Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115747
Yifan Wang , Diana Vanessa Cordero Rodríguez , Fengyu Tian , Jiayu Liang , Xuemin Yan
{"title":"Hollow core-shell Co9S8@ZnIn2S4 S-scheme heterojunction for selective CO2-to-CO photoreduction","authors":"Yifan Wang , Diana Vanessa Cordero Rodríguez , Fengyu Tian , Jiayu Liang , Xuemin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion is considered a promising approach to address energy and environmental challenges through the production of renewable fuels. The rational design of high-performance photocatalysts relies on precise band structure engineering and controlled nano-architectural design. This work presents a hollow core-shell Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (CoS@ZIS) S-scheme heterojunction for highly selective photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO. The composite was synthesized by growing ultrathin ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanosheets on Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> polyhedral cages derived from ZIF-67, forming a hierarchical architecture. This unique structure provides abundant active sites and enhances charge separation. Combined experimental analyses confirm the formation of an internal electric field at the heterointerface, which drives an S-scheme charge transfer pathway. This mechanism effectively separates electron-hole pairs while preserving strong redox capabilities. As a result, the optimized CoS@ZIS catalyst achieves a remarkable CO production rate of 5.81 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> under visible light irradiation, significantly outperforming its individual components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115740
Shuqin Gao , Yujie Niu , Peixu Wei , Yanan Li , Jinlei Wu , Lan Zheng , Le Wu , Yuqi Wang
{"title":"CeO2 modification enhances carbon deposition resistance of Ni/MgAl2O4 in methane dry reforming","authors":"Shuqin Gao , Yujie Niu , Peixu Wei , Yanan Li , Jinlei Wu , Lan Zheng , Le Wu , Yuqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is an effective method to achieve carbon emission reduction by directly converting CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, two of the world's most abundant greenhouse gases, into value-added products. However, conventional Ni-based catalysts are prone to metal sintering and carbon deposition, and the design of high-performance catalysts is proved to be critical for DRM. In this study, MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> support and Ni/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-x%CeO<sub>2</sub> sample are prepared by sol-gel and ultrasound-assisted impregnation method, respectively. Compared with Ni/MgAl₂O₄, the Ni/MgAl₂O₄–10 % CeO₂ sample exhibits a 12.7 % higher oxygen vacancy concentration and twice as much surface basic sites. Meanwhile CeO₂ contributes abundant oxygen vacancies and basic sites, thereby enhancing the CO₂ decomposition capability. The resulting O* species participate in the carbon gasification reaction, leading to a reduced carbon deposition amount as expected. Notably, Ni/MgAl₂O₄–10 % CeO₂ manifests superior reducibility and eminent Ni dispersion. After 6 h activity test, the average Ni particle size increases by only 1.3 nm, indicating that the 10 % CeO₂ addition could enhance the sintering resistance for the as-prepared catalysts. As a result, the Ni/MgAl₂O₄-10 % CeO₂ sample delivers the best performance as desired, demonstrating only a 2.2 % drop of CO₂ conversion after 30 h DRM reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115716
Yulin Qi, Yao Yao, Chunxiu Liu, Mingliang Shi, Shan-Yong Chen, Yue Qi, Na Wang
{"title":"Photocatalyst-free and simple photooxidative C-3 formylation of indoles with formaldehyde","authors":"Yulin Qi, Yao Yao, Chunxiu Liu, Mingliang Shi, Shan-Yong Chen, Yue Qi, Na Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we have developed a visible-light-induced formylation system without an exogenous photocatalyst for synthesizing indole derivatives. Notably, this system operates under ambient air, utilizing readily available aqueous formaldehyde as the formyl source. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction involves the in-situ formylation of a Mannich-type intermediate from the indole, formaldehyde and amine, followed by photochemical oxidation and hydrolysis. This simple, mild, metal-free, and photocatalyst-free protocol enables the synthesis of a diverse array of C-3 formylated indoles, demonstrating good functional group compatibility and broad potential for late-stage functionalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115760
Zhihao Wang , Kaiqi Yan , Guanghui Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shengpeng Xia , Yuyang Fan , Kai Li , Kun Zhao , Zengli Zhao , Anqing Zheng
{"title":"Catalytic transformation of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by low-loaded Nb-based metal oxide catalysts","authors":"Zhihao Wang , Kaiqi Yan , Guanghui Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shengpeng Xia , Yuyang Fan , Kai Li , Kun Zhao , Zengli Zhao , Anqing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an attractive platform compound derived from lignocellulosic biomass. In order to convert cellulose into HMF in a single pot, a variety of Nb-based metal oxides produced using the co-precipitation-impregnation technique are employed as catalysts. Using 1% Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> (1% Nb-ZrTi) catalysts, an HMF yield of up to 30.9% is achieved at 190 °C for 8 h. Furthermore, the conversion behaviors of potential key intermediates (fructose and glucose) are explored to provide indirect evidence of the complete reaction pathway. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of the Nb-based catalysts, characterization techniques such as pyridine-adsorbed Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Py-FTIR), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed. It is discovered that the lowest total acid concentration and the lowest Brønsted to Lewis acid sites (B/L) ratios of 1% Nb-ZrTi are associated with its exceptional catalytic activity. Furthermore, after six cycles, the catalyst still demonstrates good recyclability and catalytic activity. These findings give new directions for future catalyst improvement and process development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115721
Sicheng Hu , Baoying Liang , Yiming Tang
{"title":"Perylene diimide photocatalysts: Structure-activity relationships and research progress in photocatalysis","authors":"Sicheng Hu , Baoying Liang , Yiming Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perylene diimide (PDI) is an n-type organic semiconductor characterized by strong visible-light absorption and high stability, making it a promising candidate for photocatalytic reactions. Nevertheless, its efficacy is hindered by rapid charge recombination and a limited visible-light response. Recent advancements in molecular engineering and structural modification strategies, including bay-region modification, polymerization and heterojunction construction of PDI have been adopted to regulate their band structure, strengthen the built-in electric field, accelerate charge separation/migration, and extend the photoresponse range, thus boosting the photocatalytic performance. This review summarizes the progress made in PDI-based materials for pollutant degradation and related energy and environmental applications, with an emphasis on structure–activity relationships and catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, current challenges and future directions are discussed to inform the design of high-performance PDI photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115737
Rekha Muthuvel, Renugadevi Chelladurai, Cindrella Louis
{"title":"Cobalt-free perovskite catalyst coupled with phosphorous doped carbon nanosheets for oxygen electrocatalysis","authors":"Rekha Muthuvel, Renugadevi Chelladurai, Cindrella Louis","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ever-growing need for cobalt-containing perovskites with high catalytic ability in energy conversion and storage systems, such as batteries, and their frequent incompatibility due to their large thermal expansion coefficient with electrolyte material in devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), raises issues concerning their availability and cost in the future. However, Mn/Fe/Ni-containing perovskites, relative to cobalt-containing ones, combine high catalytic ability, sustainability, and affordability with superior resistance to geopolitical issues. Because of performance differences with traditional cobalt-based systems, Ni–Mn and Fe–Mn bimetallic perovskite oxide catalysts are still largely unexplored for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction processes (OER/ORR) despite these benefits. In order to improve electrocatalytic activity and stability by interfacial engineering, conductive carbon nanosheets functionalised with phosphorus (CP) were used as supports for Ni/Fe/Mn perovskites. Together with the defect-rich active sites supplied by CP layers, the advantageous, e.g., occupancies of low-spin Ni³⁺ (eg¹) and high-spin Mn³⁺ (eg¹) in Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (NFMO) synergistically increase OER/ORR activity in the logically constructed NFMO/CP composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115739
Anshuang Wu , Chaofan Li , Longmei Shi , Shengyun Xu , Shucan Qin , Fei Yu , Yanrong Liu , Xiaomin Lu , Yunqian Ma , Jiaming Mao
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent induced octahedral Li-NiO/Ni@N nanostructure: an efficient electrocatalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation","authors":"Anshuang Wu , Chaofan Li , Longmei Shi , Shengyun Xu , Shucan Qin , Fei Yu , Yanrong Liu , Xiaomin Lu , Yunqian Ma , Jiaming Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni<sup>3+</sup> (NiOOH) species are recognized as the principal active centers for the electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to the high-value platform chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) over Ni-based catalysts. However, the oxidation of Ni<sup>2+</sup> to Ni<sup>3+</sup> generally requires a high anodic potential, which competes with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and thereby diminishes catalytic efficiency. Herein, we report a facile one-step calcination strategy incorporating Li into the precursor, employing a deep eutectic solvent (DES, ChCl/urea) as a soft template to synthesize an octahedral Li-NiO/Ni@N electrocatalyst for efficient HMF electrooxidation. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal that Li incorporation promotes the preferential formation and stabilization of Ni<sup>3+</sup> species, which ensures early high current density (>20 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) prior to the Ni<sup>2+</sup>/Ni<sup>3+</sup> transition, thereby lowering the energetic barrier, preserving active sites, and steering selectivity by suppressing OER competition during HMF oxidation. The optimized catalyst achieves 97.8 % HMF conversion, 96.8 % FDCA yield, and 94.1 % Faradaic efficiency. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bond network in DES ensures homogeneous metal ion dispersion, while the octahedral architecture enhances metal site density and active-site exposure. The N-doped carbon layer improves surface hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance, further augmenting electrooxidation activity. This work highlights the dual synergy of Li doping and DES-mediated morphological control, providing mechanistic insights into Ni<sup>3+</sup>-driven HMF oxidation and a rational design strategy for high-performance Ni-based electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silica-anchored cerium-magnesium supported nickel toward improved CO2 reforming of CH4","authors":"Pongsaporn Poosri , Orrakanya Phichairatanaphong , Thongthai Witoon , Metta Chareonpanich , Waleeporn Donphai","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silica derived from bagasse bottom ash significantly enhances the catalytic activity and stability of Ce, Mg, and Mg-Ce-oxide-supported nickel catalysts in CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> reforming reactions. In this work, silica-modified MgO- and CeO<sub>2</sub>-supported nickel catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation using bagasse-derived sodium silicate. Their catalytic performance for syngas production was subsequently evaluated in a packed-bed reactor under reforming conditions at 700°C. Among these, nickel catalyst supported on silica-modified MgO and CeO<sub>2</sub> (Ni-MCS) exhibited superior CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> conversions and a more favorable H<sub>2</sub>/CO product ratio compared to nickel catalysts supported on pure silica or unmodified MgO-CeO<sub>2</sub>. This enhanced performance was attributed to the incorporation of Ce and/or Mg into the silica structure, which strengthened metal–support interactions, promoted the formation of stable Ni–Mg–O solid solutions and improved nickel dispersion on the silica-modified Mg-Ce-oxide support. In the SiO<sub>2</sub>-modified MgO-CeO<sub>2</sub> support, various oxygen species—including lattice oxygen, surface-adsorbed oxygen, and surface hydroxyl groups or chemisorbed oxygen—were observed on the catalyst surface. Notably, a higher ratio of surface-adsorbed to lattice oxygen was detected, which plays a crucial role in the rapid oxidation of carbonaceous intermediates and effectively suppressed carbon deposition. Additionally, the increased medium-strength basic sites enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and dissociation, promoting CO formation and supporting carbon removal during the reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115730
Mingsheng Luo , Xiaoteng Cui , Yuanyuan Fang , Changke Shao , Roshni Rahman , Lingxin Chen , Hao Sun , Minwei Yi , Yutong Liu , Yiduo Huo , Zihan Xu
{"title":"Influence of the secondary metals on structure of the Cu/LDH catalyst for carbon dioxide-to-methanol reaction","authors":"Mingsheng Luo , Xiaoteng Cui , Yuanyuan Fang , Changke Shao , Roshni Rahman , Lingxin Chen , Hao Sun , Minwei Yi , Yutong Liu , Yiduo Huo , Zihan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub>-to-methanol is a promising process for carbon utilization to produce sustainable fuel and chemicals. Catalytic performance of Cu-based Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH)-derived catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to produce methanol was investigated in this work. Various secondary metallic components, Al, Ga, Cr, In, Sm and La were employed to prepare a series of Me-Cu/LDH type of catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>-to-methanol reaction. The catalysts were synthesized using a co-precipitation method, followed by calcination and reduction activation. Impact of the secondary metals on the structure of the prepared catalyst and their reaction performance was studied in fixed-bed reactor. The CO₂ hydrogenation activity and methanol selectivity of the prepared LDO catalyst were evaluated at 3.0 MPa and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 3.6 L·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, using a CO₂/H₂ ratio of 3. Synthesis conditions, including temperature and aging time, significantly affected the catalyst structural properties and catalytic performance. The results showed that the CuAl catalyst yielded the highest CO<sub>2</sub> conversion up to 20%, while the CuIn catalyst generated the highest methanol selectivity above 74%. It can be reasonably proposed that the highly dispersed copper active sites in the CuAl catalyts contributed to the improved CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, whereas the high concentration of oxygen vacancies in the CuIn catalyst promoted methanol formation. Furthermore, these catalysts showed good stability with no noticeable carbon deposition. These findings highlight the potential of LDH-based catalysts in CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation and provide valuable insights for optimizing their structure and composition to enhance catalytic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular CatalysisPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115759
Ranran Tao, Kande Liu, Naiwang Liu, Li Shi, Xuan Meng
{"title":"Acid-oxidation bifunctional Cu-Doped α-Fe2O3 catalyst for enhanced selective o-methylation of phenol","authors":"Ranran Tao, Kande Liu, Naiwang Liu, Li Shi, Xuan Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mcat.2026.115759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe-Cu composite oxides FC<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method for the gas-phase methylation of phenol. Comprehensive characterization techniques (including XRD, BET, TPD, XPS, SEM/TEM, TG-DTG, and in situ DRIFTS) revealed that the optimal copper doping level (FC<sub>0.075</sub>) effectively optimized the catalyst's crystal structure and acid-base properties. The FC<sub>0.075</sub> catalyst exhibited a high specific surface area (132.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g), well-dispersed active sites, and enhanced acidity/basicity. Under mild conditions (340°C, WHSV=3 h<sup>-1</sup>), the FC<sub>0.075</sub> catalyst achieved a phenol conversion of 18.96%, a significant increase from 7.15% over the undoped FC<sub>0</sub> catalyst, while maintaining a high o-cresol selectivity of 93.3%. In situ DRIFTS studies revealed that copper doping promotes methanol dissociation adsorption, accelerates the formation of formate intermediates, thereby suppressing the over-oxidation reaction that produces CO<sub>2</sub> and enhancing C-alkylation efficiency. Furthermore, catalyst deactivation was attributed primarily to the reduction of the active phase, with coke deposition playing a minor role. These findings provide valuable insights for designing efficient catalysts for industrial o-cresol manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":393,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Catalysis","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 115759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}