{"title":"The Colourful Look of the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos","authors":"Gürol Aytepe, A. Baran","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2021.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2021.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the painting remains and with the help of parallel examples to propose a restitution of the original colourful look of the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos which is the monumental tomb of Karian satrap Maussollos who died in 353/352 BC. It is known that the Maussolleion stood intact at Halikarnassos until an earthquake in the 12 th century AD. The monumentality and artistic effect of the building influenced many architects of its time who later constructed several monumental buildings and it was listed as one of “the Seven Wonders of the World” by the ancient writers. It is well known that ancient builders coloured all the building parts including sculptures, and the Maussolleion was originally richly coloured. The colouring was not only for visual effect but it also created protection layers for the monument as we know stood intact more than fifteen centuries. Newton reported that he had observed parts of the colours were still visible on the newly excavated fragments but he also mentioned that they quickly disappeared after the exposure. A coat of varnish should have protected these colours, which were mostly organic based. The polychromy of the ancient buildings and sculptures has long been in discussion because of the remains of organic colours are scarce and not easily visible by naked eye but the advanced technics applied on the remains in recent times proved that the use of colour in antiquity was extensively common. The investigations and analyses on the existing remains of the Maussolleion also point to the colourful look. Blue, red and creamy white varnish were the dominant colours used especially on the architectural details of the monument, but yellow, brown, light blue, purple and green were also used on the mouldings and sculpture. The technique of gilding and attachments from bronze, precious stones, gold etc. were also employed for the decoration. The use of bluish limestone on the lower parts of the cella, podium, plinthoi and probably for chamber walls was also for decorative purpose and this enriched the look of the monument. All of the evidence helps us to propose the best possible reconstruction on colouring of the monument. Further investigations in the future might reveal more evidence but for now, it seems this colourful look is quite acceptable and it is more than a hypothetical reconstruction for the most parts. The examples from Halikarnassos, Labraunda and Priene indicate the usage of a standard way of painting and point to the unity of the Hekatomnids’ architectural decoration as seen on many parts of the architectural progress of the region.","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sillyon da Ares Kültü","authors":"B. Özdemir, Murat Taşkiran","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2021.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2021.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128566230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damıtılmış Temsiller: Anadolu da Kült Kontekstinde Bulunan Minyatür Kaplar Üzerine","authors":"Esen Kaya","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"The miniature objects, the subjects of increasing research interest in recent years, are a group of finds frequently encountered in the domestic, funerary and cultic settings. The ongoing efforts to develop definitions and terminology alongside with the analytical attempts to discover the mindset behind miniaturization have had an impact in our attempt of perception of the nature of these objects. The miniature vessels stand as the expressions of miniaturization frequently -and often in large quantitiesdiscovered in religious contexts. These vessels, the formerly assumed economic representations of their full-sized counterparts, are currently considered as the objects manipulating reality in line with the emotions. This study aims to provide an overview of the research in the field through a survey of the selected examples where miniature vessels were recorded in Arş. Gör. Dr. Esen Kaya, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Afyon/TÜRKİYE. E-mail: esenkaya.akad@gmail.com / Orcid No: 0000-0001-9546-0541","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122480185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lagina ve Ionia Rönesansı: Tapınak ve Propylon daki Uygulamalar Işığında Ionia Rönesansı nın Kronolojik Tanımlamasına Yeni Bir Katkı","authors":"Aytekin Büyüközer","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"“lonian Renaissance” is characterized by a revival of Archaic Anatolian architecture influenced by both contemporaneous mainland Greek architecture and substantial technical features introduced by the Hekatomnids and their architects. In this period, new construction programs were undertaken in many cities, and some characteristic construction techniques came to the forefront in these new buildings, such as the double-binder system in the corners, the Karian-Ionian lewis holes, and visible dovetail clamps, which are generally applied on stairs and stylobate blocks. Even though the chronological boundaries of the Ionian Renaissance cannot be precisely defined, the generally accepted view is that it started during the reign of Mausolus and continued until Doç. Dr. Aytekin Büyüközer, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Konya/TÜRKİYE. E-mail: aytekinbuyukozer@gmail.com Orcid No: 0000-0001-7788-4404 Bu çalışmayı yapabilmem için gerekli izni veren kazı başkanımız sayın Prof. Dr. B. Söğüt’e teşekkür ederim. Söz konusu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimi tarafından 18401154 proje numaralı “Lagina Hekate Tapınağı’nın Korinth Başlıkları” konusu ile ilgili olup, ilgili birimce desteklenmiştir. Aytekin BÜYÜKÖZER 196 about 200 BC. The Karian-Ionian lewis holes, one of the characteristic applications of the Ionian Renaissance, were used in the Temple of Hecate and visible dovetail clamps were used in the Propylon. The fact that these techniques, which are chronologically limited to about 200 BC, are seen in the temple dating back to the late Hellenistic period and in the Propylon dating back to the early imperial period makes the applications in Lagina important. Researchers have assumed the use of these technical details in Lagina to be evidence that the structures belong to an earlier period or early stages of construction. However, such an association is not possible when the inscriptions in the sacred area, stylistic conventions on the architectural decorations of the structures and the historical course of Stratonikeia and Lagina are considered. It should not be concluded from the uses in Lagina that the temple dates back to an earlier date due to the Karian-Ionian lewis cuttings and the Propylon dates back to an earlier date due to the visible clamps. Here, it should be concluded that these techniques continued to be used long after 200 BC as they were applied in the structures dating back to the late Hellenistic and early imperial periods.","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alabanda Payandalı Sarnıç ta Bulunan Geç Antik Dönem Seramikleri","authors":"Ayşegül Soslu","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.11","url":null,"abstract":"Alabanda, which is a Carian city, is located about 7 km west of Çine District in Aydın Province and west of Marsyas (Çine) Stream. Archaeological excavations were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in the northeast of the city center and a two-roomed Pillared Cistern was discovered here. Sseven pools and terracotta pipes and “U” shaped gutter pieces for water collection and drainage systems were exposed in this building. Pottery fragments dating back from the 3rd century BC up to the 7th century AD was found in the cistern. In this study, a total of 24 artifacts, two ampullae, five pots, four oil lamps, four lekanes and nine unguentaria were evaluated. These potteries, which were studied in five groups, were dated from 6th century to 7th century AD by analogical comparison with similar samples. A. Soslu, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Öğrencisi. E-mail: atemel203a@gmail.com. Orcid No: 0000-0002-1104-1145 Bu makale, 2015’te Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde, Prof. Dr. Suat Ateşlier danışmanlığında tamamlanmış “Alabanda Payandalı Sarnıç Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemi Seramikleri” adlı Yüksek Lisans tez çalışmasının bir bölümünün geliştirilmesiyle hazırlanmıştır (YÖK Tez Merkezi No: 413983). Makaledeki figür 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6 Prof. Dr. Suat Ateşlier’in arşivinden alınmıştır, kendisine çok teşekkür ederim.","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124067490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anadolu Dor Mimarisi: MÖ 4. Yüzyıl","authors":"Zeliha Gider Büyüközer","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knidos Kazılarında Bulunan Amphora Mühürleri Üzerine İlk Değerlendirmeler","authors":"Erkan Alkaç","doi":"10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132022582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why are there no Neolithic mega-sites in the Anatolian Euphrates basin A socio-archaeological approach to the marital structure of early farming societies","authors":"C. Bodet","doi":"10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130132334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marmaris Müzesi nden Genç Bir Kadın (Plautilla ) Portresi: Geç Fark Edilen Bir Prenses","authors":"İbrahim Karaoğlan","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}