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Russia’s Hybrid War in Theory and Practice 俄国混合战争的理论与实践
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0035
M. Banasik
{"title":"Russia’s Hybrid War in Theory and Practice","authors":"M. Banasik","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The warfare is evolving and it is confirmed by last conflicts in which Russia was involved. They were asymmetric in nature and their objectives, developments, consequences in broader sense and end states have been a matter of research by many scholars. The nature of those conflicts is causing concerns and a question if there were randomly run or just perfectly synchronized operations? If so, should a hybrid war be considered a way of strategy and its objectives seen through the prism of the Russia’s interests? The answer to this question can be obtained after the evaluation of the theory and practice employed by the Russian Federation in the concept of hybrid war. This is the purpose of this article. The results of the research are presented by solving the following problem: What does the concept of the new generation warfare mean?","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122097070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Commander-in-Chief in Command and Control System of the Republic of Poland 波兰共和国指挥与控制系统总司令
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0031
M. Kołodziejczak
{"title":"The Commander-in-Chief in Command and Control System of the Republic of Poland","authors":"M. Kołodziejczak","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the Republic of Poland is one of the main authorities in wartime. But, in Polish legal acts it is not completely clear when the Commander-in-Chief should be appointed. According to Polish law, the Commander-in-Chief shall be appointed in certain situations - for the duration of the war and (sometimes) in the martial law period. In this paper the author will describe these situations and analyse the provisions of his functioning in peace time and in war. Also, it should be noted, that today in Poland decision-makers adopted some very important changes in the Act of 21 November 1967 - Universal duty to defend the Republic of Poland. These changes are to be basis for new rules for the functioning of the Commanderin- Chief and it is a result of the reform of the command and control system. But, the problem is that some parts of legislation were challenged in the Constitutional Court and the case is pending… Every single act of the packet might be not in accordance with the Act of Constitution.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Usage of Social Network Analysis (Sna) in Crisis Management 社会网络分析在危机管理中的应用
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0030
Hakan Güreşci, R. Arpat
{"title":"Usage of Social Network Analysis (Sna) in Crisis Management","authors":"Hakan Güreşci, R. Arpat","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social systems are complex structures that consist of different sub-systems. Therefore, understanding social systems is more difficult than comprehending electronic or mechanical systems. What makes social systems more complex than other systems is that society is not simply the sum of each individual in the society. In the current global system, the countries, which have become small villages, try to meet national security needs by converting the unknown to known and identifying the correlation among political, military, social and economic events. The current crisis management concepts are conducted through systematic approaches. Besides, the management of social, economic and political crises need to be conducted in a holistic approach covering all sub-systems. At this point, the function of Social Network Analysis (SNA) emerges. SNA, which forms the main subject of this paper, is a tool for examining the structure of a crisis through correlating the sub-elements. The aim of this study is to show how SNA can be used in crisis management. First, SNA is performed on a generic crisis situation and the results are presented. Then, the additional critical data requirements are put forward to manage the crisis effectively.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133337363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
How Russian Soft Power Fails in Estonia: Or, Why the Russophone Minorities Remain Quiescent 俄罗斯软实力在爱沙尼亚是如何失败的?或者，为什么说俄语的少数民族保持沉默
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0023
Kristian L. Nielsen, Heiko Paabo
{"title":"How Russian Soft Power Fails in Estonia: Or, Why the Russophone Minorities Remain Quiescent","authors":"Kristian L. Nielsen, Heiko Paabo","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article evaluates the significance of Russian soft power in Estonia, particularly in connection to the minority issue, and compares this soft power to the countervailing pull of the European Union on the other side. It concludes that although Russia does indeed have a number of soft power resources, their potential for being translated into actual power and influence is too often exaggerated, not least because Europe provides a much more attractive focus point for the disgruntled than Moscow. Moreover, Estonia has it fully within its power to bolster its own attractiveness in the eyes of the minority populations. Thus, although relations with Russia should be handled with care, it is not Russia’s soft power that should be feared.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117136607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The EU Migration Crisis and the Baltic Security 欧盟移民危机与波罗的海安全
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0019
Ą. Bagdonas
{"title":"The EU Migration Crisis and the Baltic Security","authors":"Ą. Bagdonas","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article provides a theoretically informed commentary on the ongoing migration crisis in Europe, and discusses its causes and the currently proposed solutions to it. Irregular migration to Europe is likely to remain on the agenda of the European Union for decades to come and, in order to avoid repetitive crises, further integration is needed in the European asylum system. The article suggests that the greatest threat to the security of the Baltic States comes not from irregular migration itself, but from the policy decisions that would fail to address the EU crisis caused by it.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116648323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Book Reviews. Goodbye Comrades, We Miss You Not 书评。再见同志们，我们不想念你们
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/JOBS-2016-0026
Augustine Meaher
{"title":"Book Reviews. Goodbye Comrades, We Miss You Not","authors":"Augustine Meaher","doi":"10.1515/JOBS-2016-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JOBS-2016-0026","url":null,"abstract":"The 25 anniversary of the end of the Cold War and the recent financial crisis have led to a tendency to view the alleged stability of post-war Europe before the Berlin Wall fell with a nostalgic air. It has also led to a flurry of books taking advantage of newly released archives and the ability to better analyse the fascinating period of the end of the Cold War with more detachment and a better grasp of the long term trends it represented.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126185787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Balancing Between Solidarity and Responsibility: Estonia in the EU Refugee Crisis 团结与责任之间的平衡:欧盟难民危机中的爱沙尼亚
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0020
Viljar Veebel
{"title":"Balancing Between Solidarity and Responsibility: Estonia in the EU Refugee Crisis","authors":"Viljar Veebel","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After the establishment of the Schengen area, it was expected that its members would develop a common policy on external border management and protecting external borders. As the current refugee crisis has revealed, some countries have not met their obligations, which has led to serious difficulties in other member states. An unusually large number of refugees are passing through the EU with the purpose of going to countries that attract refugees with better economic and social conditions. Nevertheless, in the present case the criticism at the European Union level has been targeted towards the Eastern European countries for not eagerly enough accepting the proposed refugee strategy and quotas. Estonia’s opposition to the EU-wide permanent relocation system of refugees has its roots in the conservative line that the country has followed in the national refugee policy for more than twenty years. However in 2016 the positions among the Estonian governmental coalition differ significantly in terms of long term refugee strategy. The current article will focus on the arguments why Estonia has opted for the conservative refugee policy so far and whether it has been in accordance with the country’s capabilities and resources. The development of Estonian refugee policy will be analysed, from regaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 to the present day. The article will also focus on security risks that might occur due to the pressure from the EU on the member states to impose decisions that do not have broad support at the national level.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125210643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Leadership in the Contemporary Military: Mavericks in the Bureaucracy? 当代军事领导:官僚体系中的特立独行者?
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0024
T. Kuronen, A. Huhtinen
{"title":"Leadership in the Contemporary Military: Mavericks in the Bureaucracy?","authors":"T. Kuronen, A. Huhtinen","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this reflective paper, we study the tension between leadership and institutional control in contemporary Western military organizations. More precisely, we focus on two (out of five) NATO measures of merit, namely the Measure of Performance (MOP) and the Measure of Effectiveness (MOE), and how they manifest this tension at the operational level. We suggest that fixed leadership roles are not enough - what is required instead is an adaptive, pragmatic and even rebellious attitude towards the military bureaucracy in the contemporary, ever-changing conflict landscape.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126793528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aimed for the Better, Ended up with the Worst: Russia and International Order 本想变得更好，结果却变得更糟:俄罗斯与国际秩序
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0010
V. Morozov
{"title":"Aimed for the Better, Ended up with the Worst: Russia and International Order","authors":"V. Morozov","doi":"10.1515/jobs-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and the subsequent intervention in Ukraine created a shockwave in the European security system. It suddenly became apparent that certain key rules of international conduct in Europe could no longer be taken for granted. Opponents of Vladimir Putin’s Russia in the West, and especially in the Baltic states, immediately put the events in and around Ukraine in the context of previous developments, in particular the 2008 Russian-Georgian war. Their conclusion was that the intervention was part of a long-term plan of imperial expansion, which is going to continue in the nearest future.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127945105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Is Russian Military Back on It’s Feet 俄罗斯军队是否重新站稳脚跟
Journal on Baltic Security Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/JOBS-2016-0016
Daivis Petraitis
{"title":"Is Russian Military Back on It’s Feet","authors":"Daivis Petraitis","doi":"10.1515/JOBS-2016-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JOBS-2016-0016","url":null,"abstract":"When on 15th of October 2008 Russia officially announced a decision to reform its armed forces some observers were very fast to claim this as a new adventurist’s move of Russian political and military leadership. Almost nobody took it seriously. Today the situation is different with more and more specialists and officials pointing at the Russian army and recognising it as an emerging threat. How did this happen that we became caught in surprise again? Why did nobody pay any attention to what was going on in the Russian Army, or if somebody did, why nobody took them seriously. Those and other questions still remain to be answered.","PeriodicalId":395627,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Baltic Security","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114872204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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