Raneesha Navaretnam, Izazy Nur Mohd Jaafar, Mohd Yunus Shukor, N. A. Yasid
{"title":"Exposure and Toxicity of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: A Mini Review","authors":"Raneesha Navaretnam, Izazy Nur Mohd Jaafar, Mohd Yunus Shukor, N. A. Yasid","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i2.846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i2.846","url":null,"abstract":"Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), recognized as persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Environment Programme, are a class of brominated flame retardants that pose significant environmental and health risks. These compounds, consisting of two aromatic rings with up to 10 bromine atom substitutions, are categorized into penta-BDE, octa-BDE, and deca-BDE based on their bromine content, each exhibiting distinct environmental behaviors. PBDEs with fewer bromine atoms are more volatile and prone to bioaccumulation, raising significant health concerns. These compounds, often added physically to products, can leach into the environment, leading to pollution during production and after the parent polymer degrades. The transformation of higher brominated diphenyl ethers into less brominated forms in the environment further complicates their impact, with mono-brominated BDE-3 being particularly concerning due to its extended atmospheric photolysis lifetime and increased bioavailability. The management of PBDEs is challenging due to their persistence and transformation in the environment. As endocrine disruptors, they are linked to various acute and chronic toxicological effects, including neurodevelopmental toxicity, teratogenicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Their structural similarity to thyroid hormones allows them to disrupt thyroid hormone balance, leading to further health complications. The subject of this review is to summarize the current body of knowledge that is essential to understand their long-term effects on ecosystems and human health and to develop strategies to mitigate their adverse impacts.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":" 62","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Temperature Variation on Behaviour and Growth Performance of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Adamu Ibrahim, Abubakar Umar, Leatu Nathaniel Burak","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.839","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of temperature variation on the behaviour and growth performance of Clarias gariepinus was studied. Temperature has both direct and indirect influence on fisheries and aquaculture. This study was set to evaluate how changes in temperature of the aquatic environment influence the behaviour and growth of Clarias gariepinus as one of the best aquaculture candidates especially in central and western Africa. The fish were subjected to different temperature conditions over a period of eight (8) weeks. Changes in fish behaviour were determined by careful observation of feeding behaviour as well as swimming patterns. Changes in the growth of fish were determined by measuring the weight of the fish and the standard length of the fish accordingly. The outcome of the current study reveals that temperature significantly affects the behaviour and growth performance of Clarias gariepinus. The effect is more significant in the weight than the length of the fish. Temperature values between 20-27 ℃ are more suitable for proper growth and well-being of Clarias gariepinus, any further increase in temperature above 27 ℃ causes a decline in the growth that fish species.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leatu Nathaniel Burak, Abubakar Umar, Umar Adamu Musa
{"title":"Subacute Toxicity of Wood Ash (Toka) on Behaviour, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar rat","authors":"Leatu Nathaniel Burak, Abubakar Umar, Umar Adamu Musa","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.838","url":null,"abstract":"Toka is mostly produced from maize cob by the process of leaching, diluting decanting and removal of water residue. It is a commonly used food additive in northern Nigeria. Thirty-three Wistar rats were used to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity of toka. The median lethal dose or LD50 of toka using the up and down procedure was discovered to be above 2000 mg/kg since administering 175 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg did not trigger death. However, during the 28-d study for sub-chronic toxicity study of Toka on the four test groups with graded doses of 0 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 g/kg. Physical behaviour such as redness of the eye started on the seventh day of the experiment while blisters on the mouth were observed from the fourteenth day of the experiment. There was no significant difference between the parameters and test groups. The findings of the current investigation revealed that there is not 54any significant difference in all the haematological parameters except haemoglobin. It also reveals various changes in the haematological parameters; White blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB), MCV, MCH, neutrophil (N) and Lymphocyte (L), did not show any significant difference with the control. Red blood cells (RBC) decreased significantly; this could be due to the increase in the breakdown of haemoglobin. There was an increase in the activity of ALT during the oral administration of Toka at different doses, this is an indication of the Liver malfunctioning. The outcome of this research indicated the toxicity of Toka on Wistar rats and therefore prolonged use of Toka as a food additive may have a toxic effect on some organs of the user.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdusssamad Abubakar, Sanusi Magaji, Ahmad Razi Othman, Ibrahim Sabo
{"title":"Primary Growth Models Investigation of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Growth on Octylphenol Polyethoxylates","authors":"Abdusssamad Abubakar, Sanusi Magaji, Ahmad Razi Othman, Ibrahim Sabo","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.843","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the degradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates by Pseudomonas nitrore-ducens TX1 using secondary kinetics analysis. Nonlinear kinetic regression was employed through the utilization of curve-fitting software in order to fit the digitized growth degradation data. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using various statistical metrics including root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accu-racy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). The accuracy and statistical analysis of the kinetic models used showed that only the Huang, Baranyi Roborts, modified Gompertz, Bu-chanan-3-phase, modified Richards and Von Bertalanffy model fit the data, with modified Logis-tics having the best model with low RMSE and AICc values, highest adjusted R2 values, and Bias Factor and Accuracy Factor values closest to unity. The calculated values for the modified Logis-tics constant maximum growth rate (m), maximum growth value (A) and lag period (l), were 0.179 (h-1), 2.199 and 13.015 h, respectively. Growth curve of the bacterium on varying concen-trations of this compound can then be modelled using this model and the maximum growth rate value can be utilized for secondary modelling works further revealing important parameters.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, M. E. Khayat, Mohd Yunus Shukor
{"title":"Isothermal Modelling of the Adsorption of Crystal violet onto Modified Charred Rice Husk","authors":"Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, M. E. Khayat, Mohd Yunus Shukor","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.837","url":null,"abstract":"The rice milling process produces rice husk as a by-product. It is one of the most important agricultural leftovers in terms of volume. The data of the sorption isotherm of crystal violet (CV) sorption onto modified charred rice husk, which was plotted using linearized plots of isothermal models were reanalyzed using twenty isothermal models using nonlinear regression. Nineteen models — Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Toth, Hill, Khan, BET, Vieth-Sladek, Radke-Prausnitz, Fritz-Schlunder III, Unilan, Baudu, Marczewski-Jaroniec, Fritz-Schluender IV, Weber-van Vliet and Fritz-Schluender V – fitted the data best using non-linear regression. Statistical analysis based on error function analyses such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), accuracy factor (AF), bias factor (BF), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), and Hannan-Quinn Criterion (HQC) showed that Jovanovic model was the best model. The maximal adsorption capacity in the Jovanovic model, expressed in milligrams per gram (mg/g), is denoted by qmJ while Kj is the Jovanovic constant, and the calculated values were 55.979 mg/L (95% confidence interval; 52.556 to 59.403) and 0.010 (95% confidence interval; 0.008 to 0.012), respectively. The nonlinear regression method provides parameter values within the 95% confidence interval, facilitating improved comparability with prior research.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdusssamad Abubakar, H. Yakasai, G. Uba, Ibrahim Sabo
{"title":"Substrate Inhibition Modelling of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Growth on Octylphenol Polyethoxylates","authors":"Abdusssamad Abubakar, H. Yakasai, G. Uba, Ibrahim Sabo","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.841","url":null,"abstract":"Octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEs) constitute a class of non-ionic surfactants extensively employed in various industrial applications. However, concerns have arisen regarding the potential environmental and human health impacts of OPEs because of their widespread use and persistence in aquatic environments. Bioremediation of OPE in the environment using OPE-degrading bacterium is appealing as bacterial metabolism converts OPE to harmless carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. In this study, various secondary growth models such as Luong, Yano, Teissier-Edward, Aiba, Haldane, Monod, Han, and Levenspiel were employed to model the inhibitory effect of high OPE concentrations to the growth rate of Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1 the bacterium on OPE. Following thorough statistical analyses such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), and accuracy factor (AF), the Teissier model emerged as the most optimal choice. All of the studied models showed good fittings except Moser, Monod and Hinshelwood which showed the poorest curve fitting. The Teissier model emerged as the most suitable model, as indicated by its remarkably low values for RMSE, AICc, and modified adjR2. Furthermore, the model's AF and BF values were close to unity (Table 2). The experimental data obtained indicates that OPE is toxic and slows down the rate of growth at higher concentrations. The maximum OPE specific growth rate (max), half-saturation concentration (KS), half inhibition concentration (Ki) was 0.613 h-1 (95% Confidence Interval or C.I. from 0.519 to 0.707), 2352.8 mg/L (95% C.I. from 1668.8 to 3036.8) and 52,456.7 mg/L (95% C.I. from 38395.0 to 66518.5), respectively. It is possible that these new constants found when modeling could be useful inputs for future modeling efforts.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amalina Athirah Mohd Awi, N. A. Yasid, Mohd Yunus Shukor
{"title":"Characterization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate–degrading Enterobacter cloacae sp. STRAIN AaMa","authors":"Amalina Athirah Mohd Awi, N. A. Yasid, Mohd Yunus Shukor","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.840","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants are substances that can reduce its surface tension during dissolved in water or liquid and produce foam or solid. Bacterial-degrading SDS can be used for the bioremediation of this toxic substance in aquatic bodies or in soil. In this study, the isolation, identification and characterization of a local SDS-degrading bacterium is reported. Samples were isolated from a local location that had a history in surfactant contamination. Screening results shows that the best SDS-degrader was identified as Enterobacter cloacae sp. strain AaMa. The optimum conditions for the Enterobacter cloacae sp. strain AaMa to degrade the SDS were at pH 7.5, temperature 30 °C and the best nitrogen source to degrade the SDS was sodium nitrate. The Km (app) and Vmax (app) of SDS-degrading enzyme were 0.1035 mM and 0.4851 µmol SDS per minute per mg protein, respectively.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdusssamad Abubakar, N. A. Yasid, Ahmad Razi Othman, Mohd Yunus Shukor
{"title":"Biosorption of Azo Dyes by Bacterial Biomass: A review","authors":"Abdusssamad Abubakar, N. A. Yasid, Ahmad Razi Othman, Mohd Yunus Shukor","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v11i1.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i1.844","url":null,"abstract":"This review explores the potential of bacterial biomass as a sustainable and cost-effective approach for removing azo dyes from wastewater. Azo dyes, widely used in various industries, pose significant environmental challenges due to their persistence and potential toxic effects. The study provides an extensive analysis of the current literature on the biosorption of dye using bacterial biomass. It discusses the mechanisms involved in biosorption, including physicochemical interactions, microbial metabolism, and cell surface characteristics. The review presents an overview of different bacterial species, their suitability for biosorption, and the factors that influence their efficiency. The review critically evaluates various parameters affecting biosorption performance, such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and biomass dosage. It highlights the importance of optimizing these parameters to enhance biosorption efficacy and maximize dye removal efficiency. The advantages and limitations of using bacterial biomass for azo dye biosorption and comparing it with other conventional treatment methods were discussed. The potential application of biosorption in large-scale scenarios and the challenges associated with its implementation are also addressed. The review emphasizes the need for further studies to explore novel bacterial strains, improve biosorption kinetics, optimize process parameters, and investigate the fate of dye-loaded biomass.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.F. Rahman, M. E. Khayat, A. Abubakar, H. Yakasai, M. Shukor
{"title":"A Two-Level Factorial Design for Screening Factors that Influence the Growth of Pseudomonas sp. Strain Dry135 on Acrylamide","authors":"M.F. Rahman, M. E. Khayat, A. Abubakar, H. Yakasai, M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v10i2.771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v10i2.771","url":null,"abstract":"Polyacrylamide is one of the most important sources of acrylamide in soil because it degrades into acrylamide over time. The breakdown of acrylamide by bacteria has experienced a steady but consistent increase in interest all over the world as a bioremediation technique. In this investigation, a previously obtained molybdenum-reducing bacterium with amide-degrading capabilities was found on critical parameters leading to optimum growth on acrylamide utilizing a two-level factorial design. The two-level factorial design was used in the screening of five independent parameters impacting the bacterium's growth on acrylamide. These variables include pH, temperature, incubation period, acrylamide concentration, and ammonium sulphate concentration. The two-factor factorial design was successful in identifying major contributing parameters in the growth of this bacterium on acrylamide, which were acrylamide concentration, pH, and incubation time (p<0.05), which can be further optimized using RSM in future research. ANOVA, Pareto's chart, pertubation's plot, and other diagnostic plots were used to analyze the significant contributing components or parameters. Diagnostic plots such as half-normal, Cook's distance, residual vs runs, leverage vs runs, Box-Cox, DFFITS, and DFBETAS all supported the two-level factorial result. The acrylamide range used in this study was well within the range reported to being tolerated by the majority of acrylamide-degrading bacteria. Incubation time is an expected finding because longer incubation time allows for higher growth, and incubation time ranging from two to five days for optimized growth has been documented in numerous acrylamide-degrading bacteria. Most acrylamide-degrading microorganisms grow well in near-neutral environments, and the results obtained in this investigation are consistent with published literature trends.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133754053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substrate Inhibition Kinetics Models for Fitting the Growth Rate of Phenol by an Immobilized Pseudomonas putida","authors":"G. Uba, H. Yakasai, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.54987/jemat.v10i2.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v10i2.770","url":null,"abstract":"Phenol, in particular, is one of several dangerous synthetic compounds created by humans. There were more than 80,000 chemicals produced in the US for industrial use, and many of these are phenol and phenolic compounds that end up in the environment without being subjected to adequate safety assessment. There are several types of bacteria that may use phenol as a carbon source, making bioremediation of this dangerous material a promising possibility. We found that at very high concentrations of phenol, the growth rate of Pseudomonas putida NAUN-16 was significantly slowed down. The primary growth model modified Gompertz was utilized to obtain the growth parameter specific growth rate. In this study, we continue the work by further modelling the effect of substrate or phenol on the growth rate of the bacterium using several substrate inhibition kinetic models such as Monod, Haldane, Teissier, Aiba, Yano and Koga, Han and Levenspiel, Luong, Moser, Webb and Hinshelwood. The resultant fittings show appreciable fitting with the exception of the Monod model. The Teissier model, as opposed to the more widely used Haldane model, better suited the growth rate data at different concentrations of phenol as judged by the results of the RMSE, AICc, adjustedR2, F-test, and bias and accuracy factor. The designated values of the Teissier constants were maximal reduction rate, half saturation constant for maximal reduction and half inhibition constant which are symbolized by max, Ks and Ki were 0.150 1/hr (95% confidence interval 0.120 to 0.180), 162.19 mg/L (95% C.I.55.58 to 268.79) and 1291.94 mg/L (95% C.I. 1067.24 to 1516.65), respectively. The value generated from curve fitting interpolation should not be taken as the actual value and it should be warned of this as the true mumax should be where the gradient for the slope is zero and in this case the value was approximately 0.097 1/h at 385 mg/L phenol.","PeriodicalId":393012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology","volume":"88 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114043182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}