Biopolymers and Cell最新文献

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Composition of EVs markers under normoxic and hypoxic conditions depends on the expression level of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 in mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells 常氧和缺氧条件下EVs标志物的组成取决于小鼠肾癌Renca细胞中衔接蛋白Ruk/CIN85的表达水平
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-10-30 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a5e
A. Zhyvolozhnyi, I. Horak, T. Skaterna, O. V. Khudiakova, S. Vainio, A. Samoylenko, L. Drobot
{"title":"Composition of EVs markers under normoxic and hypoxic conditions depends on the expression level of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 in mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells","authors":"A. Zhyvolozhnyi, I. Horak, T. Skaterna, O. V. Khudiakova, S. Vainio, A. Samoylenko, L. Drobot","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a5e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a5e","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells with different expression levels of the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Methods. The density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate EVs from the conditioned medium of Renca cells cultured under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Further characterization of EVs was performed by using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), electron microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Results. Significant differences in average particle size between EVs produced by sublines studied under experimen-tal conditions were not found. At the same time, concentration of particles produced by Ruk/ CIN85 overexpressing cells turned out to be an order of magnitude higher in hypoxia in comparison to normoxia conditions. It was shown that under normoxia conditions the content of both Ruk/CIN85 and EVs’ markers Alix and CD81 was increased in vesicles produced by Renca cells with Ruk/CIN85 overexpression in comparison with those from control mock-transfected cells. Under hypoxia conditions, the content of studied proteins decreased by more than two orders of magnitude in EVs secreted by Renca cells with up-regulation of adaptor protein whereas the content of Ruk/CIN85 and CD81 increased in EVs from mock-transfec ted cells. Conclusions. It has been demonstrated that the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is a novel component of EVs produced by tumor cells that may play a role in the control of EV composition under normoxia and hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inverted terminal repeats from adeno-associated virus-2 enhance the expression of the chimeric E2 glycoprotein gene of classical swine fever virus 腺相关病毒-2的末端反向重复序列增强了猪瘟病毒嵌合E2糖蛋白基因的表达
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a5a
I. Pokholenko, P. Buchek, M. Drahulian, V. Kordium
{"title":"Inverted terminal repeats from adeno-associated virus-2 enhance the expression of the chimeric E2 glycoprotein gene of classical swine fever virus","authors":"I. Pokholenko, P. Buchek, M. Drahulian, V. Kordium","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a5a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a5a","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the effect of insertion of inverted terminal repeats from human adeno-associ-ated virus-2 into plasmid vector on the expression of the chimeric E2 glycoprotein gene of classical swine fever virus and immunogenicity of the developed candidate marker DNA-vaccines against classical swine fever. Methods. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluo-rescence-activated cell sorting and western blot analysis were used to study chimeric protein expression in HEK293 cells. The antibodies specific to E2 of classical swine fever virus were detected by ELISA. Results. We show that the insertion of inverted terminal repeats into a plasmid vector results in considerable enhancement of the chimeric E2 expression in HEK293 in vitro . At the same time, it does not significantly influence in vitro transgene retention . The vector containing inverted terminal repeats from human adeno-associated virus-2 elicits anti-E2 antibodies titer significantly higher as compared to the initial vector without repeats. Conclusions. The insertion of inverted terminal repeats from human adeno-associated virus-2 into the candidate marker DNA-vaccine against classical swine fever results in a significant increase of the chimeric","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MHRT expression during remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病患者远端缺血预处理过程中MHRT的表达
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a59
M. Khetsuriani, N. O. Ioffe, T. Drevytska, V. O. Niekrasova, V. Dosenko
{"title":"MHRT expression during remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with coronary artery disease","authors":"M. Khetsuriani, N. O. Ioffe, T. Drevytska, V. O. Niekrasova, V. Dosenko","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a59","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aimed to access the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on hemodynamic parameters and expression of lncRNA MHRT in patients with coronary artery disease during isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods. The hemodynamic parameters of 29 patients with sham and RIPC procedure were analyzed. RIPC was modu-lated by three cycles of blocking blood flow in the arm for 5 minutes followed by restoring it for another 5 minutes. Expression of MHRT was measured in myocardial tissue and plasma by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Hemodynamic parameters of patients in the RIPC-group had higher (p<0.05) values of cardiac index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, stroke volume index compared to the sham group. Systemic vascular resistance index decreased in RIPC-group. The expression level of MHRT in the myocardium was 2.5 times lower than in the sham group (p<0.05). MHRT expression in plasma fall[s] significantly, by more [than]15 times, (p<0.0001) in the RIPC-group. Conclusions. A decrease in MHRT expression can be a consequence of the protective effect of RIPC and can be used as a cardiac biomarker.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indicators of the energy supply system in the liver of rats under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet 日粮中不同营养素含量条件下大鼠肝脏能量供应系统指标的研究
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a58
O. Voloshchuk, G. Kopylchuk
{"title":"Indicators of the energy supply system in the liver of rats under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet","authors":"O. Voloshchuk, G. Kopylchuk","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a58","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The features of the energy supply in hepatocytes of rats under the conditions of different content of protein and sucrose in a diet were studied in the research. Methods. Experimental diets, differential centrifugation, spectrophotometry, chromatography on sheets. Results. It was found that 4-week maintenance of animals on a low-protein diet resulted in a 2.2-fold decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, a threefold reduction of the cytochrome oxidase activity, and an increase in the F0F1-ATPase activity in a 1.5-fold in hepatocytes of rats. Under the experimental conditions, a 40 % decrease in the ATP content was found in the rat hepatocytes mitochondria against the background of an increase in the ADP content and maintaining the AMP content at the control level. It should be noted that under the conditions of the high-sucrose diet no significant changes in the succinate dehydrogenase activity were found in hepatocytes mitochondria; however, the cytochrome oxidase activity decreased by half and the F0F1-ATPase activity increased by 1.8 times. The most significant changes in the energy supply of hepatocytes occurred in the conditions of low-protein/high-sucrose diet. A sixfold decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity and reduction of the cytochrome oxidase activity to critically low values was found. With that, a twofold increase in the F0F1-ATPase activity compared to control was accompanied by a depletion of the pool of adenyl nucleotides. Conclusions. It is concluded that the lack of protein in the diet is a determining factor for the system of energy supply and the functioning of the respiratory chain, while the imbalance in the diet in terms of the content of food protein and sucrose is critical for the formation of an imbalance in energy supply to hepatocytes. The obtained results open up the prospects for developing a strategy of correcting energy metabolism disorders in conditions of nutritional imbalance.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Microbial biofilms and some aspects of anti-inflammatory drug use 微生物生物膜与消炎药使用的一些方面
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a57
T. Rumynska, A. Hural, Y. Konechnyi, R. Vynnytska, A. Lozynskyi, Y. Salyha, O. Korniychuk, R.B. Lesyk
{"title":"Microbial biofilms and some aspects of anti-inflammatory drug use","authors":"T. Rumynska, A. Hural, Y. Konechnyi, R. Vynnytska, A. Lozynskyi, Y. Salyha, O. Korniychuk, R.B. Lesyk","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a57","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents literature data on the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the formation of bacterial biofilms. The role of biofilm structures as a factor of virulence of microorganisms is shown, and the protective reactions of a macroorganism in infectious processes caused by bacteria — producers of biofilms are characterized. The article also provides the examples of methods for studying biofilm formation and strategies for managing this process. The prospects of further study of the complex interaction between bacterial pathogens in biofilms are shown, which may help to develop further therapeutic strategies against the biofilm-dependent infections.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48165625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia Phage 4S Isolated from Wastewater in Ukraine 乌克兰污水中分离的沙雷氏菌噬菌体4S全基因组序列
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a5d
E. Dukhno, N. Kornienko, S. R. Shybanov, I. Budzanivska, A. Kharina
{"title":"Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia Phage 4S Isolated from Wastewater in Ukraine","authors":"E. Dukhno, N. Kornienko, S. R. Shybanov, I. Budzanivska, A. Kharina","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a5d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a5d","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To isolate and characterize phage of Serratia marcescens bacteria. Methods. Phylogenetic analysis. Results. The complete genome of Serratia phage 4S represents a 173,061-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a GC content of 39.9 %. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results indicated that the closest relative to Serratia phage 4S is Serratia phage CBH8 (7 % query coverage, 76 % identity). According to the electron micrograph images Serratia phage 4S belongs to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae . Following a phylogenetic analysis of Serratia phage 4S MCP (Major Capsid Protein), our results showed that its MCP was highly homologous to Acinetobacter and Enterobacter phages and on the contrary distant from the MCP of Klebsiella phages. The phylogenetic analysis of Serratia phage 4S DNA helicase indicated that it was highly homologous to Yersinia and Enterobacter phages, and on the contrary distant from DNA helicase of Klebsiella phages. Conclusions. Serratia phage 4S has a lytic pathway, which means that it can be considered for further investigation as a control agent against bacterial infections caused by Serratia marcescens .","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Efficacy of blastodermal cells and CRISPR/CAS9 method in the creation of transgenic duck (Anas Platyrhynchos) 胚皮细胞和CRISPR/CAS9技术在鸭转基因中的应用
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a5b
O. Konoval, P. Korol, S. Kostenko, P. Tabaka, L. Lizhi, A. Chepiha, M. Doroshenko, O. Sydorenko, P. Dzhus, N. Svyrydenko, T. Lytvynenko, B. Xingchen, H. Xuetao, L. Li, M. Drahulian, E. Kostyuk, P. Filipova
{"title":"Efficacy of blastodermal cells and CRISPR/CAS9 method in the creation of transgenic duck (Anas Platyrhynchos)","authors":"O. Konoval, P. Korol, S. Kostenko, P. Tabaka, L. Lizhi, A. Chepiha, M. Doroshenko, O. Sydorenko, P. Dzhus, N. Svyrydenko, T. Lytvynenko, B. Xingchen, H. Xuetao, L. Li, M. Drahulian, E. Kostyuk, P. Filipova","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a5b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a5b","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to develop a methodology for the creation of transgenic chimeras of ducks by using donor blastodermal cells after transfection with DNA vector and Lipofectamine 2000® (Invitrogen, USA). The CRISPR/Cas9 system with homology directed repair (HDR) was used to edit the target site of the duck genome. Materials and research methods. Transgenic duck chimeras were created using donor blastodermal cells after transfection with plasmid DNA and Lipofectamine 2000. To edit the target region of the duck genome, we used the CRISPR / cas9 system with HDR. The EGFP reporter gene was used as the transgene. positive (30.3 %), including 10 males (16.9 %) and 49 females (83.1 %). The technique used by us can be successfully applied in further researches and for creation of a transgenic duck.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of selected 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids — key fragments and precursors of antitumor 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides 筛选的1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸的抗肿瘤活性评价——抗肿瘤1,3,3-三噻唑-4-羧酰胺的关键片段和前体
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a5c
N. Pokhodylo, V. Matiychuk
{"title":"Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of selected 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids — key fragments and precursors of antitumor 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides","authors":"N. Pokhodylo, V. Matiychuk","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a5c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a5c","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate in vitro antiproliferative effect of selected 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids, which are the key fragments and precursors of antitumor 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides. Methods. Organic synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity assay, MTT assay, spectrophotometry, sta-tistical analysis. Results. The selected 1,2,3-triazole carboxylic acids and their esters synthesized according to a convenient synthetic procedure were tested for their anticancer activity in NCI60 cell lines within 9 cancer types at the 60 human tumour cell lines panel. These preliminary results allowed identifying the most active compounds and finding the structure-activity rela-tions. The most promising 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic fragments were selected for the design of 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides for screening anticancer activity. Conclusions. The obtained results of antitumour activity of the studied derivatives are interesting for the discovery of selective and active anticancer agents among 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides in terms of a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) concept, that proves the necessity of further studies.","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of novel protein kinase CK2 inhibitors among indazole derivatives 吲唑衍生物中新型蛋白激酶CK2抑制剂的鉴定
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a55
V. Vdovin, S. Lukashov, I. Borysenko, O. Borovykov, M. Protopopov, V. Bdzhola, S. Yarmoluk
{"title":"Identification of novel protein kinase CK2 inhibitors among indazole derivatives","authors":"V. Vdovin, S. Lukashov, I. Borysenko, O. Borovykov, M. Protopopov, V. Bdzhola, S. Yarmoluk","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a55","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To synthesize the novel purine bioisosteres — indazole derivatives and evaluate inhibitory activity of these compounds towards CK2 in the in vitro system. Methods. Chemical synthesis, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS method, determination of residual enzyme activity using ATP consumption tests with a luciferase Kinase-Glo® luminescent kinase assay. Results. Known synthetic methods of indazole chemistry were originally applied to the synthesis of 3-aryl-indazole-7-carboxylic acids. Conditions of cross-coupling of 3-bromo-indazole derivatives with arylboronic acids were substantially improved. 3-aryl-indazole 5- and 7-car-boxylic acids have shown IC 50 in a range 3.1–6.5 μM in luciferase luminescent kinase assay. Conclusions. The synthesis of 3-aryl-indazole-7-carboxylic acids has been developed. Novel inhibitors of the protein kinase CK2 among indazole derivatives have been identified among the 3-aryl-indazole 5- and 7-carboxylic acids. It has been shown the crucial impact of carboxyl group on the inhibitory activity","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
XV IMBG all-Ukrainian Conference of Young Scientists with international participation 第十五届国际青年科学家乌克兰国际会议
Biopolymers and Cell Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7124/bc.000a56
D. Yarynka, I. Dubey, L. Dubey, E. Piletska, Yevgeny Stepanenko, R. Linnik, M. Antonyuk, O. Brovko, S. A. Piletsky, T. Sergeyeva
{"title":"XV IMBG all-Ukrainian Conference of Young Scientists with international participation","authors":"D. Yarynka, I. Dubey, L. Dubey, E. Piletska, Yevgeny Stepanenko, R. Linnik, M. Antonyuk, O. Brovko, S. A. Piletsky, T. Sergeyeva","doi":"10.7124/bc.000a56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.000a56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39444,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers and Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48631919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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