Neuropsychoanalysis最新文献

{"title":"From clinical case reports to empirical and theoretical approaches in neuropsychoanalysis","authors":"I. Biran, R. Coetzer, Daniela Flores Mosri, P. Moore, D. Olds","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2144936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2144936","url":null,"abstract":"Research in neuropsychoanalysis has been supported by different methods that are crucial to stimulate rich discussions. From quantitative to qualitative studies, topics of interest are investigated from different perspectives. In addition, theory is enriched by empirical findings, and vice versa. In this issue of the journal, we have a number of important contributions using different approaches to further develop neuropsychoanalytic ideas. It is our pleasure to present Otto Kernberg’s response to commentaries on his important and elegant Target Article, which appeared in the previous issue of the Journal, entitled “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory” (Kernberg, 2022). Dr. Kernberg has, in recent years, been developing an increased interest in neuropsychoanalysis; in the Article, we see an advanced sophistication and creative contribution to that discipline emerging from his own development of object relations theory. In recent writing, he describes the numerous connections between the two models, which now can be seen as enriching each other. The Target Article was followed by thirteen very interesting commentaries by leading minds in our field, producing a rich and complex view of his recently developed model. Time and space considerations made it useful to present his response to the commentaries in this issue of the Journal. Dr. Kernberg is clearly appreciative of the wide theoretical range in the commentaries, and he gives real thought to responding to both the agreement and the questions raised by the commentators. We learn a great deal from this dialogue. In our Original Articles section, we have two rich papers which emerge from qualitative and quantitative approaches, respectively. First, Lawrence Fischman has provided us with an exciting, informative and educational article in an emerging area of neuropsychoanalytical clinical interest. The phenomenon of psychedelic insight is explored through the experience of a young man affected with alcoholism who had a dramatic and unexpected change in perception after a psychedelic experience. One significant consequence of the young man’s experience was the new capacity to see himself objectively from a third party perspective. This aspect of the young man’s experience, and other psychedelic phenomena, are discussed in the paper through the lens of four models: Mark Solms’ model of the conscious id; Karl Friston’s free energy model; Daniel Stern’s model of the infant’s interpersonal world; and Peter Fonagy’s concept of epistemic trust. In this fascinating article, Fischman elaborates on earlier propositions that high doses of psychedelic drugs may bring about “a dissolution of the ego” similar to those seen in dream states and in the psychoses. An interesting parallel is drawn between these psychedelic induced states and primary process cognition. The article concludes that the psychedelically assisted therapist, attuned to these prima","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"123 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion of the comments on my paper “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory”","authors":"O. Kernberg","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2134189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2134189","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion of the comments on my paper “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory” Otto F. Kernberg Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Personality Disorders Institute, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Westchester Division, White Plains, NY, USA; Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, New York, NY, USA","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"127 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42239460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating primary emotional systems and the Big Five of Personality including their relations in patients with major depression and healthy control persons","authors":"C. Montag, Simon Sanwald, Katharina Widenhorn-Müller, M. Kiefer","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2140694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2140694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This study investigates two concurrent personality theories in the context of depression: Pankseppian affective neuroscience theory (ANT) describes primary emotional systems related to depression, whereas in the five-factor model (FFM), neuroticism is most robustly related with depression. Of note, ANT has been established via neuroscientific cross-mammalian-research, while the FFM belongs to the realm of Big Five personality theory, which has been established by a lexical approach. This study aimed to investigate whether the previously suggested systems or factors in depression within each of these approaches would correspond with depression, and with each other across factors/systems, in a single large sample of patients with major depression (n = 184) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 183). Subjects filled in the NEO-FFI and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) along with Beck’s Depression Inventory-II. In line with the literature, depressed patients demonstrated higher FEAR/SADNESS and lower SEEKING/PLAY scores when applying ANT. Also consistent with the literature, higher neuroticism scores could be observed in the depressed sample compared to the control sample. Against the background of ANT, we suggest that Panksepp’s FEAR/SADNESS might be the “bottom-up” drivers of the personality trait neuroticism. The present study shows that the observed differences in SEEKING, FEAR, and SADNESS between depressed and healthy control participants are in line with the literature and therefore can be seen as robust. The same is true for the differences in neuroticism between both samples. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the NEO-FFI and ANPS in depression research.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"149 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47618910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing oneself through the eyes of another: A look at psychedelic insight","authors":"Lawrence G. Fischman","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2052163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2052163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A young man who was destroying his life with alcohol had a remarkable, unexpected change in perspective after drinking Robitussin in desperation. His experience had the hallmarks of a state of ego dissolution commonly seen with psychedelic drugs. He felt he could see himself “objectively, from a third-party perspective.” After this psychedelic experience, he stopped drinking. I apply four models (Solms, Friston/Carhart-Harris, Stern, and Fonagy) to explore how and why this experience, in which he had a sense of seeing himself through the eyes of another, was so transformative. The models reveal surprising areas of convergence. This phenomenon, or something like it, plays a crucial role in forming one's sense of self during development, and changing one's sense of self in psychotherapy. Looking at the young man's experience with these models in mind sheds light on the nature of psychedelic insight, which in turn sheds light on the models themselves. Psychedelics engender regression to earlier modes of perception and feeling that characterize pre-verbal self-with-other experience, which fade when defense mechanisms begin to distort objectivity, and language, paradoxically, limits what one can share. Seeing one's self through the eyes of another may be an implied mechanism of change even when not overtly recognized. With this model in mind, the attuned psychedelic-assisted therapist may discern its presence (or perhaps even its telling absence), in the shadows or contours of primary process material, and may, through its interpretation, enable the subject to see himself more clearly.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"133 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory” by Otto Kernberg","authors":"F. Busch","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2054855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2054855","url":null,"abstract":"Many psychoanalysts believe that neuroscience inherently can and should influence psychoanalysis, and it is crucial to examine and incorporate relevant information (Busch, 2019b), whereas others speak, sometimes vehemently, of the irrelevance and even damage of applying these findings to psychoanalysis (Blass & Carmeli, 2007). Therefore, for psychoanalysts writing in this area, it is important to be specific about how neuroscience affects their theoretical and clinical perspectives. Psychoanalysts also need to be alert for confirmation bias, slanting neuroscientific findings to fit their preexisting conceptions and approaches. Dr. Kernberg makes a strong case for the relevance of neuroscience to psychoanalytic concepts of drive and the dynamic unconscious but is less clear about its impact on technique. His conclusions raise important questions about and possible reformulations of psychoanalytic theory and treatment regarding the nature of affect and drive, self and other representations, the structure of the unconscious, unformulated experience, the impact of trauma, and the role of the body.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"17 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Otto Kernberg’s “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory”","authors":"Larry S. Sandberg","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2056070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2056070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Otto Kernberg reaffirms the central motivational role of affects in his object relations theory by incorporating the seminal work of Jaak Panksepp’s affective neuroscience. At the same time, he retains a dual drive model that posits libido and aggression as both a supraordinate level of development and etiologic of all unconscious conflict. The neuroscience he relies upon suggests alternative perspectives. Kernberg’s dynamic unconscious postulates the essential role of declarative memory regarding the neurotic use of repression and the more primitive dissociative defenses in sicker patients. This view is compared to that of Mucci, who sees dissociation as procedural memory. I suggest a broader conceptualization of the dynamic unconscious that takes into account, as Kernberg states, its infantile origins and incorporates the nonverbal symbolic realm of experience.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"55 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49117806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Studies in Neuropsychoanalysis Revisited","authors":"H.T.W. Boerboom","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2056907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2056907","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty years ago, Kaplan-Solms and Solms (K-S&S) published Clinical Studies in Neuro-Psychoanalysis. The subtitle must have surprised many: “Introduction to a depth neuropsychology.” In their book, a new way of looking at the effect of brain lesions was introduced; new for most readers except, perhaps, for those who had studied and followed the work of Alexander Luria, the Russian neurologist who had studied Freud. The book was seen as tackling the implicit challenge posed by Freud in 1895, when he abandoned his “Project.” It showed that the time for combining neurology and psychoanalysis had come (Reiser, 2002). This new book, a revisiting of the subject, no longer hyphenated, is an interesting blend of history and contemporary science. It consists of three parts: an intro and an outro, eight case histories, and three chapters that each show a road from different “schools” of psychoanalysis to neuropsychoanalysis. The meat, muscles, of the book are eight case-histories; the structure, or bones, of the book are the introduction and final thoughts; the sinews that bind these together are three “Neuropsychoanalyses.” The whole body shows where the depth neuropsychology, introduced by the authors (K-S&S) now stands as “Project Neuropsychoanalysis.” My scientific interest in psychoanalysis dates back to the seventies of the last century, the period in which articles indicating a brewing crisis within the world of psychoanalysis were published (see, for example, Freud, 1976; Green, 1975; Rangell, 1975; Shengold, 1976). There were many different schools, each sure that their interpretation of Freud was the right one. On top of that internal debate came a struggle for survival for psychoanalysis itself. The rise of CBT and medication, both cheaper and scientifically more acceptable, meant that psychoanalytic therapy was losing patients. And patients, the subjects of therapy, were the only source of psychoanalytic theory and of income for the therapists). Psychoanalysis retreated from the scientific world, from universities. This was the world into which Mark Solms entered when starting his neuropsychological studies in the eighties.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are object relations temporal? From the brain’s intrinsic neural timescales over temporo-spatial alignment to object relations","authors":"G. Northoff","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2053192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2053192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What are object relations? Otto Kernberg raises this question and addresses it in an excellent way recruiting much of current neuroscientific literature. There is a yet deeper dimension, the brain’s inner time. Inner time means that the brain constructs its own inner timescales: it has various timescales in its neural activity through which it processes external inputs – the external inputs are thus “filtered” through the brain’s various timescales. The brain’s timescales are described as “intrinsic neural timescales” (INT) which can be measured by the degree of the correlation of the signal with itself, i.e. autocorrelation window (ACW). The term window describes it well: the brain has several temporal windows through and by means of which it processes and relates to external inputs which, on the psychodynamic level, surfaces as object relations.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"47 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory” by Otto Kernberg","authors":"D. Tuckett","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2054461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2054461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Otto Kernberg provides us with a detailed and sophisticated account of how contemporary evidence from neuroscience can be fitted into the ego psychological-framed object relations theory that he has been developing for many years. In this commentary, I frame the clinical lessons to be drawn from this and other neuroscience evidence by considering four questions that every psychoanalyst answers, explicitly or implicitly, whenever they are at work. What is it that is unconscious in a session? What is it that is repeated to produce the problems patients have? What goes on in a session? How can analysis work and what should we communicate to patients? Although knowledge of neurobiology cannot substitute for clear theory about how to conduct psychoanalysis or the need to manage the emotional challenge of adopting a psychanalytically framed disposition, I suggest it can help us to distinguish aspects of theory and practice that do not stand the test of time and so help to clean up and clarify the specificity of psychoanalysis.","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"61 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The many faces of neuropsychoanalysis – from the classic theoretical concepts of acting out and enactment to object relations and the motivational-energization aspects of brain injury","authors":"I. Biran, Daniela Flores Mosri, D. Olds","doi":"10.1080/15294145.2022.2072377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2022.2072377","url":null,"abstract":"Psychoanalytic theory attempts to advance previous conceptualizations of its main ideas to improve our understanding of the human mind. By relying on clinical observations and the construction of hypotheses, crucial themes are questioned, discussed, and elaborated. Although things are changing, within psychoanalysis proper it is still relatively rare to see the inclusion of knowledge coming from fields different from psychoanalysis. Neuropsychoanalysis has always provided a space for integrating models and data from other disciplines. This issue presents several outstanding papers that take up that challenge, and cover important topics such as object relations theory, enactment and acting out, and the motivation/energization function of the mental apparatus. Our Target Article in this issue is an important paper by Otto Kernberg (2021) entitled “Some Implications of New Developments in Neurobiology for Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory.” This integrative article by one of the most esteemed and prominent psychoanalytic theoreticians sheds new light on the subject of object relations theory and its importance in the growing integration with neuropsychoanalysis. Dr. Kernberg has made major contributions to recent object-relations models and their relationship with ego-psychology, Kleinian theory, and self-psychology. He leads the team practicing the model of transference focused psychotherapy, which is contributing to the psychotherapy of borderline syndromes. In this Target Article he summarizes his well-known model of the three-stage development of the self from infancy, to an intermediate or borderline level, to the more adult neurotic level, and here he brings in the information from neuropsychoanalysis and many aspects from brain models. He sets the stage by summarizing the recent history of the ascendance of the model of affect theory as foundational in the understanding of mind and brain processes. And he extends this to an advanced theory of object relations. In his model, divided positive and negative affects become important in the creation of the self, and the relations of the self with others. He correlates these phenomena with neuroscience findings, and develops a complex model that embraces the primary and secondary unconscious, and the experience of the various affects, all of which contribute to the functional development of the self. The process he describes is still evolving, although it now makes sense as a multi-level mental structure. And in this venture, we have invited commentaries, and they may very well contribute to this evolution. We have 13 of them and they expand, agree, and disagree with different aspects of Kernberg’s model. The authors are Simon Boag, Fredric Busch, Charles Fisher, Robert Galatzer-Levy, Leon Hoffman, Luba and Richard Kessler, Richard Lane, Nancy McWilliams, Georg Northoff, Donald Pfaff, Larry Sandberg, David Tuckett, and Yoram Yovell. Dr. Kernberg’s response to these commentaries will appear in t","PeriodicalId":39493,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychoanalysis","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}