{"title":"Honesty, Ability, Norm, and Socioeconomic Status: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Minhaj Mahmud, Dina Tasneem","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3478988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3478988","url":null,"abstract":"In a real effort task experiment, we study the (dis)honesty of undergraduate students in Bangladesh. Consistent with earlier studies, when they self-report their performance, a significant fraction of students cheats to varying degrees. We find that an individual’s own ability, as well as social norms in terms of beliefs about peers’ behavior, are the two most important factors influencing (dis)honesty in our experiment. In particular, a higher actual performance in the real effort task reduces both the likelihood and extent of cheating, while the belief that peers are cheating increases both the likelihood and extent of cheating. Additionally, a lower perceived fear of detection increases the extent of cheating, but does not increase the likelihood of cheating. Among the two most important indicators of socioeconomic status that we considered, such as parents’ education and income, only mother’s level of education shows a significant negative effect on the likelihood of cheating.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":" 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133122926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Native and Non-Native EFL Teachers Dichotomy: Terminological, Competitiveness and Employment Discrimination","authors":"Mersad Dervić, Senad Bećirović","doi":"10.17323/jle.2019.9746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.9746","url":null,"abstract":"The application of ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ labels to EFL professionals has been influenced by the argument over their discriminatory nature. L1 proponents claim that natives are innate with linguistic competence while non-natives are referred to as second-best. A review of studies investigating the coherence of these terms supported the validity of this phenomenon. However, competing theories emphasise the importance and impact of discriminatory terminology not addressed by natives This paper looks at this debate in some detail and aims to balance the need for accurate descriptive labelling against the damaging effects of pejorative categories. It also discusses teaching and linguistic competence in light of both “native” and “non-native” categories. The discourse focuses on the advantages and disadvantages attributed to the native versus non-native EFL teacher and employment discrimination issues faced by non-native EFL teachers in institutions, job advertisements, and in the administration of institutions themselves today. It was concluded that a more refined approach to describing different types of EFL professionals is required, which does not negatively disadvantage either L1 or L2 teachers of English.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134056428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the Influence of Service-Learning Experiences in Relation to Students' Transformational Leadership","authors":"Dr. Zoncita Norman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458709","url":null,"abstract":"Current trend in higher education today involves transformational teaching and learning strategies (e.g., cultural immersion study abroad, mainstreaming, experiential teaching – such as project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, service-learning, etc.). This current pedagogical trend is evolving from the traditional individualized lecture method to more experientially engaging and participatory methodologies such as service learning, and other transformational approaches inclusive of diversity and cultural awareness such as cross-cultural learning (Lopes-Murphy & Murphy, 2016), active learning, cooperative learning, dramaturgy (Barbuto, 2006), and intercultural/multicultural learning (Ippolito, 2007). These transformational approaches demonstrate practical active involvement, participation, and engagement of students both in domestic and global institutions and settings in higher education. In this perspective, this reflection seeks to highlight the influence of service-learning experiences on students' transformational leadership enhancement/or development in higher education. In doing this, I define and explain service learning and volunteerism; define and explain transformational leadership, review recent pertinent literature on transformation leadership; and finally, draw my conclusion.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language Challenges and Strategies for English Language Learners in Statistics Education: An Overview of Research in This Field","authors":"Sashi Sharma","doi":"10.31014/aior.1993.02.03.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.02.03.96","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rapidly growing population of English Language Learners in schools, very little research has focused on understanding the challenges of English Language Learners in statistics education. This paper reviews research by statistics and mathematics educators to highlight some of the broad challenges faced by English Language Learners in statistics learning and teaching. The linguistic challenges include the vocabulary in academic statistics and linguistic features that may make statistical texts hard to understand and communicate. Next, the review outlines pedagogical strategies to help learners in statistics classrooms. The final section considers some issues arising out of the review and offers suggestions for practice and research.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124271443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of eWOM on Purchase Intention for Korean-brand Cars in Russia: The Mediating Role of Brand Image and Perceived Quality","authors":"Yu Evgeniy, Kangmun Lee, Taewoo Roh","doi":"10.35611/jkt.2019.23.5.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2019.23.5.102","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This paper tried to identify the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on purchase intention (PI) of Korean-brand cars in the context of Russian consumers, taking into consideration the credibility, quality, and quantity of eWOM while also considering the mediation effects of brand image (BI) and perceived quality (PQ). Although there is a considerable number of studies discussing the impact of eWOM determinants on PI, not many studies were conducted focusing on the Russian market. <br><br>Design/methodology – This paper is considered to fill this gap between eWOM and (PI) and, in order to do so, 211 Russian respondents were randomly selected. Descriptive analysis, factor, and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS version 22.0. While structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS version 24.0.<br><br>Findings – The results display that, in terms of Russian consumers’ perception, eWOM credibility, quality, and quantity for Korean-brand cars show a substantial impact on PI. The mediation effects of brand image, as well as perceived quality, were also supported by analysis. In the final part of the paper, theoretical and managerial implications alongside limitations with further research suggestions are presented. <br><br>Originality/value – This study endeavored to explore the degree of impact of eWOM and mediating roles of BI and PQ on Russian customer intentions to buy Korean-brand cars.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115160555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Communicative Language Teaching Help Develop Students’ Competence in Thinking Critically?","authors":"Junko Winch","doi":"10.17323/JLE.2019.8486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/JLE.2019.8486","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Critical thinking is one of the non-subject related learning goals which students are expected to develop in British education. Undergraduate students are offered to study language through the Institution-Wide Language Programme (IWLP) in the UK and most language teachers use Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Paying attention to these two facts, this study investigates if CLT helps develop students’ critical thinking. Using Hofstede et al.’s educational culture as a framework, the underlying pedagogies for both CLT and critical thinking were identified and the similarities and differences are compared. It was concluded that CLT helps to develop students’ critical thinking as it shares with critical thinking pedagogies and elements of an educational culture. However, the pedagogy of independence was not shared. It is suggested that language teachers should give students the opportunity to think for themselves during class in order to encourage students’ independence using CLT. \u0000","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115803742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Americans’ Views of Cues to the Relative Credibility of Disputing Groups of Scientists","authors":"B. Johnson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3392532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3392532","url":null,"abstract":"Lay choices of which group of disagreeing scientists is correct can affect their attitudes and behaviors, making their self-reports on cues to disputants’ relative credibility a helpful complement to observational or experimental probes of cues actually used. A 2015 survey of Americans asked them to rate 22 cues—interests, shared values, credentials, performance, demographics, vote-counting, research quality—on their reliability regarding the competence of (groups of) scientists, availability in information sources, utility for the average American, and personal use, using three topics to illustrate disputes (dark matter, dietary salt, nanotechnology). Rating-implied or explicit rankings differed somewhat, but were highest for experience in the field, research quality (e.g., replication), and credentials (e.g., advanced degree in a closely related field). Regression analyses revealed main factors in these ratings were scientific positivism and understanding of scientific reasoning, with few significant associations for mistrust of scientists, interest in scientific disputes, dispute topics, and demographics.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117115824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Peel, A. Foerster, Brett H. Mcdonnell, H. Osofsky
{"title":"Governing the Energy Transition: The Role of Corporate Law Tools","authors":"J. Peel, A. Foerster, Brett H. Mcdonnell, H. Osofsky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3439212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3439212","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally the private sector has been considered a barrier to effective energy transition governance. However, in the wake of the 2015 Paris Agreement, a range of international initiatives have emerged that focus on enhancing the positive role of the private sector in energy transition governance. These developments reinforce a gradual international shift in the business community to view climate change in financial risk terms. Climate change seen as a matter of financial risk for corporations, and for the large institutional investors who invest in them, has the potential to engage corporate law tools, such as requirements for risk disclosure, shareholder actions and the fiduciary duties of company directors. This article explores the potential, and limitations, of such corporate law tools to drive private sector action on sustainable energy transition. The article draws on empirical research examining business perceptions and practices relating to climate risk management and promotion of clean energy sources. Although there are promising signs of a more serious consideration of climate risk in business decision-making, corporate practices around climate risk disclosure, and shareholder and board engagement with clean energy issues, remain highly variable and in flux. If corporate law tools are to make a more substantial contribution to energy transition governance, they will likely need to be complemented by a robust regulatory framework for greenhouse gas emissions reduction.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132650588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gorman, Colm Harmon, S. Mendolia, A. Staneva, I. Walker
{"title":"The Causal Effects of Adolescent School Bullying Victimisation on Later Life Outcomes","authors":"E. Gorman, Colm Harmon, S. Mendolia, A. Staneva, I. Walker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3390230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3390230","url":null,"abstract":"We use rich data on a cohort of English adolescents to analyse the long-term effects of experiencing bullying victimisation in junior high school. The data contain self-reports of five types of bullying and their frequency, for three waves of the data, when the pupils were aged 13 to 16 years. Using a variety of estimation strategies - least squares, matching, inverse probability weighting, and instrumental variables - we assess the effects of bullying victimisation on short- and long-term outcomes, including educational achievements, earnings, and mental ill-health at age 25 years. We handle potential measurement error in the child self-reports of bullying type and frequency by instrumenting with corresponding parental cross-reports. Using a detailed longitudinal survey linked to administrative data, we control for many of the determinants of bullying victimisation and child outcomes identified in previous literature, paired with comprehensive sensitivity analyses to assess the potential role of unobserved variables. The pattern of results strongly suggests that there are important long run effects on victims - stronger than correlation analysis would otherwise suggest. In particular, we find that both type of bullying and its intensity matters for long run outcomes.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114008740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economics of Parenting Skill and Child Development","authors":"Jun Hyung Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3503913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3503913","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops and tests a model of parental punishment in the context of parent-child interaction and child development. When the parent has better information than the child about the child's long-run returns to human capital, the child uses the parent's investment and punishment as noisy signals of what his optimal effort should be in both the short run and the long run. Punishment has a negative effect on the child's life cycle outcomes if it is used harshly and inconsistently with respect to child behavior. Conversely, punishment has positive effect on the child's life cycle outcomes if it is used moderately and consistently such that the parent can communicate to the child his optimal level of effort. Parents are heterogeneous in parenting skill, which is their ability to use punishment as a precise signal. The model suggests that punishment by itself can have either a positive or a negative effect on child outcomes, and thus the quality of punishment, not punishment itself, contributes to the child's human capital development. Experimental data from Germany shows that parenting skill can be improved through education and training, with behavioral improvement in the child observed as late as ten years after the intervention. Additionally, evidence from nationally representative data from the United States is consistent with model predictions.","PeriodicalId":395403,"journal":{"name":"Applied Communication eJournal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114591527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}