COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India最新文献

Plight of Migrant Informal Workers in India in the Context of COVID-19 and Inadequacy of Existing Labour Legislations 2019冠状病毒病背景下印度移徙非正规工人的困境和现有劳工立法的不足

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-9

K. Sarkar

引用次数: 0

Conspicuous Philanthropy or CSR in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠疫情下的公益或企业社会责任

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-16

Sudhir K. Sinha

引用次数: 0

MSMEs in India during Lock and Unlock Times 印度的中小微企业在锁定和解锁时期

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-10

Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, P. Sahu

{"title":"MSMEs in India during Lock and Unlock Times","authors":"Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, P. Sahu","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-10","url":null,"abstract":"The MSME sector in India has emerged as one of the worst affected segments due to COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter – drawing on emerging literature including Government policy documents, reports and insights from survey-based studies – discusses the effectiveness of Government policies and schemes in terms of awareness and access and explores possible coping strategies adopted by the MSMEs towards reviving the sector. Our analysis suggests that the MSME sector has witnessed varying degrees of setbacks and a preponderant majority of MSME units did not get any benefits from wide array of Government schemes and programs. These units adopted various coping strategies including scaling down of business, diversifying product and services;embracing new marketing strategy;rescheduling bank loans;drawing on savings and accessing support from informal sources to revive their operation. This chapter calls for a comprehensive and policy-sensitive database to understand the exact needs and problems of the MSME sector, reframing of Government schemes, capacity building and digital support for facilitating MSMEs access to new and innovative marketing options and strengthening of social welfare schemes. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123349237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Some Aspects of Impact of Lockdown in India and the Way Forward 封锁对印度的影响及未来之路

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-7

Surajit Das

{"title":"Some Aspects of Impact of Lockdown in India and the Way Forward","authors":"Surajit Das","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-7","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a huge fall in employment opportunity and income of people following the COVID-19-induced lockdown. As a result of this the economy is suffering severely from the aggregate demand problem. The credit-deposit ratio at aggregate level remained low despite Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan package to boost demand for credit. The solution lies in the expansionary fiscal policy. Substantial increase in the health expenditure and that on the employment of last resort programme to reduce poverty is the need of the hour. However, the exchequer is suffering from a huge revenue shortfall. The foreign exchange reserve of the RBI has crossed 23% of GDP mainly because of the net foreign capital inflow in India. It is argued in this chapter that the fiscal conservative position would be imprudent under demand depression. Instead of showing desperation for selling public sector assets, the Government may monetise part of the fiscal deficit by borrowing from the RBI utilising part of the idle assets in terms of the foreign exchange reserve. It would not cause any demand-pull inflation under a demand constrained situation. Rather, it would ensure faster recovery of the aggregate demand, level of activity and employment in the economy. This, in turn, would also help in making the future stream of Government revenues buoyant and would help in reducing fiscal deficit and public debt as the proportions of GDP in the near future. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126973902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy Response to Pandemic 应对大流行的政策

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-4

Shyam Singh

{"title":"Policy Response to Pandemic","authors":"Shyam Singh","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-4","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of COVID-19 has created humungous governance challenges for public institutions. The Governments have adopted various approaches to address the hardship created due to the pandemic ranging from imposing a curfew-styled lockdown, putting limited curbs on economic activities and people’s movement, and suggesting people COVID-19-appropriate behaviour. The relevant agencies and the ministries in the Government of India issued Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) from time to time. Based on the severity of the situation and local conditions, the state Governments were given the freedom to modify these SOPs. While the Governments kept changing the SOPs during the various phases of lockdown and unlock, what was lacking is a consistent policy response from the central and state Governments, which would have matched with adverse impacts created by the pandemic. In this chapter, we intend to analyse the variations in the policy response suggested by the central and state Governments. We would also make an effort to see if a collaborative framework was chalked out by the central and state Governments, facilitating inter-departmental coordination while implementing the complex set of new norms. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130903180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Workers in India COVID-19大流行对印度家庭佣工的影响

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-11

Amrita Ghatak, K. Sarkar

{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Workers in India","authors":"Amrita Ghatak, K. Sarkar","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-11","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown has a dire impact on the domestic workers around the world. Being an integral part of the informal workspace, the domestic work is associated with all the characteristics of informality. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the existing issues and challenges for workers in the domestic workspace. A major consequence of the pandemic-induced lockdown and confinement measures is the reduction of working hours or loss of job resulting from fear and restricted mobility. Citing the evidence from the literature this chapter discusses the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of domestic workers in the cities. After three months of lockdown in India the job-insecurity is further intensified both in terms of availability and securing deserving wages. Using data collected through interviews over the phone and canvassing the Google forms among workers, NGOs and employers in Ahmedabad and Kolkata, it argues that middle class insecurities among employers intensify the struggle for the domestic workers going beyond the mortality and morbidity risks associated with COVID-19 pandemic. With a few exceptions the results imply deterioration in terms of employment and employer-employee relationship. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115438505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infrastructure Deficits in Indian Cities amid COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病期间印度城市基础设施不足

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-13

Soumyadip Chattopadhyay

引用次数: 0

Non-Covid Health Care under the Era of COVID-19 COVID-19时代下的非covid医疗保健

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-14

Md. Sahidul Islam, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan

{"title":"Non-Covid Health Care under the Era of COVID-19","authors":"Md. Sahidul Islam, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-14","url":null,"abstract":"The current corona pandemic divided both the health care service infrastructure and patients into two categories: Covid and non-Covid. Both in the health care system and research world, the COVID-19 cases are given utmost priority for all the right reasons. In this study we attempted to understand the challenges faced by the non-Covid patients, particularly from the poor communities, who suffer from multiple deprivations. This study is based on survey of 88 non-Covid patient households in Murshidabad, West Bengal carried out in June 2020. The results show that the majority of the non-Covid patients were not able to access public health care due to lockdown which, in turn, results in increasing out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on both medical and non-medical heads (like transportation). This OOPE aggravated the plight of the household more intensely when income of the household suffered severely due to the lockdown. To meet the household expenditure including OOPE households had to come under the clutch of money lenders mortgaging their small piece of agriculture land and gold-ornaments, and selling assets, and draining out their savings. Women from poor households tend to become ‘triple-deprived’ due to unequal sharing of poverty and with their meagre assets mortgaged. This piece of work may add to the insights to multi-dimensional deprivations of people during calamity like the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129399296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Income Shocks and Resilience of Economic Institutions 收入冲击与经济制度弹性

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-8

Indranil De, Mubashshir Iqbal, R. Hasan

{"title":"Income Shocks and Resilience of Economic Institutions","authors":"Indranil De, Mubashshir Iqbal, R. Hasan","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic, the coping strategies of individual household members and support provided by collective organizations including NGOs have been analysed. In-depth semi-structured interviews of individuals and organizations across different regions of India have been conducted in 2020 and 2021. The interviews reveal that employment and income losses have taken place both in formal and informal sector. Market and Government institutions have failed to smooth out the income and consumption stream. People who work or would be able to work as agricultural labourers or are self-employed, who mostly constitute the informal labour force, have lost employment and earned lesser income or are more expected to get gainful employment later than people who work under factory mode of production. The study shows that NGOs have intervened for smoothing of income and consumption of households. The role of NGOs is very important in promoting employment other than those based on factory model of production. The study suggests informal transactions and collective organizations should be brought into the fold of mainstream economic policy for developing more resilient economic institutions. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129601688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dichotomies of Management and Governance in the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行中管理和治理的二分法

COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781003226970-5

Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, Indranil De

{"title":"The Dichotomies of Management and Governance in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, Indranil De","doi":"10.4324/9781003226970-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003226970-5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the Government’s response to the pandemic in terms of lockdown, provision of health care, and vaccination as a preventive measure. It analyses how these responses were distinct between different segments of society – rich and poor, formal and informal, urban and rural, and well-connected and ill-connected. The chapter uses two theoretical lenses for analysis: ‘Rawls’ Difference Principle’ – social and economic inequality leading to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society;and ‘Elite Capture and Political Clientelism’ – powerful elite influencing public policy and public benefits being privatized in return of political support. A brief analysis of lockdown showed how the Government priorities were skewed against migrant workers and informal economy. Similarly, the provision of COVID-19 health care is bound to be lagging in rural areas considering the shortfalls in health facilities and human resources in rural areas. The vaccination drive in the country also demonstrated Government’s lack of urgency at one end and vaccine hesitancy of the citizens at the other. By bringing in theoretical underpinning to these phenomena, the chapter argues that learnings from these understanding would be helpful in management and governance of the current and future waves of the pandemic or such similar disaster. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":394463,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Public Policy, and Institutions in India","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121578596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0