Medical Journal Armed Forces India最新文献

{"title":"Subjective Global Assessment and Nutrition Risk in Critically ill scores for assessment of nutritional status of ICU patients: A prospective observational study","authors":"Anuj Singhal,&nbsp;Manisha Rai,&nbsp;Subhasish Patnaik,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Patra,&nbsp;Sonumol Baby,&nbsp;Sayani Moulick","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition significantly impacts outcome of critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). However, standardized assessment tools are seldom applied in healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (NUTRIC) scores for identifying nutritional risks and predicting clinical outcomes in a military ICU setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single centre prospective observational study was conducted involving adult patients admitted to an ICU of a military tertiary care hospital. Nutritional status was assessed using the SGA and NUTRIC scores. The data was collected for their length of stay, days of mechanical ventilation and hospital acquired infections. The outcome of the patients was also analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On the basis of SGA score, 37% patients belong to moderate to severe malnutrition whereas, based on NUTRIC score on admission, 72% of patients had score &lt;5. As per the mean NUTRIC score, 28% patients were found to be in the high risk category. Also, the high risk group was significantly associated with prolonged ICU stays, more days of mechanical ventilation, incidence of hospital acquired infections and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SGA and NUTRIC scores are effective tools for early nutritional risk assessment in ICU. This study highlights the significant association of adverse outcomes with malnutrition in the specific patient population getting admitted in a military hospital. This underlines the need of incorporation of specific nutrition recommendations to improve ICU care as well as to conduct more such studies to confirm the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 459-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile and role of (1→3)-β-D-glucan level in probable sepsis patients for candidemia: A diagnostic test study","authors":"Arun Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Anuj Singhal,&nbsp;K. Kiran Kumar,&nbsp;Amul Kapoor,&nbsp;Renu Bala Yadav,&nbsp;Ashish Bahal,&nbsp;Gurpreet Singh,&nbsp;Naveen Chawla","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of candidemia, describe its clinical and risk factor profile, evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) compared with blood culture, and assess outcomes among probable sepsis patients with candidemia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted at a tertiary care referral hospital in North India between October 2022 and January 2024. Consecutive probable sepsis patients in whom empirical antifungal therapy was considered were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, serum BDG estimation (Fungitell® assay), and blood cultures using the BacT/Alert® system. Statistical analysis was performed using <em>R</em> version 4.2.3 and IBM SPSS Statistics <em>v20.0.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-three patients were included, with a mean age of 56 ± 20 years; 73.0% were male. Culture-positive candidemia was detected in 31 patients (49%). Mean BDG levels were significantly higher in culture-positive cases compared with culture-negative cases (150.10 ± 32 vs. 68.62 ± 6.5 pg/mL), with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–14.96). The BDG assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 47%, with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 1.58 and 0.34, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 65%, and the number needed to diagnose was 3.25. Fever was a significant clinical risk factor, with an adjusted prevalence OR of 15.7 (<em>P = 0.023</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The BDG assay demonstrates high sensitivity for candidemia but limited specificity, requiring cautious interpretation. It is best used as an adjunctive screening and decision-support tool to guide early empirical antifungal therapy in high-risk intensive care patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 468-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden and risk factors of dysmenorrhea among students in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vaibhav Chaudhary,&nbsp;Amer Khan,&nbsp;Sweta Kumari,&nbsp;Mohammed Maazuddin,&nbsp;Rohita,&nbsp;Sarasa Meenakshi,&nbsp;Krishna Murti,&nbsp;Nitesh Kumar,&nbsp;Sharda Morge Gudage,&nbsp;Biplab Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysmenorrhea is a prevalent gynecological condition that significantly impacts the daily functioning and quality of life of women. No true national prevalence has been reported in India. The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated risk factors among Indian students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search was carried out using platforms including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. Study quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. Data analysis was done in RStudio. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 32 reports were analyzed, estimating an overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea at 70.2% among students in India. Regionally, the highest prevalence was reported in Central India (78.9%), followed by North (72.9%), South (71.3%), and West (63.9%). Risk factors for dysmenorrhea included prolonged bleeding (&gt;5 days), presence of clots, a family history of the condition, physical inactivity, short exercise duration, and frequent consumption of fast food.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was found to be notably high among Indian students. Therefore, it is imperative for teachers and healthcare providers to support menstrual health awareness and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 381-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of basic life support training among middle school and high school children in Northeast Indian population","authors":"Murchana Khound,&nbsp;Bipul Kumar Das,&nbsp;Ankur Khandelwal,&nbsp;Abhishek Nath,&nbsp;Jaya Shankar Kaushik,&nbsp;Nishkarsh Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Sudden cardiac arrest<span> is a major public health<span> concern with survival rates of less than 10% for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in </span></span></span>India<span>. Integrating basic life support (BLS) training into school curricula is a promising strategy for widespread resuscitation education.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>This quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the effectiveness of BLS training among middle school (class 6–8) and high school (class 9–10) students in Northeast India. A total of 106 students were enrolled, equally divided between the two groups. The training included a pretest to assess baseline knowledge, a 1-h theory session, and a practical session with manikin demonstrations. Post-training assessments evaluated both knowledge gain and practical skill performance. Twelve key cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills were scored using a structured checklist based on the American Heart Association guidelines. Statistical analysis included paired </span><em>t</em>-tests for within-group comparisons and unpaired <em>t</em>-tests for between-group comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Middle school students showed significant improvement in knowledge scores (pretest mean: 11.9, posttest mean: 14.28; t = −11.85, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). High school students also improved (pretest mean: 13.62, posttest mean: 14.83; t = −6.62, <em>p</em><span><span> &lt; 0.001) but with a smaller effect size<span>. In practical skills, high school students outperformed middle school students in key areas such as patient assessment and correct CPR rate. However, no significant differences were found in skills like hand placement and </span></span>airway management across age groups.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BLS training is effective across age groups, but high school students exhibit superior skill retention and application. Early introduction and reinforcement during high school are recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 421-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of early radial artery occlusion by Doppler ultrasound following conventional transradial coronary procedures","authors":"Mohamed Mousa,&nbsp;Adel Gamal,&nbsp;Haitham Badran,&nbsp;Ahmed Koraa,&nbsp;Hesham Abushouk","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Radial artery<span> occlusion (RAO) remains a prevalent complication of the transradial approach (TRA) for coronary procedures, yet specific predictors and risk factors remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to assess the frequency of RAO and associated risk factors following TRA coronary procedures, particularly through early Doppler ultrasound evaluation.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective observational study included 250 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography<span> or percutaneous coronary intervention via TRA at a tertiary hospital. Patient data on demographics, clinical profiles, and procedural details, including hemostasis<span><span> methods, were collected. RAO and other complications were assessed by Doppler ultrasonography within 24 h post procedure. Statistical analysis used chi-squared tests, t-tests, and </span>logistic regression with SPSS (version 28).</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RAO was the most frequent complication, occurring in 20% of patients. Higher complication rates were significantly associated with age ≥60 years (p &lt; 0.001), female sex (p = 0.001), and a lower body mass index (p &lt; 0.001). Procedural factors contributing to higher RAO rates included longer procedure duration, use of wrap closure with gauze, and delayed compression release (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified older age (odds ratio [OR] = 265.33, p &lt; 0.001), female sex (OR = 31.42, p = 0.001), and delayed compression release (OR = 2.02, p = 0.007) as significant predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Older age, female sex, and delayed compression release significantly increase the risk of RAO following TRA procedures. Enhanced patient selection and tailored procedural protocols may mitigate these risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the attitude and perception of medical students toward LGBTQIA+ community","authors":"Onam Gupta,&nbsp;Saurabh Bobdey,&nbsp;V.K. Bhatti","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In India, various minority groups still face centuries-old practices of inequality. One such community that lacks social acceptance in society is the LGBTQIA+ community. The objective of our study was to assess the perceptions and attitudes of medical students toward the LGBTQIA+ community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>The study was conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college in western Maharashtra. Data were collected using the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS), a 32-question survey on Transphobia, Genderism, and Gender Bashing developed by Hill &amp; Willoughby (2005). Participants completed the questionnaire via Google Forms. The collected data were recorded in a computerized spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel) and analyzed using </span>SPSS software version 26.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study involved 470 undergraduate participants, consisting of 367 males and 103 females. Of these participants, 68.94% were aged between 19 and 21 years, 89.36% were Hindu by religion, and 71.91% were from urban areas. The mean score for transphobia and genderism was 115.58 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 28.85 (min 25 and max 175) and the median score was 116, while the mean score for gender bashing was 40.79 ± 8.52 (min 7 and max 49), and the median score was 44. The study found that males were more inclined towards gender bashing. Males and students from rural backgrounds exhibited higher levels of transphobia and genderism. Students who spent more time on social media, while those with friends or relatives from the LGBTQIA+ community and those who have attended any lecture/seen a documentary related to the LGBTQIA+ community were more tolerant toward the LGBTQIA+ community and less likely to engage in gender bashing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among all the professions, doctors must be gender-neutral to treat all patients equally and without bias. The study results indicate that medical students have a bias toward the LGBTQIA+ community, highlighting the need for information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns to increase social acceptance and sensitivity toward the needs of the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 414-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male participation in reproductive and child health care: A cross-sectional study in Western Maharashtra","authors":"Abhinav Pareek,&nbsp;Saibal Adhya,&nbsp;Sanjivani Patil,&nbsp;Suruchi Maheshwari","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) is a crucial indicator of a country's development. Involvement of males in RCH services is often limited in India. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the role and involvement of men in maternal healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth<span>. Hence present study was planned to assess the awareness and participation in RCH among married males in an urban area of Western Maharashtra and to find out socio-demographic factors associated with male participation in reproductive child health care.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2021 in an urban area of Western Maharashtra. Census data of all participants was available through family folders. Out of these, names of married men (&lt;40 years) of age were selected, and numbers were allotted to each individual. A total of 393 married men were selected through systematic random sampling from a complete list of eligible participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and participation in RCH care (antenatal, natal, postnatal care, immunization, and contraception). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The mean age of respondents was 31 years, with a 98.4% literacy rate. 97% knew about contraception; 52.7% were currently using it. 85.5% showed moderate to high participation in RCH care. 84.7% of couples made joint decisions regarding family planning. Significant associations were found between male participation and education, wife's education, and number of children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Male involvement is essential for improving RCH outcomes. Education and joint decision-making emerge as critical factors influencing male participation. The study highlights the need for integrating men into reproductive health programs to improve health outcomes. Encouraging joint decision-making in reproductive and family health is a promising strategy for achieving maternal health goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 435-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shiv Kumar Mudgal,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Vipin Patidar,&nbsp;Rakhi Gaur,&nbsp;Maneesh Sharma,&nbsp;Latha T","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nomophobia is on the rise, particularly among younger age. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of electronic databases, including Medline -PubMed, Embase<span><span>, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar was conducted until January 2024. Studies related to the prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students were considered, with an emphasis on those which utilised the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Two reviewers worked separately on research selection, </span>data extraction, and risk of bias evaluation. Heterogeneity was identified using a sensitivity analysis depending on the risk of bias and nation subgroups.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We Incorporated 27 studies with 11,219 individuals, out of which 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis, we found various degrees of nomophobia severity. Mild nomophobia was prevalent at 28% (95% CI, 22%–37%; I² = 97%), moderate nomophobia at 49% (95% CI, 40%–58%; I² = 97%), and severe nomophobia at 15% (95% CI, 10%–23%; I²<span><span> = 98%). Saudi Arabia, Portugal, Tunisia, Egypt, and the Philippines exhibited the highest prevalence of severe nomophobia, while </span>India reported the lowest rates.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nursing students demonstrated a high prevalence of mild and moderate nomophobia. Interventions in nursing institutions are essential for both prevention and management of such an issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 400-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual respiratory paradox: Chest discomfort and dysphonia after spinal anesthesia","authors":"Amrita Rath,&nbsp;Dikshitha Chetty,&nbsp;Reena","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 502-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case report of autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced hemochromatosis with butterfly sign","authors":"Satyam Raj,&nbsp;Nimisha Kabra,&nbsp;Govind Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"82 4","pages":"Pages 498-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148478690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}