Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia最新文献

{"title":"Crustal thickness and velocity structure of southern Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"A. Latiff, A. Khalil","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201802","url":null,"abstract":"The tectonic setting of Peninsular Malaysia can be described by three distinctive stratigraphic belts, known as Western, Central and Eastern belts. These Western and Eastern belts which were formed during the Paleo-Tethys subduction process in the Late Paleozoic are separated by the Bentong-Raub suture zone. Although there are various study had evaluated this formation process, the geological detail of the region’s crust is still unknown. The velocity and detail information of the Earth’s crust is crucial in determining the earthquake’s location and seismic hazard. Since the cost to conduct a large scale geophysical study to determine the Earth’s structure is high, a better and efficient method is by incorporating the receiver function method. The receiver function is computed from the tele-seismic earthquake waveform which involve P-wave, P-S wave and pPpS + pPsS multiple phases recorded by a three-component seismogram. In this work, the data recorded at the two broadband seismometer stations located in Kota Tinggi, Johor (KOM station) and Singapore (BTDF station) (Figure 1), were investigated for the receiver function analysis, crustal thickness estimation through H-k method and waveform inversion for 1-D velocity. There are a total of 448 (for KOM station) (Figure 2) and 73 (for BTDF station) tele-seismic earthquakes which occurred in between 2005 to 2016, were evaluated for the crustal thickness and velocity structure analysis. From the H-k thickness analysis, the Moho boundary was found at 35km (Figure 3) and 30km for region beneath KOM and BTDF","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater processes in a sandbar-regulated estuary, Mengabang Telipot, Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"M. Koh, E. Sathiamurthy, Peter R. Parham","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201806","url":null,"abstract":"A study of groundwater processes in a sandbar-regulated estuary has been conducted at Mengabang Telipot, located in Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Beach groundwater level, salinity and dissolved phosphate (PO4 3-) were investigated at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Establishment of distinctive hydrodynamic characteristics in the beach groundwater system were observed as the mouth of the estuary varied between an open sea connection and closure resulting from sandbar development. Sandbar and tidal dynamics regulate the interactions between beach groundwater, estuary and sea. When the estuary was closed, intertidal activities had minor effects on groundwater level. The groundwater level increased through time due to rainfall infiltration and seepage from barrier bar and inland sand ridges. When the sandbar opened, the beach groundwater level was tidally-controlled and the interactions between groundwater, estuary and sea were dependent on the tidal-induced hydraulic gradient. Hydraulic head difference between the beach groundwater system and the inland water table aquifer, which was controlled by the closing and opening of the estuary, strongly influenced salinity and PO4 3distributions. High PO4 3concentrations in beach groundwater was attributed to density-driven circulation and low seepage velocity.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41244963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical characteristics and distribution of bottom sediments from the Kelantan River Delta towards the South China Sea continental shelf, Malaysia","authors":"N. N. M. Radzir, C. Ali, K. Mohamed","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201812","url":null,"abstract":"The preponderance of sedimentological studies in the Kelantan River Delta onwards South China Sea shelf has led to a relatively good understanding on the sediments distribution and characteristics. The sediments of the area vary from very poorly sorted to very well sorted mixtures of sand, silt and clay and can be divided into three groups. Textural analysis of 65 surficial sediment samples showed that group 1 (silty) has a silt percentage of 65% to 85%, group 2 (silty sand) is dominated by sand ranging from 64% to 88% with the silt size varying between 12% to 23% and group 3 (sandy) is made up of 78% to 100% sand and 0% to 22% silt. Mineralogical analyses showed that the samples are dominated by polycrystalline sutured and straight boundary quartz as well as monocrystalline quartz. Small amounts of feldspar, mica and lithic fragments are present, while organic material is abundant. A semi-quantitative analysis of quartz grains surface texture and morphology was used to interpret the history of the grains. Six types of grains have been recognized; (a) irregular shape with various angles; (b) irregular surfaces with fractured plate and elongated fragments; (c) well rounded, with V marks, oriented etched pits on surface and protruding edges; (d) irregular breakage with rough texture on planar surface, adhering particles with uneven grooves and V marks with dimensions of <2μm; (e) irregular shape with rounded protruding edges, rough surface with oriented etched pits and V marks with dimensions of <2μm and adhering particles with trail of abrasion; and (f) very rough surface with irregular shape and protruding edges, abundant cracks and detachment of small particles and etching holes, V marks > 2μm dimension. In terms of distribution it can be divided into two sedimentological provinces according to the interrelationship between grain size, mineralogy, textural and morphology of sediment. Province A covers the shallower parts of the study area, which accumulated a large amount of silt and clay that possibly originated from the nearby land areas brought down by the Kelantan River and deposited as Recent sediments. Province B which covers most of the outer part of the shelf area, contains Recent and relict sediments with lesser amounts of inland sediment input. The relict sediments consist of oceanic sub-arkosic sand, which was deposited circa 5000 yr. BP during the mid Holocene relative sea-level low stand.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration potential for stratigraphic traps in Field X, Malay Basin","authors":"Muhammad Hazmi Abdul Malik, S. Lo, A. Rafek","doi":"10.7186/bgsm66201815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm66201815","url":null,"abstract":"Interpretation and recognition of stratigraphic features using 3-D seismic data requires good understanding on structural geology, geophysics and stratigraphy. The objective was to re-evaluate the hydrocarbon potential in Field X, Malay Basin focusing on the Early to Middle Miocene succession. The field is located offshore about 200+ km north – east from the Kemaman supply base, Terengganu. Based on the generated time slice of the seismic attribute, several geomorphological features were observed including channel direction, type of channels, sinuosity, channel width, meandering wavelength, crevasse splay and point bar within Group F, H and I formation. The fluvial sandstone might be promising for stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps for Field X since this field is in low structural traps as confirmed by previous exploration. Furthermore, high resolution 3D seismic data assisted the author in diagnosing the depositional environment and predicting the channel pattern throughout the vertical seismic successions. The identification of reservoir potential was determined through several methods such as seismic interpretation, well log correlation, attribute analysis and spectral decomposition. Subtle feature in seismic slices became more visible through spectral decomposition. Finally, structural modeling aided the interpreter in the interpretation of the seismic section as well as reducing the geological uncertainty of the field.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41580149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobility of cadmium in granitic soil using batch and mini column tests","authors":"Nur Aishah Zarime, W. Z. Yaacob","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201805","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the physico-chemical properties of granitic residual soils and the effectiveness of using batch and column tests to study the migration and sorption of heavy metal (Cadmium) through compacted soil layer. Granitic residual soil was taken from Broga, Selangor and this material has undergone physical-chemical tests conducted based on British Standard Method, BS1377 (1990). For sorption analysis, batch and mini column infiltration tests were conducted according to USEPA (1992) and Antoniadis et al. (2007) methods, respectively. For batch test, results showed that Kd values for both single and mixture solutions were fitted to Linear equations (R 2> 0.8). For Langmuir Isotherm, only mixture solution (KL=0.0015 L/g; R 2= 0.9353) was fitted to the isotherm while for Freundlich Isotherm, only single solution (KF=0.0137 L/g; R 2= 0.9266) was fitted to the isotherm. The curve of adsorbed heavy metal concentration, qe versus equilibrium concentration, Ce showed that the sorption of Cd was increased with the equilibrium concentration, until at one point the sorption was decreased. The adsorption capacity, qe and distribution coefficient, Kd of single solution (maximum adsorption, qe= 1.10 mg/g; Kd=0.0062 L/g) were higher compared to mix solution (maximum adsorption, qe= 0.12 mg/g; Kd=0.0022 L/g). For mini column infiltration test, different G-force (ranged from 230-g to 1440-g) and different types of solutions (single and mixture solutions) were studied in this research. The breakthrough curves showed the concentration of Cd has become higher with the increasing of G-force. The sorption capacity in single and mixture solutions could be ranked as 230-g>520-g>920-g>1440-g. The increasing of G-force also reduced the Kd values. The Kd values for single solution were also higher compared to mixture solution due to zero competition for adsorption of metals thus, Kd values increased. The comparison between batch and column infiltration has also been studied in order to know the better sorption analysis. In both single and mixture solutions, Kd in batch test showed higher values (single solution, Kd= 6.2 L/kg and mixture solution, Kd= 2.2 L/kg) compared to all Kd values in column infiltration test. Results demonstrated that mobility and sorption of Cd were highly depended on physical and chemical properties of the soil. Study also showed that both sorption test have different effects on mobility of heavy metals through soils. The column infiltration test gave the exact values of qe and Kd compared to the batch test since the condition of columns method applied were similar to the natural soil conditions.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir characteristics of carbonates build-ups in southern Central Luconia Province: A study based on different scales","authors":"N. Hamdan, S. Jamaludin","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201813","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the reservoir distribution and characteristics of different carbonate build-ups/morphologies in Central Luconia Province, focusing on two carbonate build-ups in the southern part of the province. Both geological (core) and geophysical (seismic and well logs) data were used throughout the study to provide different scales and resolution of the study area. The evaluation of reservoir qualities for each carbonate build-ups in this area was done for Cycles III and IV carbonates. The findings showed that both fields have different reservoir distribution in terms of porosity and lithology. Pinnacle build-ups has fair to good porosity with decreasing occurrence of dolomite relative to depth while the carbonate platform has poor to fair porosity due to higher mud content compared to the pinnacle-type. Cleaner carbonates can be found in the pinnacle platform with lower gamma ray log reading. Different lithologies can also be observed in these two fields. For example, the pinnacle platform has lithology ranging from packstone to rudstone while the carbonate platform has lithology of packstone to grainstone with a higher mud content. The result concluded that the reservoir quality of the pinnacle build-up is better than the carbonate platform.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of transient electromagnetic method (TEM) technique in South-East Asia: Case studies from onshore Sarawak and North Sumatra","authors":"Y. Agafonov, I. Buddo, O. Tokareva, M. S. M. Ali, M. M. Salleh","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201801","url":null,"abstract":"Application of electromagnetic methods for oil and gas exploration is developing world-wide. Two main types of electromagnetic (EM) methods are applied: natural source (magnetotelluric – MT) and methods with an artificial source of the EM field (Time-Domain EM – TDEM, Frequency-Domain EM – FDEM). For onshore hydrocarbon exploration the transient electromagnetic method in frequency or time domain mode is highly efficient. The role of EM methods is increasing in areas with poor seismic data quality, non-structural fields and zones with complex sedimentary cover. Joint interpretation of EM data with seismic or other geological data is a way to reduce the risks and optimize the process of geophysical investigation. Using TEM for oil and gas exploration it is possible to study the resistivity of sedimentary layers from surface to basement and additional information can be received from the induced polarization (IP) results. The paper is devoted to application of different combination of EM methods – TEM and EM-IP for oil and gas exploration. Electroprospecting surveys have been performed over one of the blocks in the Southeast Asia i.e. in Sarawak and North Sumatra. Two techniques were used: Transient Electromagnetic Soundings in Time Domain (TEM) and Induced Polarization Electromagnetic method (EM-IP). The objective is to conduct a comprehensive study of the sedimentary cover using TDEM. This includes mapping of zones with potential reservoirs properties from TEM, and to qualify these areas with Induced Polarization (IP) anomalies, usually related to presence of hydrocarbon system.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stratigraphy of southwest Sabah","authors":"Tracy Binti Guan Leong, S. Tahir, J. Asis","doi":"10.7186/bgsm66201809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm66201809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability characterisation of weathered sedimentary rocks using slake durability index and jar slake test","authors":"Jia Mang Wong, A. G. M. Rafek","doi":"10.7186/bgsm66201811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm66201811","url":null,"abstract":"Weathering causes the rocks to loose their original strength and the increment in slakability can trigger slope instability. Furthermore, weathering of heterogeneous sedimentary rock mass produces a non-systematic weathering profile that is dependent on the characteristics of the unweathered, interbedded sedimentary sequence. However, the increase in slakability limits sampling of rocks for physical and mechanical rock tests. Thus, slake durability test and jar slake test have been applied to characterise a sedimentary rock mass weathering profile. The advantages of these methods are in the simple test procedures which only requires small size of rock block samples and relatively low cost testing equipments. The study was conducted at a roadcut that consists of Kati Formation which had undergone slight to complete weathering. Results show that the durability decreases with increases of weathering grades. However, presence of iron staining and iron recementation improve the rock durability. Completely weathered sandstone has the mean second cycle slake durability index, Id2 of 0.3 % to 15.0 %, highly weathered sandstone is from 22.0 % to 67.0 %, slightly weathered sandstone is 87.0 % to 98.0 % depending on the presence of iron recementation and fresh sandstone is 91.0 %. For mudstone, mean Id2 for completely weathered is 2.0 % while highly weathered mudstone is 12.0 %. Moderately weathered mudstone has an average value of 68.0 %. Mean Id2 for slightly weathered shale, is 83.0 % and slightly weathered chert has the average Id2 of 98.0 %. Jar slake test has the advantage to differentiate between highly weathered and completely weathered sandstone and mudstone. Completely weathered rocks have higher slaking properties where the rock samples breakdown completely. For highly weathered rocks, the breakdown is into chips and fractures. Jar slake test is suitable only for weathered rocks with slake durability value, Id2 below 25 %.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ayer Chawan Facies, Jurong Formation, Singapore: Age and observation of syndepositional pyroclastic sedimentation process with possible peperite formation","authors":"K. Winn, L. Wong, K. Zaw, Jay M. Thompson","doi":"10.7186/BGSM66201804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7186/BGSM66201804","url":null,"abstract":"The Ayer Chawan Facies is one of the volcano-sedimentological facies belonging to the Jurong Formation in Singapore. The geology of the south-western Jurong Island had never been documented before the island was reclaimed in 1998. The present geological, sedimentological and geochronological study of the Ayer Chawan Facies was undertaken as part of an underground rock caverns storage project which was carried out from 2009 to 2014. The Ayer Chawan Facies is composed mainly of grey to black mudstone interbedded with grey siltstone/sandstone. In addition, the pyroclastic rocks of varying thickness are also intercalated with the sedimentary rocks. The pyroclastic rocks yielded an U-Pb zircon age of 240.6 ± 1.2 Ma (Middle Triassic) as determined by Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA ICP-MS). Based on the stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence of the presence of peperitic textures/structures, it is interpreted that the pyroclastic rocks were emplaced into the sediments during deposition which was still in a wet and unconsolidated condition.","PeriodicalId":39503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45084583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}