Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia最新文献

{"title":"Tin mineralization indicator in Sungai Bahoi-Charok Jawa area, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Kedah","authors":"F. Fauzi, Hamdan Ariffin","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202306","url":null,"abstract":"A study on tin (Sn) mineralization indicator in Sungai Bahoi-Charok Jawa area was conducted through detailed field geological mapping and stream sediment geochemistry analysis. The study area consists mainly of Late Triassic igneous intrusion and sedimentary rocks of Carboniferous Kubang Pasu Formation. The conducted field mapping has successfully discovered a band of brecciated phyllites along parts of granite – phyllite contact zone and a limestone hill with caves in the study area. Based on the geochemical results and interpretations, 6 multielement anomaly areas were delineated, where Sn exists as the main constituent.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41832649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical characterization of the weathering profile over a sheared, biotite-muscovite granite in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"John Kuna Raj","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202304","url":null,"abstract":"The weathering profile can be separated into an upper, 11.8 m thick pedological soil (zone I) comprising gravelly clayey sands and a lower, >31.9 m thick saprock (zone II) consisting of gravelly silty sands with distinct preservation of the minerals, textures and structures of the original granitic bedrock material and mass. Zone I can be separated into A, B and C soil horizons, whilst zone II can be differentiated into sub-zones IIA, IIB, IIC and IID based on differences in preservation of relict structures and content of core-boulders. The earth materials of zone I represent rock mass weathering grade VI, whilst those of sub-zones IIA and IIB represent grade V, and those of sub-zones IIC and IID represent grades IV and III respectively. Constant volume samples show the earth materials to have variable dry unit weights (11.98 to 17.66 kN/m3), but a limited range in specific gravity (2.62 to 2.70) due to similar primary and secondary minerals. The zone I earth materials have relatively large clay contents (>19%) and are more porous (33% to 55%) than those of zone II (36% to 44%) which have large silt contents (>23%). Sand contents are more variable (23% to 44%) though relatively large total sand and gravel contents (37% to 68%) point to the original, coarse grained granitic bedrock. Increasing clay contents (of kaolinite and illite) up the profile, and a corresponding decrease in silt contents (of mainly sericite), reflect increasing alteration of the bedrock; a feature also shown by increasing values of the textural weathering index (Iw). Distinct preservation of granitic textures and structures in saprock (zone II) indicate in situ alteration of bedrock; weathering resulting from gradual lowering of an unconfined groundwater table.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42227674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock mass classification for rock mass in tunnelling and underground excavation - Development, limitation and way forward","authors":"H. Hussin, M. H. Arifin","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202303","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, rock mass classification had been used intensively in engineering design. The concern arises for the potential occurrence of localized or global rock mass failure due to geological (such as discontinuities, water, weathering) and non-geological (such as construction load, vibration) factors should be taken into consideration. The ability of a classification system to represent the rock mass condition in a straightforward and effective way can assist in engineering works. Two classification systems can be applied in underground construction such as tunneling and mining. In tunnel construction, the Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q System, Japanese Highway (JH) Method, Geological Strength Index (GSI) and Rock Mass Quality Rating (RMQR) are commonly used. However, these systems cannot be applied for rock mass covered by shotcrete due to difficulty in observing the discontinuity planes. Therefore, a new investigation method and rock mass classification for rock mass covered by shotcrete is vital to overcome this limitation.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42976567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synopsis of Upper Tukau Deposits along the Sungai Rait Road, Miri District, Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"F. Kessler, J. Jong, R. Nagarajan","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202307","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Tukau Formation is exposed along the Sungai Rait Road and can be described as follows: the lowermost member is formed by soft clay and silt, the “Brick Shale”, and contains meandering sandy channels. The clay is thoroughly excavated in the area and used as raw material for bricks. The second and hilltop-forming layer is built by relatively hard amalgamated, and partly channelized sandstone layers, often lined with diagenetically precipitated iron minerals (i.e., pyrite and siderite concretions). The youngest member is characterized by intertidal channels and mud flats. Geochemical studies point to a polymictic source of already recycled sediments, deposited in predominantly oxic, partly suboxic environments, with rapid transitions observed from one milieu to the other. In broad terms, the entire sequence appears to be a shallowing-upwards cycle, leading from subtidal to intertidal realms. The surprising sharp boundaries between clay and sand packages are discussed and may be related to climate cycles.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48756898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A valuable approach in a quantitative seawater intrusion interpretation from the geoelectrical resistivity data for groundwater investigation in Dumai area, Indonesia","authors":"N. Islami, M. Irianti, Azhar Azhar, M. Nasir, M. Nor, F. Fakhruddin, Dedi Irawan","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202302","url":null,"abstract":"An improvement of geoelectrical resistivity interpretation has been done through this research. Up to now, the geoelectrical resistivity data was interpreted qualitatively especially in the case of the aquifer intruded by seawater, and the percentage of seawater mixture content in the aquifer cannot be predicted. In this research, a valuable approach was used in the prediction of percentage seawater mixture in the shallow aquifer that is intruded by seawater. The study was conducted in the coastal area which is mainly covered by peat soil. The research employed the direct soil resistivity measurement and the ground surface resistivity survey. Geoelectrical resistivity with the Wenner configuration was used for both measurements. The soil character and the fluid content in the soil were measured to obtain their correlation to the direct soil resistivity value. The results show that resistivity value is about 2-5 ohm.m for 50% seawater content mixture in aquifer and it increase to be 5-10 ohm.m for 25% seawater mix to freshwater in the aquifer. The increasing seawater content in the pore soil caused the decreases in resistivity value drastically. The percentage of seawater mixture in the fluid pore soil has been successfully predicted through the geoelectrical resistivity measurement on the surface.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Alstonia Angustiloba tree water uptake on slope stability: A case study at the unsaturated slope, Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"M. S. I. Zaini, M. Hasan, Muhammad Farhan Zolkepli","doi":"10.7186/bgsm75202305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm75202305","url":null,"abstract":"Although previous research has significantly enhanced our understanding of problematic and unsaturated soil behaviour and interaction with structures, there is still an urgent need to address the difficult scenarios that are met with problematic and unsaturated soils. This study examines the effects of tree water uptake at different depths and distances on the improvement of induced water uptakes caused by transpiration via mature Alstonia Angustiloba tree. This study is performed to examine the tree water uptake profile in a vegetated slope with the existence of mature Alstonia Angustiloba tree at the top and the stability of the slope during various precipitation penetration events by which the data of the tree water uptake produced within this section of the slope is recorded and implemented to evaluate the factor of safety (FOS). Slope stability analysis is further conducted to explore how plant transpiration affects slope stability. The results indicate that higher tree water uptake lead to the greatest increase of FOS of the slope up to 53% (from 2.17 to 4.57). The highest tree water uptake recorded was at the slope station with Alstonia Angustiloba tree with a depth of 0.25 m and a distance of 1.1 m from the tree. The tree water uptake utilized in this study can contribute to a carbon-free and eco-friendly approach which can be implemented globally to prevent slope failures.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization Of Lojing Hot Springs, Gua Musang, Kelantan From Geosciences Aspects","authors":"Nur Syazwani Izzati Abdul Rahim, M. H. Arifin, Muhammad Hasiib Mansor, M. Anuar, Nordiana MOHD MUZTAZA","doi":"10.7186/bgsm74202208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202208","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to identify and determine the relationship between geology, geophysics and geochemistry of the study area. Geophysical surveys were conducted to obtain the sub-surface profile and to relate it with lineament analysis. Based on gravity method analysis, it is interpreted that the study area consists of granite bedrock close to the surface which exhibits high gravity anomalies whereas low density rock areas with high fractures and lineaments exhibit low gravity anomaly values. The electrical resistivity survey shows that the study area is underlain by granite bedrocks which also proves that the origin of the hot springs are non-volcanic as no volcanic activity or rocks can be found around the study area. Resistivity values recorded for granite bedrock exceeded 900 Ωm. Based on the resistivity profile, it is also possible to determine the reservoir zone and fractured zone which shows the resistivity values between 0 Ωm to 250 Ωm. The direction of the lineaments on the resistivity profile together with gravity survey are parallel to the lineament analysis, which is Northeast-Southwest, Northwest-Southeast and North-South. The borehole log data also shows that the study area is underlain by granite bedrock and the hot water source in this area is from confined aquifer. Geochemical and geothermometry analysis were performed on 14 hot water samples. The results of geochemical analysis show that the average elements concentration is as follows; silica 277 ppm, calcium 2.00 ppm, magnesium 0.14 ppm, potassium 2.3 ppm, sodium 29 ppm, iron 0.12 ppm, bicarbonate 41 ppm, sulphate 18 ppm, chloride 1.5 ppm and fluoride 2.9 ppm. The calculation results of quartz geothermometry shows an average temperature of 203°C, while chalcedony geothermometry shows an average temperature of 177°C. The enthalpy for heating water calculated from quartz geothermometry using the Steam Table shows an average of 864 kJ/kg which can be interpreted as a mid-level enthalpy. The geology of the hot springs area shown in the geological map and lineament analysis map proves the relationship with the geophysical survey and borehole log data.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facies And Biofacies Of The Late Quaternary Deposits At West Johor, Malaysia: Indicators For Sea-Level Changes, Palaeoshoreline, And Palaeonvironment","authors":"A. Hashim, H. Jamil, R. Omar","doi":"10.7186/bgsm74202206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202206","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, sedimentological and foraminiferal analyses were conducted on two borehole samples (BH1 = 42 m and BH2 = 39 m) at Pontian in west Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. The sedimentological description established ten facies (A to J). They comprised three associations and two sedimentary environments (i.e., estuary and delta plain). The foraminiferal analysis identified four distinct biofacies through similarity plots of taxonomic compositions and their respective groups for each borehole. Each group was designated as Biofacies Ia to Id for BH1 and IIa to IId for BH2. The deposition began with the formation of a small tidal-dominated estuarine basin in the flooded palaeovalley and the subsequent development of a peat-forming estuarine channel that resulted from the flooding of a supratidal zone. Relative sea-level changes were assumed localised to a basin scale. The maximum limit of tidal influence was benchmarked using a mangrove classification for a terrestrial boundary. Based on the foraminiferal analysis, this study identified a few episodes of flooding events, implying the occurrence of several migrations of the paleoshoreline throughout the sequence that traced the configuration of the maximum paleoshoreline.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49334320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraplate Crustal Deformation In Sabah: Preliminary Results Of Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System Measurements In The Ranau Area","authors":"Bailon Golutin, F. Tongkul, Ismail Abd Rahim","doi":"10.7186/bgsm74202207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202207","url":null,"abstract":"The Ranau area is one of the most earthquake-prone areas in Sabah due to the ongoing intraplate deformation in the region. Numerous active faults have been mapped here, but to date these faults are yet to be fully documented in terms of their exact locations and movements. Since 2018, the Department of Mineral and Geoscience (JMG) has installed and monitored 31 GPS/GNSS (Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System) monuments in the Ranau area to determine crustal movements in this region. Preliminary results show minor horizontal and vertical movements (ranging from 0.1 cm to 4.3 cm) indicating that the Ranau area is undergoing intraplate crustal deformation due to both NW-SE compressional and extensional tectonics. A clear demarcation of upward and downward vertical movements recorded in areas to the NW and SE of Kundasang could be related to uplift and subsidence associated with a large open anticline and syncline. A consistent northwestward horizontal movement from Kundasang to Kota Belud indicates the presence of a single crustal block moving away from the NE-SW trending Lobou-Lobou Fault Zone. Southwestward horizontal movement in the Nalapak-Nabutan area indicates the presence of a NW-SE trending fault possibly associated with the Matupang Fault Zone. These preliminary results show that the GPS/GNSS campaign has proven to be quite successful in locating the major earthquake-generating faults in the Ranau area. However, the locations and nature of the movements of other active faults are still uncertain. It is hoped that the activity of these faults will become clearer after a few more years of monitoring.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42776433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural-Stratigraphic Framework And Petroleum Systems Of The Sandakan Basin, Offshore East Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"M. Madon, J. Jong","doi":"10.7186/bgsm74202209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202209","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of exploration activities in the Sandakan Basin offshore eastern Sabah, Malaysia, since the 1970s have yet to yield commercial hydrocarbon discoveries. Of the nineteen wells that have been drilled in the basin up to 2015, only five are classified as discoveries, all made between 1970 and 1995. There are essentially two main proven play types: (1) Early to Middle Miocene “Segama play”, in which the reservoir targets are the Tanjong Formation equivalents within the Segama Group, which were deposited as part of the synrift sequence. (2) Middle to Late Miocene “Sebahat play” in which the reservoirs belong to the Sebahat Formation, characterised by prograding deltaic shoreface and shelf sequences, advancing eastwards and southwards from an uplifting hinterland in central and northern Sabah. The best reservoir facies are shoreface sands, which have porosities greater than 20%, particularly at depths shallower than ~2000 m. Although the generative source rocks have not been penetrated, geochemical data indicate that they are present at depths greater than 3200 m. The source rocks are characterised by predominantly Type III and Types II/III organic matter, which are typical of deltaic settings. The data indicate that hydrocarbons were generated by source rocks with a maturity range of 0.7 – 0.8% vitrinite reflectance (Ro). The Sandakan Basin was affected by several compressional deformation events which are expressed as major erosional unconformities; most significantly, the Middle Miocene (“D2 event”, 13.0 Ma) and Late Miocene (“D3 event”, 8.6 Ma). The unconformities were the result of compression and faulting which, while being responsible for trap formation, may also pose significant risk to trap integrity and preservation. Modelling results indicate that hydrocarbon generation and migration took place during Late Miocene–Early Pliocene and continues today. The basin’s prospectivity, therefore, critically depends on the delicate interplay between the timing of trap formation and hydrocarbon migration. Understanding these processes requires detailed understanding of the structural evolution and petroleum systems of the basin.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}