","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the seed kernels of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) were pretreated with partially purified pectinase (PPP) prior to hydrodistillation to enhance the extraction of essential oil. The yield of the essential oil obtained after pretreatment with PPP was 4.70%. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils obtained after pretreatments with PPP showed a total of 33 constituents classified into monoterpenes (51.52%), sesquiterpenes (21.21%) and phenylpropanoids/aromatic (27.27%) compounds. Comparison was made by pretreating the nutmeg seeds with a pure pectinase (CP) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The fraction obtained when pretreated with CP was made up of 32 components with monoterpenes (51.31%), sesquiterpenes (18.75%) and phenylpropanoids/aromatic (28.12%) compounds. The major components of essential oils obtained after pretreatments with PPP and CP were sabinene, α-pinene, β-pinene and myristicin. This research shows that the extraction of Myristica fragrans seed kernel essential oil can be improved using PPP when compared with the yield of the control (3.80%) obtained from the seed kernels that were not pretreated with the enzymes prior to hydrodistillation.","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"136 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72370277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude oil hydrocarbon degradation efficiency of indigenous bacterial strains isolated from contaminated sites in Nigeria","authors":"Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, J. Ogbonna, C. Anyanwu","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The crude oil degradation potential of bacterial isolates from three contaminated sites in Nigeria were investigated. Seven bacterial isolates namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W15, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N3R, Serratia marcescens strain N4, Providencia vermicola strain W8, Serratia marcescens strain W13, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W11 and Pseudomonas protegens strain P7 were isolated and identified using molecular methods. Isolates N4, N3 and W13 showed higher % total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation of 79.26%, 78.96% and 78.69% respectively than W15, P7, W8 and W11 with % TPH degradation of 68.96%, 62.14%, 59.75% and 59.00% respectively. W13 showed the fastest degradation rate with 78.72% within the first 14 days of incubation; however, after the 14th day, there was no progressive change in % TPH. W11 showed degradation of wider range of hydrocarbon components originally in the crude oil as well as the complete degradation of most intermediates formed. The isolates showed good degradation potentials for bioremediation applications.","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90247385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of variations in length of suction pipette inserted during vaginal smear cytology procedure on estrous cycle in Sprague–Dawley rats","authors":"A. Bakare, C. A. Idaguko, Z. A. Sogbesan, Fatimah Adeoye","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Estrous cycle is a periodic reproductive sequence of events in most female laboratory animals that are used for basic research. Several methods have been used to stage estrous cycle, these include visual method, vagina smear cytology evaluation, chemical analysis of urine and the analysis of electrical resistance. The vaginal smear cytology (VSC) evaluation method is commonly used to stage estrous cycle because it is a faster method coupled with easy execution and not as expensive as the other methods. The study of estrous cycle is primary to all investigations in reproduction and related areas. For the generation of dependable research outcome from VSC evaluation method, the technique for the collection of vagina smear and its microscopic interpretation must be done according to established standards. Many reports in literature concerning VSC evaluation method, lack comprehensive demonstrations and uniformity which lead to loss of homogeneity and hence provide study outcomes that are not authentic.  Therefore, this present investigation was designed to establish the standard value of inserted length of suction pipette during smear extraction technique when using VSC method to study estrous cycle. A total of fifteen experimental animals were recruited for this investigation. The animals were subdivided into three groups 1 to 3. The lengths of pipette inserted into the vagina canal were varied from 1mm, 2mm to 4mm in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The outcome from this investigation showed that the depth of suction pipette inserted during smear extraction procedure in VSC method has effect on estrous cycling. Estrous cycle was maintained with 2mm insertion length with approximate four days cycle and phases changing daily. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72840356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of chemically ripened banana (Musa acuminate) juice to male Wistar rats depletes blood cells via impaired hematopoiesis","authors":"O. M. Onwuka, Adaobi Linda Okerulu, N. Nwosu","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chemicals such as calcium carbide to ripen fruits instigates toxicity; inclusion of the chemically ripened fruits in the preparation of juices may induce blood cells depletion by altering hematopoiesis via declined functionality of erythropoietin, leukopoietin, thrombopoietin, interleukin-3, prostaglandins, hematopoietic stem cells; resulting to reduction in cellular components of blood. The blood cell depletion potentials of chemically ripened banana juice were investigated in 20 male Wistar rats categorized into four; Group A (control), Group B (administered naturally ripened banana juice), Group C & D (administered juices composed of 15mg/kg and 25mg/kg of calcium carbide ripened banana) (n=5). Following the administration protocol of the banana juice for 28days, data was obtained and statistically analyzed using GraphPad prism (version 8). Chemically ripened banana juices significantly decreased erythropoietin, leukopoietin, thrombopoietin, interleukin-3, prostaglandins (PGE2), hematopoietic stem cells and cellular components of blood in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration and increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); which suggests indication of anemia and red blood cell inflammation were also observed. The study suggests that chronic consumption of calcium carbide ripened banana juices induces alteration of hematopoiesis which results to depletion of blood cells.  ","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"40 309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and immunological profile of gercacinid crab at different sublethal salinity regimes","authors":"A. Lawal-Are, R. Moruf, Victor Shane Akan, Adamu Mohammed Suleiman, H. Abdul'azeez","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is the most variable ecological parameter in the lagoon with daily and seasonal variations. The changes in growth, serum biochemistry and antioxidant enzymes activities of Cardisoma armatum were examined during 84-day exposure to five different sublethal salinities (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt). At the start of the trial, the crab initial average body weight was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The highest weight gain was recorded in 15 ppt (47.40±1.01 g), followed by 20 ppt, 10 ppt and 5 ppt with no significant differences between them. At the end of 84 days experiment, the crab exhibited the lowest body weight growth (48.29 %) at 0 ppt and the highest (81.04±1.08%) at 10 ppt. The 10 ppt treatment had the highest specific growth rates (0.31±0.11 %/day), followed by 5 ppt, 20 ppt, 15 ppt, and then 0 ppt treatments. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases significantly decreased after 0 ppt, but mean serum protein value increased with salinity increase. Greater activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were recorded in 5-20 ppt. All the antioxidant enzyme activities (with the exception of glutathione) showed significant differences. Thus, deviation from the brackish water condition adversely affects the growth and immune functions of the gecarcinid, resulting in population decline in reclaimed wetlands.","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the enzymes, amino acids, metal ions and flavor profile during fermentation of African locust bean seeds ‘Parkia biglobosa’ to Daddawa","authors":"Nivoakana Emmanuel Zebedee, C. O. Onwosi, T. Nwagu, O. Amadi","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Daddawa/iru, a product of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds, is widely used as food condiment by many tribes in West Africa. This study aimed to determine some of the changes which occur during the microbial fermentation of African locust bean seed. The daily changes in pH, amylase, lipase and protease secretion were monitored. Changes in amino acid concentration, mineral ion composition were also monitored; the presence of hydrocarbons and volatile flavor compounds were also determined. The pH increased throughout fermentation and was above 8.5 by 96 h fermentation. Enzyme production was highest after 48 h fermentation. The highest increase in amino acid concentration was observed after 72 h fermentation. The essential amino acids which increased after 72 h fermentation include arginine (48.8%), threonine (25.2%), valine (24.8%), and methionine (20.0%), histidine (10.3%), isoleucine (19.2%), leucine (15.9%), lysine (15.24%), phenylalanine (14.9%), and tryptophan (12.5%). A higher metal ion concentration was observed before fermentation (0 h) than during or after fermentation of the locust bean seeds. Various hydrocarbons, fatty acids, esters and alcohols were observed at different stages of the fermentation. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84631675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of criminal/profile DNA database and use of forensic intelligence to combat nationwide insecurity issues in Nigeria","authors":"Oladoja A. Awofisayo, O. Eseyin","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal activity is on the rise in Nigeria. The nefarious activity of bandits is on the increase with kidnapping of students and attack on farmers. This creates fear in the terrorized communities. Armed robbery as well as rape of citizens going about their normal duties is also on the increase. The road is becoming increasingly unsafe for the citizenry as well as government officials. The government has mandated individuals to register in the National Identification Number NIN which is linked to the Bank Verification Number (BVN) (a database established to curb crime in the banking sector) and the Subscriber Identity module (SIM). The Establishment of such databases is pertinent however the NIN, BVN, SIM-NIN linkage and fingerprints may not be sufficient in solving criminal cases without DNA profiling of convicted individuals, establishment of forensic laboratories and the creation of criminal DNA profile database CRODER – a Criminal offender DNA Exert Repertoire. The role of DNA profiling as an additional measure is to keep a record of all convicted individuals and the CRODER will be an additional useful measure in profiling criminals and individuals can be adopted as a forensic tool in addition to the captured databases of NIN, BVN and NIN-SIM and will be on the watch list of security operatives. The CRODER forensic tool can be done stepwise by availability of an emergency number to dial for emergency, a dispatch personnel to respond to the call, and vigilante groups or other adhoc security officer in the vicinity of the emergency call to get to the vicinity and preserve the crime scene environment for investigators and detectives to work on. CRODER Forensic tool can then be adopted to solve the crime. Offenders trying to escape enroute the airport, can be checked via CRODER and fingerprint compared and matched with the collection in the database. The CRODER may be a necessary stride to bring kidnappers, bandits, and armed robbers to book in record time and curb the rise in criminal activity, insurgency, banditry, and insecurity in general. If properly done, Nigeria will be a haven for citizens and would-be investors.","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endo-1,4-D-glucanohydrolase assisted extraction of essential oil from the seed kernels of Nutmeg by using a two-step protocol","authors":"W. Iko, K. Omeje, V. Ozougwu, S. Eze, F. C. Chilaka","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The cell walls of plants are made up of cellulose as the major composite and the hydrolysis of this polysaccharide has proven to be a major step in the extraction of many biomolecules. This research was on both pure and partially purified endo-1,4-D-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4 (cellulase) assisted extraction of essential oil from the seed kernels of Nutmeg by using a two-step protocol that involved the pretreatment of the sample with cellulase followed by the distillation of the essential oil using Clevenger apparatus.  The essential oil obtained after pretreatment with pure cellulase was 8.2 % while 5.8 % of essential oil was obtained when treatment prior to hydro-distillation of oil was done with partially purified cellulase. An oil yield of 3.8 % was observed when no enzyme pretreatment was carried out. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from the two-step protocol showed the presence of 25 and 24 components from the sample pretreated with the partially purified cellulase and pure cellulase respectively.  There were three major groups of components observed from the essential oils. These are the monoterpenes made up of sabinene, α-pinene, and β-pinene; the sesquiterpenes made up of safrole and alpha-copaene; and the phenylpropanoid/aromatic compounds, composed of myristicin and methyl eugenol. The presence of these principal compounds in the major groups has given nutmeg essential oil improved value due to the possibility of incorporating them as functional ingredients in several products with possible applications in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, and cosmetic industries","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81050683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of slaughtered pigs at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Unigwe, L. U. Egwu, C. Ukwueze","doi":"10.4314/br.v20i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-week study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in slaughtered pigs at Bodija Abattoir, Ibadan. Five faecal samples per day were collected for 21 days (105 samples) from the rectum of slaughtered pigs, stored in sterile container, labeled appropriately and then transported in a flask with ice pack to the parasitology laboratory of the department of veterinary parasitology and microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, where they were preserved in 10 % formalin before processing for laboratory analysis. Formalin-ether sedimentation/floatation method was used for identification of the gastrointestinal parasites. The results showed overall prevalence of 62.85 % with the presence of four nematodes (Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp, Metastrongyloides spp and Strongyloides spp) and one protozoan (Isospora spp). Ascaris suum (25.71 %) was the most prevalent, followed by Oesophagostomum spp and Isospora spp (14.29 % each), Metastrongyloides spp (5.71 %) whereas the least was Strongyloides spp (2.86 %) with mean eggs per gram (EPG) of 640±5.23, 500±1.06, 2190±2.34, 400±1.76 and 670±0.23 respectively. With regards to sex, sows had greater prevalence of 63.83 % as opposed to boars with 62.07 % though not significantly different (p>0.05). It can be concluded that there was high prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminthes in the study area. Therefore, strict sanitation and improved management practices as well as quarterly broad spectrum anthelminthics to be administered to the pigs are recommended","PeriodicalId":39601,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agri Bio Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74097565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}