S. Ito, H. Hashizume, L. Bromberg, M. Takayasu, J. Minervini
{"title":"Proposal of electrical edge joint for a demountable high-temperature superconducting magnet","authors":"S. Ito, H. Hashizume, L. Bromberg, M. Takayasu, J. Minervini","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052302","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical edge joint of a stacked high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor is explored for electrical joints for a demountable HTS toroidal field coil. Demountable coils would be very useful in small tokamak plasma-facing component-test machines, such as Vulcan. The demountable concept consists of forcing together the edges of stacked HTS conductor embedded in a conductive or a structural material. Numerical evaluation showed that inserting an indium film between joint surfaces or plating copper layer on joint surfaces could prevent joint resistance from increasing due to misalignment of the contact surface and would provide a compliant layer between joints. Joint resistance of the edge joint can become smaller than that of electrical lap joint when the number of the stacked HTS tape is large. We carried out a testing program of the edge joint of a stacked YBCO conductor within a copper jacket. The HTS cable has a critical current of 1600 A at 77 K in self field. The experimental results showed that joint resistance in the edge joint was higher than expectation, as was irreproducible. One potential reason for the degradation of HTS material is the damage to the tape edge in preparation of the joint region due to milling. Another potential reason was low accuracy of fabrication of joint surface, the joint surface were not parallel to another one. The joint resistance will be reduced by sophistication of fabrication process for the joint surface.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121323237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rotti, A. Chakraborty, I. Ahmed, G. Roopesh, M. Bandyopadhyay, M.J. Singh, Sejal Shah, A. Phukan, R. Yadav, N. Panda, K. Balasubramanian
{"title":"Development of CuCrZr alloy for applications in Neutral Beams","authors":"C. Rotti, A. Chakraborty, I. Ahmed, G. Roopesh, M. Bandyopadhyay, M.J. Singh, Sejal Shah, A. Phukan, R. Yadav, N. Panda, K. Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052213","url":null,"abstract":"In the neutral Beam Injector (NBI) systems, Cu-Cr-Zr alloy having constituents in the range of 0.6 – 0.8 % in Cr, 0.07 – 0.15 % in Zr, forms the key constituent of the high heat flux components. Applications manifest in swirl tubes (rectangular, circular) and Heat Transfer Elements (more conventionally known as hypervapotrons).","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122576141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sykes, M. Gryaznevich, G. Voss, D. Kingham, B. Kuteev
{"title":"Fusion for neutrons: A realisable fusion neutron source","authors":"A. Sykes, M. Gryaznevich, G. Voss, D. Kingham, B. Kuteev","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052205","url":null,"abstract":"For 60 years fusion research has been focused on Fusion for Energy (F4E) as the ultimate carbon-free solution to the world's energy problems. It is proving a worthy but difficult task. However it is relatively easy to produce high-energy fusion neutrons. The many potential applications of a 14MeV neutron source are outlined, and a range of existing designs for such a source, based on a D-T fuelled Spherical Tokamak (ST), are reviewed. It is shown that the problems of high build and operating costs and uncertainties in operating conditions, can be eased by a small device SCFNS (Super-Compact Fusion Neutron Source) of major radius ∼0.5m, which although operating at modest plasma performance can provide megawatt-level neutron output. This break-through is achieved via the effectiveness of beam-plasma fusion, which becomes dominant in these conditions. Such a device would provide a resolution of the uncertainties in fusion STs (such as start-up, ramp-up, and steady-state operation); be an effective neutron source for research, and be an ideal entry vehicle for development of more powerful neutron sources in the new objective of ‘Fusion for Neutrons’ (F4N).","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125739373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Surrey, A. Benn, I. Jenkins, M. Porton, W. Timmis
{"title":"The influence of injector design on neutral beam optimisation for DEMO","authors":"E. Surrey, A. Benn, I. Jenkins, M. Porton, W. Timmis","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052258","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements for neutral beam injection (NBI) on DEMO are assessed and the consequences for the design of the injectors discussed. Optimization of current drive requires NBI within a 2m × 2m envelope in the plasma poloidal cross section at large tangency radii. This is compatible with beamlines of 20m length and moderate high voltage stand-off distances between injectors. However, q-profile control will necessitate at least three beamlines of different injector types and may not be compatible with shinethrough power limits. Material irradiation studies show that there is no significant design issue for radial distances greater than 3m from the tokamak wall.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133788271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Walsh, P. Andrew, R. Barnsley, L. Bertalot, R. Boivin, D. Bora, R. Bouhamou, S. Ciattaglia, A. Costley, G. Counsell, M. Direz, J. Drevon, A. Encheva, T. Fang, M. von Hellermann, D. Johnson, J. Kim, Y. Kusama, H. G. Lee, B. Levesy, A. Martin, P. Maquet, K. Okayama, R. Reichle, K. Patel, C. S. Pitcher, A. Prakash, S. Simrock, N. Taylor, V. Udintsev, Y. Utin, P. Vasu, G. Vayakis, E. Veshchev, B. Schunke, C. Walker, C. Watts, A. Zvonkov
{"title":"ITER diagnostic challenges","authors":"M. Walsh, P. Andrew, R. Barnsley, L. Bertalot, R. Boivin, D. Bora, R. Bouhamou, S. Ciattaglia, A. Costley, G. Counsell, M. Direz, J. Drevon, A. Encheva, T. Fang, M. von Hellermann, D. Johnson, J. Kim, Y. Kusama, H. G. Lee, B. Levesy, A. Martin, P. Maquet, K. Okayama, R. Reichle, K. Patel, C. S. Pitcher, A. Prakash, S. Simrock, N. Taylor, V. Udintsev, Y. Utin, P. Vasu, G. Vayakis, E. Veshchev, B. Schunke, C. Walker, C. Watts, A. Zvonkov","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052210","url":null,"abstract":"ITER will explore a plasma parameter envelope currently not available in tokamaks. This will require a set of diagnostics that can follow this envelope. To implement these diagnostics in a reliable and robust way requires development of current techniques in many areas to make them applicable to ITER: they need to be operable in the ITER environment and satisfy the physics and engineering requirements. In some cases, the exploitation of new techniques will be required. While much work has been carried out in this area, significant further work remains to bring the system to implementation.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131859764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overvoltage protection of the Ion source and extraction power supplies in the SPIDER experiment","authors":"A. Zamengo, A. Pesce, M. Bigi","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052346","url":null,"abstract":"The SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from RadioFrequency plasma) experiment will constitute the test bed for developing the ion source of ITER negative ion neutral beam injectors. The beam source of SPIDER will be subjected to breakdowns across the beam extraction and acceleration grids and the protection of the power supply systems from the effects of these events is mandatory. OCEM SpA has been contracted to provide the Ion Source and Extraction Power Supplies (ISEPS) for SPIDER and has developed a design for the Extraction Grid Power Supply, a power supply of −12kV output feeding the beam extractor. This work presents the model used for fast transient simulation of the SPIDER power supply system with particular emphasis on the design solutions against overvoltage across the output poles of the Extraction Grid Power Supply (EGPS).","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114992992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical calculation of reactions on electrode surfaces and in a volume of a discharge type fusion neutron source","authors":"K. Noborio, S. Konishi, T. Maegawa, Y. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052315","url":null,"abstract":"A one dimensional PIC (particle-in-cell) MCC (Monte Carlo collision) code has been developed to simulate discharge type fusion neutron sources and IECF (inertial electrostatic confinement fusion) devices. The discharge characteristics and fusion reaction rate of single and double grid devices have been calculated for wide range gas pressure (10−4Pa - 4Pa). The results suggests that a) interspace between the chamber wall and the anode grid of double grid device supplies ions which assist sustainable glow discharge at lower pressures and b) surface reaction on the cathode is dominant at pressures lower than 0.1Pa.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115452572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y-K.M. Peng, J.M. Park, J. Canik, S. Diem, A. Sontag, A. Lumsdaine, Yl Katoh, R. Burgess, K. Korsah, B. Patton, J. Wagner, P. Fogarty, M. Sawan
{"title":"Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF)","authors":"Y-K.M. Peng, J.M. Park, J. Canik, S. Diem, A. Sontag, A. Lumsdaine, Yl Katoh, R. Burgess, K. Korsah, B. Patton, J. Wagner, P. Fogarty, M. Sawan","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052222","url":null,"abstract":"A compact (R0∼1.2–1.3m), low aspect ratio, low-Q (<3) Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) was recently assessed to provide a fully integrated, D-T-fueled, continuously driven plasma, volumetric nuclear environment of copious neutrons. This environment would be used, for the first time, to carry out discovery-driven research in fusion nuclear science and materials, in parallel with and complementary to ITER. This research would aim to test, discover, and understand new nuclear-nonnuclear synergistic interactions involving plasma material interactions, neutron material interactions, tritium fuel breeding and transport, and power extraction, and innovate and develop solutions for DEMO components. This facility properly designed could provide, initially using conservative JET-level D-T plasmas in Hot-Ion H-Mode, and an outboard fusion neutron flux of ∼0.33 MW/m2. If the research, facility operation, and component solutions were successful, the performance could be raised to 1 MW/m2 (fusion power ∼76 MW) by reaching for twice the JET plasma pressure and Q. Stable high-safety factor q and ² plasmas would be chosen to minimize plasma-induced disruptions, and deliver reliably a neutron fluence of 1 MW-yr/m2, if duty factors of ∼10% (accumulated plasma burn time in a year) can be achieved. Such duty factors would therefore require time-efficient installation and replacement of all components using remote handling (RH). These in turn would require RH-compatible modular designs for all internal components, a single-turn toroidal field coil center-post, and placement of support structures and vacuum seal welds behind the internal and shielding components. RH-enabled hot-cell laboratories would enable preparation and investigations of damages of the internal test components. The scientific and technical basis for such an FNSF, and the research needed in the next decade to manage the potential risks in its research capabilities, will be described.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114006183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NSTX Power Supply configuration control upgrade","authors":"N. Desai, R. Hatcher, C. Neumeyer","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052335","url":null,"abstract":"The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is in its second decade of operation at PPPL. NSTX has a total of 15 coil systems (which include the coils, their dedicated power supplies and associated auxiliary equipment) that create and control the plasma per the experimental objectives. Each coil system is individually controllable via the NSTX Power Supply Real Time Controller (PSRTC) software code written in C language. The NSTX has great flexibility in both the configuration of its coil system and in the operating envelope afforded by the connected power supplies. To ensure proper operation and to minimize the probability of lost runtime due to system faults, the project has developed a procedure that governs system configuration. The Integrated System Test Procedure (ISTP-001) documents the NSTX machine parameters, experiment configuration limits, machine protection settings and device settings. This paper will describe calculations for the ISTP 001 methodology and system protection settings; record keeping of the various configuration revisions and the upgrade in progress to improve readability and calculation capabilities.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123190197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermalhydraulic optimization of hypervapotron geometries for first wall applications","authors":"D. Youchison, M. Ulrickson, J. Bullock","doi":"10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2011.6052283","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma disruptions and Edge Localized Modes (ELMS) may result in transient heat fluxes as high as 5 MW/m2 on portions of the ITER first wall (FW). To accommodate these heat loads, roughly 50% of the first wall will have Enhanced Heat Flux (EHF) panels equipped with water-cooled hypervapotron heat sinks.","PeriodicalId":393592,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124621980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}