Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Peer Tutoring and Scaffolding Principle for Inclusive Teaching","authors":"Giuliana Nardacchione, Guendalina Peconio","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-nape","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-nape","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the theoretical references that the literature offers with respect to the principle of scaffolding and to the methodology of Peer Tutoring from an inclusive perspective. The principle of scaffolding, in fact, has its roots in the first definitions by Vygotskij (1978a) who defines it as the social support provided to the student during the completion of a learning task to solve a problem or achieve a goal. Subsequently, this principle has been declined in an inclusive perspective with respect to classroom management and with respect to new transmedia learning environments. The reference literature was reviewed to highlight the learning outcomes related to the principle of cognitive, metacognitive and emotional scaffolding. In addition, from the point of view of classroom management from an inclusive perspective, a declination that is effective refers to Peer Tutoring. This methodology aims to promote mutual interactions mediated by peers in order to optimize individual functioning and promote the holistic development of the parties involved. Therefore, the Peer Tutoring methodology was highlighted with reference to both the theoretical and practical components of the studies investigated.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116027984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sexistential Vulnerability of Bodies in Contact in the Philosophy of Jean-Luc Nancy","authors":"F. R. Recchia Luciani","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-recc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-recc","url":null,"abstract":"The philosophy of sexual existence as a mode of expression of the “con-being”, pivotal in his book “Sexistence”, occupies a relevant space in Jean-Luc Nancy’s late philosophical production. In this text, the body, the touch, the sex are protrusions that dot a conceptual map that is the result of a long philosophical militancy marked by an authentic “haptic ontology”, a sign of a thought of relationality, interdependence and “sexistencial vulnerability” that connotes the bodies in contact that we all are. But Nancy goes so far as to elaborate a “trans-ontology” through which the “r-existence (resistance) of sexistence” is manifested, that is to say that stubborn rejection of distinct and different bodies to the homologation and uniformity of the identical and of the identity shared by “trans-feminism” which makes its strong point of the inexhaustible combinatorics of the sexes. Thus, both for the sexistencial approach and for the transfeminist one, at the heart of every theory are the lives and practices of distinct and different sexual bodies in relation.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134502855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-Ego after Freud: A Lesson not to Be Forgotten","authors":"L. Traetta, Federica Doronzo","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-trdo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-trdo","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to retrace the evolution of the super-ego, in psychoanalysis and phenomenology, describing its effects on education, starting with the formation of individual morality. In the broadest sense, the reflection concerns not only the role that the family can play in this direction, but above all the contribution that schools can make to the formation of individual morality. The structuring of the super-ego is thus built up in the family system by being influenced by the socio-educational environment. The importance of a healthy structuring of the super-ego emerges in the increased risk of alteration of the intersubjective sphere, in cases of dysregulation of the super-ego, a process that is fundamental to psychotic disorder.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130506738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature and Pandemic","authors":"Ricardo Espinoza Lolas","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-espi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-espi","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows how the Covid-19 pandemic is not only a matter associated with nature, but it is an essential topic in order to understand humanity today, because at the beginning of the pandemic it was immediately shown that nature was behind this disaster, because it was, in a certain way, taking revenge on the humans. After all, the very conception of nature that we use today is a human conception, created from the subjectivity of the Self, that goes hand in hand with the modern creation of the nation-state. Nature, nation-state, etc., are creations of the Self and in this way nature is understood as something objective, but at the same time the human subject treats himself as an object. Here lies the very problem, because neither the Self nor the nature behave in an objective way, but both moments are made visible from a dynamic articulation of the movement of one in the other. This vision was part of the conception of the ancient Greeks and by Nietzsche and other current thinkers such as Žižek.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functioning of Declarative Memory: Intersection between Neuropsychology and Mathematics","authors":"Federica Doronzo, Gianvito Calabrese","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-doca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-doca","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of memory has been a constant challenge for scientific research for centuries. The mnemonic processes, which determine the identity of the human being, have been investigated through multiple points of view, such as the psychological, neurophysiological and physical ones. The result is complex and multifaceted visions that should be integrated to provide a unitary and complete interpretation. A survey of the most recent scientific literature is carried out on the functioning of declarative memory, to analyse the relationship between real information coming from the outside world, the encoded event and the recovered memory. The aim of the essay is to investigate the neural correlates, which regulate the cognitive system in question, through a dual neuropsychological-mathematical interpretation. Neuropsychology sheds light on the anatomical, physiological and psychic mechanisms of memory while Mathematics associates the corresponding mathematical configurations to neural networks. The reunification process between the two disciplines is achieved  through neuromorphic computational simulation that emulates mind uploading. The assembly of artificial neurons has the potential to clarify in detail the memory processes, the functioning of neural correlates and to carry out the mapping of the biological brain. We hope that the results obtained will provide new knowledge on mnestic mechanisms to contribute to the evolution of disciplines such as General Psychology, Forensic Neuroscience, Cognitive Rehabilitation and Awake Surgery.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vagaries of the Superego","authors":"S. Žižek","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-zize","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-zize","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the distinction between “ideal ego”, “ego-ideal” and “superego” structured from the Imaginary-Symbolic-Real triad made by Lacan, this study investigates how is possible to distinguish the a-sexual social space from the domain of libidinally-cathexed interactions. Through the analysis of Balibar’s, Miller’s, Schuster’s and Hägglund’s ideas, paths and strategies are defined to analyze the existing dynamics between symbolic power, law and superego. What emerges is the reconstruction of a new subjectivity which is capable, at the same time, to overcome the jouissance-superego dynamic at the basis of Lacanian reflection and face the challenges of contemporary post-humanism. Therefore, what subject stands for is the inhuman core of being-human, what Hegel called selfrelating negativity, what Freud called death drive. The text proposes, in short, how the Subject is what is in a human being more than human, the immortality of the deathdrive which makes it a living dead, something that insists beyond the cycle of life and death.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126279347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Liquid” Identity and Otherness in the Phenomenon of Religious Alienation: The Loss of Critical Thinking and the “Barter” of the Self in the System of Communion","authors":"Daniela Savino","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-savi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-savi","url":null,"abstract":"The “interior space” (Guardini, 1997) is inevitably influenced by the “external space”, which can be the mother, the inter-personal relationships, the local community with all its particular declinations (community of peers, scholastic, academic, working, etc.) or society in general; yet the educational relationship (Kanitsa & Mariani, 2017), in particular in the parental and religious sphere, has the main function of “forming” the pupil, as a child or adult, student, or faithful; in the same way, also the whole society in which one is immersed is understood as an “external environment” which continuously influences the formation of an individual. Indeed, for the purposes of this analysis, is interesting to note what Marcuse writes about the constitution of the “conceptual paradigm” of a society: he warns of the fact that when a society is imbued with a certain ideology, it seems that it is “inhabited” by a paradox; since “Ideologies in particular tend to remain entangled in the dilemmas of the paradox, especially if their metaphysics is anti-metaphysics” (Marcuse, 1999, p. 189). What intervenes as a matrix and “interferes” in the educational process, and so what constitutes the original source from which an education springs out and which, therefore, creates an “educational interference” (Demetrio, 2020, p. 5), is undoubtedly multiple and multi factorial, not reducible to a single root. Precisely for this reason, in this investigation, various paradigmatic educational sources will be taken in consideration, also crossing the Global and Digital (Byung-Chul Han, 2015) dimensions typical of our age, since they act as a “stimulus” and so they are understood as “educating forces”. These “forces” appear to be marked, each internally, by a paradoxical logic: they could be realized, indeed, not only as “educational forces” but also as “alienating forces”. It seems that we face a “power” then, which, taking the place of the authentic and beneficial “religious” or parental “care”, “sets” a new bond of Attachment (Bowlby, 1972, 1975, 1983), capable of emulating some significant aspects of care or relationship, infusing instead, discomfort, pain and, ultimately, alienation. The aim of this study is, therefore, to thoroughly investigate this “inner space of consciousness” (Guardini, 2002, p. 41), when happens that it is “violated”, voluntarily or unconsciously, by those who invade it, giving to an individual, at the same time, identity and the alienation of the identity.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyberfeminism: A Relationship between Cyberspace, Technology, and the Internet","authors":"G. Toto, A. Scarinci","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-tosc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-tosc","url":null,"abstract":"The current of cyberfeminism has been active for 30 years now, also referred to as the “third wave” of feminism. Despite being an ambiguous and multifaceted movement involving multiple instances, cyberfeminism is represented in the imagination by women with strong knowledge of media and digital technologies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the socially and culturally constructed value that the media assume in this movement. The very concept of identity is undergoing a phenomenon of control whereby it is redefined by “control grids” (D. Haraway) that prevent free access to participation in life on the web. The utopian theories of feminists actually alternate with fundamental gender analyses within cyberspace that determine the amount of access to resources. The last phase of this phenomenon is instead characterized by the intent to break down gender inequalities through a series of digital products that produce changes in common perceptions: online magazines, YouTube channels, webinars, and entrepreneurship actions on the web. New media and, more generally, access to information are fundamental to social and political participation, in which the phenomenon of exclusion or production of inequalities is more visible. Gender divisions on the web also reinforce sociocultural barriers and sometimes create regressive and destructive forms of social bonds. Globalization also affects these dynamics and accentuates exaggerated forms of individualism and cognitive stiffening, which further accentuate the distinctive traits of gender inequalities in cyberspace.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130843223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Design for Learning and Inclusive Teaching: Future Perspectives","authors":"M. Rossi","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-ross","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-ross","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution aims to reflect on the didactic and methodological changes brought about by Distance Learning, with particular regard to the concept of Inclusive Teaching. During the last year, in fact, the epidemiological emergency dictated by Covid-19 has led to the emergence of new needs, imposing a redesign of tools and resources in use. All this has had a strong impact on students with disabilities and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), who, in addition to having fewer digital skills than their European peers, were suddenly forced to follow lessons at home without the physical support of the teacher. It was necessary, in fact, to think and re-think about the design of inclusive educational interventions. From a methodological and conceptual point of view, Inclusive Teaching is linked to the concept of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), an inclusive psycho-pedagogical approach that aims to break down the barriers that exist in learning processes. During the pandemic period, one of the major challenges that scholars have begun to consider is applying the UDL approach, generally used in in-person classes, lectures and online courses.","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"41 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mask and Otherness between Recognition and Concealment: Notes on the Self and the You","authors":"Paolo Ponzio","doi":"10.7358/elem-2021-0102-ponz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/elem-2021-0102-ponz","url":null,"abstract":"From Martin Heidegger to Emmanuel Lévinas, from Hannah Arendt to Paul Ricouer: the continental tradition of twentieth-century thought has built its narrative around the themes of otherness, crossing the theme of the mask that fulfills its function precisely in the dialectic identity/otherness (idem/alter to put it in technical terms). It is also true that when one thinks about what is a “mask” it could only be possible to wonder what lies behind it, what stands in the way. The mask itself is divisive and defensive, yet, at the same time, it exposes itself, acts (like an actor who moves freely on stage and, nevertheless, is forced to stick to the development of the script). And also about the “otherness” it could be said that it hides and reveals itself at the same time; it is the totally other and, at the same time, the overturned self (almost an “I” which is more and “other than” me, of Ricouerian memory). It is the foreigner, but also the welcome guest, as Lévinas attests; it is at the same time the refugee, the immigrant, the pilgrim or the wanderer (to use the Nietzsche of “Human Too much Human”).","PeriodicalId":394740,"journal":{"name":"Elementa. Intersections between Philosophy, Epistemology and Empirical Perspectives","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132354832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}