Journal of Human Security最新文献_第4页

Plagues, Pandemics, Health Security, and the War on Nature 瘟疫、流行病、卫生安全以及对自然的战争

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010053

C. Butler

引用次数: 7

Human Security in Anthropology of Security Perspective: A Re-conceptualisation Attempt 安全人类学视野下的人类安全:重新概念化的尝试

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010058

S. Jarmoszko

{"title":"Human Security in Anthropology of Security Perspective: A Re-conceptualisation Attempt","authors":"S. Jarmoszko","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16010058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16010058","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines the substantial frames of the anthropology of security as an independent anthropological (humanistic) sub-discipline and the anthropological approach to security. The multidisciplinary character of sources of the anthropological knowledge makes the anthropology of security a field of integration of biological and socio-humanistic facets of the knowledge of security aspects. The focus of the discipline is the entirety of human dispositions and accomplishments in the creation of the conditions for safe and satisfying existence, development and survival of both individuals and communities. Security, as well as the norms and patterns of human actions (i.e. cultural patterns of security) serving security creation, become the supreme category. Hence, the anthropology of security concentrates on the individual and collective natural protective and defensive dispositions (properties). Thus its attention focuses on creating technologies of security and the wholeness of the human artefacts stemming from their applications. In the anthropological perspective, security appears a sphere of creation and—simultaneously—its ultimate result. Therefore, it is more than a condition/process (a mere prelude to analyses). It is an intentionally created construction of human thought and an entity of practical activities. The presented reflections are only a broad, overall outline in both diachronic and synchronic areas. The aim of the article is to specify and promote an integrative approach in understanding the essence and structuring of the anthropology of security.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43601996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Growing Up in Post-Conflict Kosovo: Youth’s Insecurities and Their Attitudes Towards Police 在冲突后的科索沃成长:青年的不安全感及其对警察的态度

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020066

F. Coenders

引用次数: 2

Ecological Security of Communities in Polish Cities 波兰城市社区的生态安全

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010041

Radosław Korneć

{"title":"Ecological Security of Communities in Polish Cities","authors":"Radosław Korneć","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16010041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16010041","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to issues related to the economy, politics, social or military concerns, attempts to preserve ecology and the natural environment have a relatively short history. Anthropogenic environmental changes in many cases have a direct impact on one's quality of life and the functioning of urban centers, states and communities. Pressure exerted by human economic activity on the environment is demonstrated, above all, by reductions in air, water, and soil quality, worse acoustic climate, and limited access to green spaces. The most detrimental undertakings have a negative impact on the level of ecological security in cities are transport, domestic heating of buildings, industrial activities, and heating processes. The main goal of this paper is to identify the perception of the ecological security of the residents of the biggest urban centers. Urban environment security is a very broad issue. It covers both natural phenomena, where human impact is minimal, levels of urban sustainable development and attitudes of the city dwellers. Recently, citizen awareness of the importance of environmental challenges in Polish cities’ development has surged, including awareness of the desire to live in a cleaner environment and to breathe clean air. The topic is more and more often discussed in public debate, above all during periods of peak contaminant concentrations. The situation serves as a stimulus for citizens to mobilize, often through various social movements while local governments take actions oriented at changing methods of domestic heating, more eco-friendly mobility and the enhanced environmental education of society.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47407200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Exploring a Nexus of National and Human Security: Food and Energy Challenges in the U.S. Arctic 探索国家和人类安全的关系:美国北极地区的食品和能源挑战

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010030

Cameron D. Carlson, T. Bouffard, Dana Woodward

引用次数: 1

Hypertargeting Facebook Profiles Vulnerable to ISIS Recruitment with “Breaking the ISIS Brand Counter Narrative Video Clips” in Multiple Facebook Campaigns 在多个Facebook活动中，通过“打破ISIS品牌反叙事视频剪辑”，对易受ISIS招募的Facebook个人资料进行超定位

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-08-20 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16010016

A. Speckhard, Molly Ellenberg, Haider Shaghati, Neima Izadi

引用次数: 3

The Narrative of Militancy: A Case Study of Swat, Pakistan 军事叙事：以巴基斯坦斯瓦特为例

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020055

Q. Shah, B. Nawab, I. Nyborg, Noor Elahi

引用次数: 1

Protecting the Citizenry—or an Instrument for Surveillance? The Development of Community-oriented Policing in Kenya 保护公民——还是监视工具?肯尼亚社区警务的发展

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020044

Stian Lid, Clifford Collins Omondi Okwany

{"title":"Protecting the Citizenry—or an Instrument for Surveillance? The Development of Community-oriented Policing in Kenya","authors":"Stian Lid, Clifford Collins Omondi Okwany","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16020044","url":null,"abstract":"Community-oriented policing (COP) has become an important innovation in policing throughout the world, with variations among countries and regions, and over time. We identify and discuss contextual factors that determine the formation of COP policies, by investigating two contradictory national COP policies in Kenya: Constitutional Community Policing and Nyumba Kumi . Our study draws on primary data collection and secondary literature on contextual factors. The two competing Kenyan COP policies show, first, that there are significant variations in the nature and content of policing policies defined as COP; secondly, that the diversified and competing local contexts in transitional countries, involving reform processes while key elements of the past regimes are maintained, create significant room for manoeuvre for the actors involved. That enables the formation of radically different COP policies, in Kenya represented by a reformative COP policy as well as a repressive COP policy. Thirdly, the Kenyan case illustrates the risk of subversion of core intentions of COP: government actors have promoted COP policies focused more on information flow than on democratization and police reform. As a result, COP in Kenya has become more of an instrument for surveillance than a tool for protecting the citizenry. This development demonstrates clear historical continuities with colonial policing, significantly enabled by the emerging threat of terrorism. We argue that COP policies building on such criteria are counterproductive and are likely to fail. To avoid the misuse of the label ‘COP’ and legitimation of repressive policing practices, a common coherent definition of COP is required—one that at least ensures the needs and rights of citizens and local communities.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Pushing on a String? An Argument for Civil Society-driven Community Policing as Alternative to Ministry-centric Approach in Conflict-affected States 推绳子？在受冲突影响的国家，民间社会驱动的社区警务是以部为中心的方法的替代方案

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020031

A. Coyne, I. Nyborg

{"title":"Pushing on a String? An Argument for Civil Society-driven Community Policing as Alternative to Ministry-centric Approach in Conflict-affected States","authors":"A. Coyne, I. Nyborg","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16020031","url":null,"abstract":"Most international support for community policing focuses primarily if not exclusively on capacity building of the government, namely Ministries of Interior and police forces. For structural reasons, these organizations—in and of themselves—are often not the most appropriate partners to launch or sustain community-oriented policing initiatives, especially in the early phases of police reform. This paper presents an alternative to the ministry-centric approach in the form of civil society-driven programming for police reform. Using the case of police reform in Afghanistan in the late 2000s, we argue that a focus on community engagement, accountability, and responsiveness to the needs of the population can lead to improved human security even in post-conflict countries. Although a grassroots approach may seem daunting international actors more familiar with strategic advising at the ministerial level, we find that it provides an opportunity for more sustainable and effective engagement than ministry-centric efforts alone. Our experience from the Afghanistan case also shows, however, that a civil society approach is not a standalone—it needs to be complemented by ministerial initiatives as government has the central role in directing police reform. Adding a civil society component can make the official efforts more likely to succeed.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Police Reform and Community Policing in Kenya: The Bumpy Road from Policy to Practice 肯尼亚警察改革与社区警务：从政策到实践的崎岖之路

Journal of Human Security Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.12924/johs2020.16020019

Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik

{"title":"Police Reform and Community Policing in Kenya: The Bumpy Road from Policy to Practice","authors":"Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik","doi":"10.12924/johs2020.16020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2020.16020019","url":null,"abstract":"A reform is underway in Kenya, aimed at transforming the police organization into a people- centred police service. Among other things, this involves enhancing police-public trust and partnerships through community policing (COP). Two state-initiated COP models have been implemented: the National Police Service’s Community Policing Structure, and the Nyumba Kumi model of the President’s Office. On paper, police reform and the two COP models would appear to have the potential to improve police-public cooperation. In practice, however, implementation has proven difficult. Interviews and meetings with local community organizations, community representatives and police officers in urban and rural parts of Kenya indicate that scepticism towards the two COP models is common, as is refusal to engage in them. But why is this so? Why are these two COP models unsuccessful in enhancing police-public trust and cooperation? This article analyses how various contextual factors—such as conflicting socio-economic and political interests at the community and national levels, institutional challenges within the police, the overall role and mandate of the police in Kenya, and a top-down approach to COP—impede the intended police paradigm shift.","PeriodicalId":39288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45984989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7