Medical Journal Armed Forces India最新文献

{"title":"Standardisation of 3D-laser whole body scanner protocol for anthropometric measurements in cockpit ergonomics","authors":"M. Binu Sekhar ,&nbsp;Punyashlok Biswal ,&nbsp;V. Raghunandan ,&nbsp;N.K. Tripathy","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span><span>Standardizing the measurement protocol for 3D-Laser whole body scanners is crucial to ensure accurate </span>anthropometric measurements essential for designing cockpit workspaces. The aim of this study was to standardize the use of 3D laser anthropometric scanners for cockpit </span>ergonomic studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four hundred healthy male volunteers, aged 18 to 56 years (mean±SD: 32.9±10.2 years), participated in this study. Thirty-two anthropometric parameters relevant to the ergonomic design<span> of aircraft cockpits were measured using both a standard manual method and a newly developed 3D-laser scanner protocol. Manual measurements were conducted with the IAM Portable Manual Anthropometer, while 3D-laser scanning was performed using the VITUS® 3D-Laser Whole Body Scanner and ANTHROSCAN software by Human Solutions GmbH. Statistical comparisons were made for each parameter to evaluate differences in means, correlations, and agreement between the two measurement methods.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The percentage differences in means were up to 1% for 10 parameters, between 1% and 5% for 15 parameters, and exceeded 5% for 7 parameters. Seven parameters showed good correlation, 24 had moderate correlation, and one parameter had poor correlation. The agreement analysis revealed that the maximum bias for the 95% confidence interval, expressed as a percentage of the average of both means, was less than 5% for five parameters, between 5% and 10% for 14 parameters, and exceeded 10% for 13 parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Analysis of differences in means, correlation strength, and agreement bias indicated that among the 32 anthropometric parameters, five were highly comparable, 14 were moderately comparable, and the remaining 13 were weakly comparable. Recommendations were made to refine and validate the 3D-scanner measurement protocol for better use in cockpit design ergonomics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 689-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of virtual reality in management of complex congenital heart diseases in comparison to conventional cardiac computed tomography scan","authors":"Nikhil Tiwari ,&nbsp;Arvind Mishra ,&nbsp;H. Ravi Ramamurthy ,&nbsp;Gorav Sharma ,&nbsp;B. Dhanalakshmi ,&nbsp;Somali Pattanayak ,&nbsp;Alok Kumar ,&nbsp;Saajan Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Virtual reality (VR) image reconstruction enables the computer-assisted conversion of two-dimensional imaging data into virtual “models” or replicas. This helps reconstruct patient-specific virtual three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) to better understand the anomaly and surgical decision-making. The study aimed to evaluate the role of VR by creating patient-specific cardiac VR images from high-resolution imaging data of computed tomography (CT) angiography in such patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with complex CHD with a dilemma in surgical management plan after initial evaluation with echocardiography and conventional cardiac CT scans were included for VR cardiac structural reconstruction. All cases were reviewed by the same team, and decisions before VR and after VR were grouped as either “corrective surgery” or “no surgery or medical management”. Agreement in terms of therapeutic decision between the pre-VR and post-VR was analyzed using Cohen's kappa test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 754 patients diagnosed to have CHD, 413 (54.7%) patients had a clear surgical plan. 146 (19.3%) underwent cardiac catheterization-based intervention procedures while 185 (24.5%) required only medical follow-up. Ten patients (1.3%) had a management dilemma and were included in the study. The commonest indication was to assess the routability of the aorta to the left ventricle. There was an agreement between the pre-VR and post-VR management decisions for three patients (k = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.60, 0.18).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VR reconstruction in CHD is useful in a selected group of patients to improve surgical planning and outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 698-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dermatology: The shifting paradigms","authors":"Biju Vasudevan ,&nbsp;Debdeep Mitra ,&nbsp;Venus Deshwal","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing dermatological practice, fundamentally transforming diagnostic methodologies, treatment approaches, and patient care delivery systems. This perspective examines the current landscape of AI integration in dermatology, with particular emphasis on the Indian healthcare context. The rapid advancement of deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has achieved diagnostic accuracies comparable to board-certified dermatologists in skin cancer detection, with sensitivities reaching 87% and specificities of 77% across various conditions.</div><div>Current applications demonstrate significant promise in conditions ranging from melanoma detection to inflammatory dermatoses, with AI-powered tools showing superior performance in lesion counting and severity assessment compared to manual evaluation. However, challenges persist, including dataset bias, particularly underrepresentation of darker skin tones, regulatory uncertainties, and the need for comprehensive training programs.</div><div>Looking forward, the roadmap for AI in Indian dermatology requires strategic curriculum reform, incorporating AI literacy into residency training, development of culturally diverse datasets, and establishment of robust validation frameworks. The rise of vision-language models combined with collaborative learning presents a unique chance to make dermatological knowledge more accessible, especially in areas with limited resources. This transformation demands adaptive strategies from practicing dermatologists, emphasizing continuous learning, ethical AI implementation, and collaborative approaches to technology integration.</div><div>The future of dermatology lies in augmented intelligence, where AI serves as a powerful ally rather than a replacement, enhancing diagnostic precision and expanding access to specialized care across India's diverse healthcare landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 618-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond algorithms: Ethical implications of AI in healthcare","authors":"Rajiv Kumar Pathni","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the recent years, the abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to augment those of clinicians have been repeatedly and emphatically demonstrated in many medical domains. However, the current state and nature of the technology have raised several concerns about its safety and ethicality. World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned about the need to demonstrate evidence-based benefits before AI services are offered to patients as they may come with long-term risks. While AI brings immense possibilities, it is essential to address these ethical challenges to ensure its safe, reliable, fair, and trustworthy application in healthcare. This paper explores the challenges for AI in healthcare and discusses its ethical implications using the framework of the four core principles of modern bioethics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 630-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health technology assessment for mental health in India","authors":"Kaushik Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Ankit Dangi ,&nbsp;Vinay Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health technology assessment (HTA) is a method of systematically assessing various aspects of a new or available health technology regarding its implementation. HTA can generate evidence regarding the cost effectiveness among existing similar health technology interventions as well. This is relevant in current times when healthcare costs are rising and health inequity is prominent. Mental health care is widely neglected, and globally, resource allocation for mental health is a miniscule part of total health expenditure. HTA in mental health can provide scientifically valid information to guide policy decisions for rational healthcare resource allocation. In India, although HTA has been partly institutionalised, inclusion of mental health–related issues for HTA has lagged. In this short review, we briefly survey the state of HTA in India from a mental health perspective. We have highlighted possible areas that might benefit from HTA process in the field of mental health in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 626-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future-ready military healthcare: Forensic odontology training and digital dental records integration in the Indian Armed Forces","authors":"Poonam Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic odontology (FO) emerges as a critical discipline in conflict victim identification, particularly amid the challenges posed by war and calamities within the operational landscape of the Indian Armed Forces. FO plays an important role in improving the precision and efficacy of victim identification procedures in times of conflict.</div><div>In the aftermath of wars and calamities, traditional identification methods may be rendered inadequate due to factors such as mass casualties, decomposition, or disfigurement. One particularly important area of forensic science is odontology, which uses radiography, dental records and distinguishing dental characteristics to establish the identity of victims. Application of advanced technologies, including digital imaging and dental databases, further amplifies the precision and speed of identification efforts.</div><div>The abstract aims to highlight the significance of fostering specialized training programs for forensic odontologists within the Indian Armed Forces, ensuring their preparedness to confront the unique challenges of conflict victim identification. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic odontologists, pathologists and other forensic experts as essential for developing comprehensive and efficient identification protocols.</div><div>Integration of FO into the operational protocols of the Indian Armed Forces, will contribute to the establishment of a robust framework for conflict victim identification during war and calamities. This proactive approach will not only aid in bringing closure to grieving families but also plays a crucial role in upholding human rights and international humanitarian standards amid the complexities of conflict scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 644-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will Artificial Intelligence replace physicians?","authors":"Avinash Supe","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 623-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EDU_VACCINE app: Mobile application for public health students and health educators","authors":"Mahsa Khodayarian ,&nbsp;Arezoo Dehghani ,&nbsp;Hossein Fallahzadeh ,&nbsp;Elahe Nafari","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the valuable tools in virtual education is mobile phone-based educational applications. The present study aims to design and evaluate the vaccination<span> training program through a mobile phone application for the internship of public health students in 2022.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>The current developmental-applied study was carried out among 30 female undergraduate public health students using census sampling method. The information needs and technical capabilities of the program were first determined. A skill-testing station test was taken, and the scores were recorded. The designed application was given to the students, and they were given one month to use it. After that, the same stationary test was taken again, and the scores were compared with those of the first test. Then, the level of user satisfaction with the vaccination<span> training program was collected and analyzed using the fifth version of the user interaction satisfaction (QUIS) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25 and the </span></span>Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The students’ average performance scores in vaccination skills increased from 17.56 ± 6.24 to 60.4 ± 2.15 after using the EDU_VACCINE application (p &lt; 0.05). The average overall satisfaction score of the application was 117.86 ± 10.76 (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to the results, the average scores related to the vaccination performance of the students as well as the satisfaction of the EDU_VACCINE application are at a high level. Respectively, ‘ease of working with the application’ and its being ‘offline’ garnered the highest level of satisfaction, and these factors can make education through the application more popular among different educational fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 6","pages":"Pages 658-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage using flow cytometry in antenatal care patients at an tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra","authors":"Ujjwal Dimri ,&nbsp;A.K. Baranwal ,&nbsp;Bidhan Roy ,&nbsp;Gurpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Amit Ajay Pawar ,&nbsp;Rajat Jagani ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Biswas ,&nbsp;Anurag Gairola","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Fetomaternal haemorrhage<span><span> (FMH), in which foetal red blood cells enter maternal circulation, can cause complications like foetal </span>anaemia, </span></span>hydrops foetalis<span><span>, alloimmunisation and </span>foetal death. A notable gap exists in the literature regarding FMH quantification in the Indian patient population vis-a-vis the Western population. This study estimated severe FMH using flow cytometry (FCM) in antenatal patients at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-centre, prospective observational study was conducted over two years in our institute on 100 consenting antenatal patients. Venous blood samples were analysed with dual-colour FCM to quantify foetal red blood cells, and FMH volume was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>Among the 100 antenatal patients, 54% were primigravida<span> with a mean age of 25.68 years. Severe FMH (&gt;30 ml) was detected in 40% of participants using FCM. Most mothers (94%) and newborns (97%) were RhD positive, with no active alloimmunisation cases. Statistical analysis showed no significant links between FMH and </span></span>maternal age, blood group, parity, delivery type, </span>haemoglobin levels, gestational age, or newborn gender, except for a significant (p = 0.032) association with Rh status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Presence of severe FMH in up to 40% of our study population indicates that severe FMH in present Indian subset of antenatal care (ANC) clientele is a considerable phenomenon and underscores the need to conduct research in Indian population in this direction.</div><div>Similarly, the modality for FCM for FMH evaluation in Indian patient clientele should be considered to all the high-risk ANC where severe FMH is expected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerotherapy of abdominal lymphangioma: An effective treatment modality","authors":"Meghna Kinjalk ,&nbsp;Deepak Goyal ,&nbsp;Dhruv Bhoria ,&nbsp;Sujoy Neogi","doi":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Abdominal lymphangioma is rare in children. The etiopathogenesis and the treatment modalities to be used are not clearly defined. We report a case of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with abdominal pain. On examination, there was a mass in the left flank. CT showed an intraperitoneal multiloculated cystic lesion. The patient was given intralesional </span>bleomycin therapy and followed up, there was no recurrence.</div><div>Abdominal malformations should be considered for cases with gradually enlarging abdominal lumps. Treatment with intralesional bleomycin yields excellent outcomes and should be preferred in cases where complete surgical resection is not feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39387,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","volume":"81 5","pages":"Pages 606-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}