West African Journal of Applied Ecology最新文献_第4页

Nitrogen Uptake in Soils under Different Water Table Depths 不同地下水位下土壤对氮的吸收

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55872

J. Owusu-Sekyere, E. Bekoe

{"title":"Nitrogen Uptake in Soils under Different Water Table Depths","authors":"J. Owusu-Sekyere, E. Bekoe","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55872","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model was used to examine the interactions of NH4 + transport to rice roots, as well as to calculate root length densities required to relate N uptake to concentrations of NH4 + in solution around the rooting medium for three water treatments: water table 30 cm below the surface, 15 cm below the surface and a flooded system. Measured uptake was greatest for the plants under the 30 cm treatment, followed by the 15 cm treatment, then the flooded treatment. Solution concentrations were highest under the flooded treatment followed by the 30 cm treatment, then the 15 cm treatment. Calculated root length densities were greatest for the plants under the 30 cm water table treatment, followed by those under the 15 cm treatment, then the flooded treatment. Measured root length densities were similarly greatest for the plants under the 30 cm water table treatment, followed by those under the 15 cm water table depth treatment, then the flooded treatment. However, differences between measured and calculated root length densities became significant for all treatments after 30 days of treatment imposition. Transport rates varied with treatments but uptake rates did not reflect these differences in transport rates, thus, transport through the growth medium did not limit uptake of nitrogen by the plants.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dissolution Kinetics of Stilbite at Various Temperatures under Alkaline Conditions 碱性条件下不同温度下静止体的溶解动力学

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55871

E. Glover, A. Faanur, J. Fianko

引用次数: 7

Modelling Interconnectedness of Subsurface Flow Processes from a Simple Conceptual Infiltration Model 从一个简单的概念入渗模型模拟地下流动过程的连通性

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55867

T. Ewemoje, A. Sangodoyin

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Camber Bed Drainage Landforms on Soil Nutrient Distribution and Grain Yield of Maize on the Vertisols of the Accra Plains of Ghana 加纳阿克拉平原弯曲河床排水地形对土壤养分分布和玉米产量的影响

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55863

K. Nyalemegbe, E. Darkwa, M. Yangyuoru, F. Mawunya, D. Acquah, Jw Oteng, P. Terry, T. Willcocks

{"title":"The Effect of Camber Bed Drainage Landforms on Soil Nutrient Distribution and Grain Yield of Maize on the Vertisols of the Accra Plains of Ghana","authors":"K. Nyalemegbe, E. Darkwa, M. Yangyuoru, F. Mawunya, D. Acquah, Jw Oteng, P. Terry, T. Willcocks","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55863","url":null,"abstract":"The Vertisols of the Accra Plains of Ghana are water logged after significant rainfall due to the low-lying topography (0.1-1 %). Camber bed (Cb) drainage landforms have been developed at the Agricultural Research Centre, Kpong, for draining off excess water. Field experiments were conducted to verify if maize growth and yield gradient from the trough to the crest were the result of nutrient gradient or some other factors. Four 5 m and two 10 m Cbs and a 20-m flatland were prepared in a split-split plot design, with landform as main plot, nutrient levels as sub plot and crop row as sub-sub plot. A pot experiment was also carried out for detailed studies. Soil movement brought about a nutrient gradient from the trough of the camber bed to the crest, and also made the soil profile homogeneous. The trough was low in nutrients, compact and prone to water logging, but nutrient levels increased through the middle slope to the crest. The flatland did not have a nutrient gradient but was prone to water logging due to its low-lying nature. Total dry matter (TDM) of maize and grain yield similarly increased from the trough to the crest. Grain yield of maize on the flatland ranged from 2.5–2.6 t ha- 1, while yields on the 5-m Cb were 3.6, 4.2 and 4.8 t ha-1 on the trough, middle slope and crest, respectively. Excess application of 15-15-15 NPK and sulphate of ammonia fertilizers (150% of recommended levels) did not appreciably increase biomass and grain yield in the troughs. However, the maize crop in pots, with soil from the trough, responded positively to fertilizer application, thus confirming that low yield in the trough was the result of both low nutrient availability and the compact subsoil.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Factor and Fecundity of the West Africa Freshwater Crab, Sudanonautes africanus (Milne-Edwards 1883), in Western Nigeria 尼日利亚西部西非淡水蟹的长重关系、条件因素和繁殖力(Milne-Edwards 1883

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55869

O. Olusoji, O. Anifowose, M. Y. Sodamola

{"title":"Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Factor and Fecundity of the West Africa Freshwater Crab, Sudanonautes africanus (Milne-Edwards 1883), in Western Nigeria","authors":"O. Olusoji, O. Anifowose, M. Y. Sodamola","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55869","url":null,"abstract":"The length-weight relationships, condition factor and fecundity of the West-African freshwater crab, Sudanonautes africanus, was studied from different freshwater bodies within south-western Nigeria. The crabs were separated into males (151) and females (112). The length-weight relationship, condition factors, and fecundity of the crabs were determined. Growth parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship, (LWR) w = aLb, for S. africanus was 0.889, 5.029 and 0.713 for males, females and entire population, respectively. The values of b estimated were 2.475, 3.185 and 2.567 for males, females and whole population, respectively. The regression equation for the LWR are W= - 0.046 + 2.475L for males, W= 0.717+3.185L for females and W= - 0. 147 + 2.567L for the total crab population. The coefficient of determination of males, females and entire population were 0.716, 1.049 and 0.699, respectively, showing a strong correlation between the variables. There was a strong relationship (r2 = 0.81) between length and weight of males and females and the entire crab population. The LWR was allometric for all crabs. Results also show that there is a weak correlation (r2 = 0.36) between fecundity and total body weight (BW)/carapace length (CL) of the crabs. The length-weight distribution pattern did not show remarkable differences between species, sexes, and populations. Length-weight relationships have no influence on the fecundity. Mean (± SE) fecundity (292.8 ± 76.07 eggs) was positively related (r2 = 0.75) to CL. Fecundity ranged between 120 and 449 eggs with a mean diameter of 1.66 mm ± 0.068 mm. No relationship between egg size and carapace length was found. There was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in condition factors between the sexes.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V16I1.55869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Ridging, a Mechanized Alternative to Mounding for Yam and Cassava Production 山药和木薯生产的机械化垄作替代垄作

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49424

S. A. Ennin, E. Otoo, F. Tetteh

{"title":"Ridging, a Mechanized Alternative to Mounding for Yam and Cassava Production","authors":"S. A. Ennin, E. Otoo, F. Tetteh","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49424","url":null,"abstract":"A cassava seedbed preparation field study was established at Fumesua in the forest and Ejura in the forest-savanna transition agroecologies of Ghana in 2004/2005. The experimental design was split plot with three seed bed preparation methods as the main plots and three nitrogen rates as sub plots, with basal application of 45-90 kg ha-1 P205 - K20 on the fertilized plots. A similar study was conducted on yam seedbed preparation in 2003/2004, with a 23 factorial design. Cassava and yams on ridges resulted in highest root and tuber yields, on both Lixisols in the coastal and forest-savanna transition and Acrisols in the forest agro-ecologies. However, yam tuber yield on mounds was not statistically different from yields on ridges. Number of roots per plant was identified as a major contributory factor to the yield increase of cassava on ridges. Seed bed preparation method was, however, not an important determinant of cassava root yield at high rates of fertilizer application of 90-45-90 kg ha-1 N-P205-K20. Planting on mounds resulted in slender, cylindrically shaped cassava roots and yam tubers, while ridging produced oblong shaped roots and tubers. Weeding and fertilizer application were easier on manual ridging than on manual mounds. The study points to ridging as a potential option to mounding for cassava and yam production, with the feasibility of mechanization of ridges to reduce drudgery associated with roots and tuber crop production in the West African sub-region.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

The Cetaceans of Ghana, a Validated Faunal Checklist 加纳的鲸目动物，一个经过验证的动物群清单

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49428

K. Van Waerebeek, P. Ofori-Danson, J. Debrah

{"title":"The Cetaceans of Ghana, a Validated Faunal Checklist","authors":"K. Van Waerebeek, P. Ofori-Danson, J. Debrah","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49428","url":null,"abstract":"The cetaceans of Ghana and the Gulf of Guinea have, until recently, remained unstudied. Periodical monitoring of artisanal fisheries for bycatches in seven Ghanaian artisanal fishing ports and landing sites over 1996-2004 has provided photographic and specimen evidence to validate occurrence of 18 species (17 odontocetes, 1 mysticete) in a tropical, predominantly pelagic cetacean fauna. At least nine species and subspecies had not previously been documented for Ghana (with asterisk), and four species are authenticated for the first time in the Gulf of Guinea (double asterisk), i.e. Tursiops truncatus, Stenella clymene, S. longirostris longirostris*, S. attenuata, S. frontalis, Delphinus capensis capensis*, Lagenodelphis hosei, Steno bredanensis, Grampus griseus, Peponocephala electra*, Feresa attenuata**, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Orcinus orca*, Pseudorca crassidens*, Kogia sima**, Physetermacrocephalus*, Ziphius cavirostris** and Megaptera novaeangliae . Also, the limited published information on distribution, natural history and conservation status is critically reviewed for each taxon. Indications are that most species encountered off Ghana may be widely distributed in the Gulf of Guinea, most notably the long-beaked common dolphin. The vulnerable Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii , remains unrecorded in Ghana and neighbouring nations despite apparently suitable coastal habitat. It is suggested that localized extinction may be blamed, possibly the result of accumulative bycatches and disturbance. A number of other cetacean species not yet encountered could occasionally occur in Ghana’s waters, e.g. Balaenoptera brydei, Mesoplodon densirostris, Kogia breviceps, Stenella coeruleoalba and Delphinus delphis","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Distribution and Growth of Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus (Family: Balistidae), in Western Gulf of Guinea 几内亚湾西部灰箭鱼的分布和生长

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49421

J. Aggrey-Fynn

{"title":"Distribution and Growth of Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus (Family: Balistidae), in Western Gulf of Guinea","authors":"J. Aggrey-Fynn","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49421","url":null,"abstract":"The grey triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, resource had declined for nearly two decades in West African waters; its distribution and growth remain to be reported after late 1980s. In order to fill this gap, specimens were collected during small pelagic fish stock assessment surveys in 2005 in coastal waters of Benin, Togo, Ghana and La Cote d’Ivoire (Western Gulf of Guinea) from 17 out of 165 swept-area hauls in depths range of 23–60 m. The modal size classes were 27.0–31.9 cm and 32.0–36.9 cm. The age classes were determined by interpreting growth rings on sections of first dorsal spines. Estimates of theoretical growth in length were obtained by fitting the observed length-at-age data to the standard form of von Bertalanffy growth equation. The estimated L∞ for B. capriscus was 45.1 ± 1.4 cm and the growth rate, K, was 0.21 yr-1. The phi prime (O’) growth performance obtained was 2.63, which is comparable to that obtained in the 1980s on the same fish species in waters of Senegal, La Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana. The results suggest that the growth and distribution of grey triggerfish in the Western Gulf of Guinea had not changed, in spite of the apparent disappearance of the fish species in many areas of the West African coastal waters for nearly two decades.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Investigation of the risk of infection of urinary schistosomiasis at Mahem and Galilea communities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. 加纳大阿克拉地区Mahem和Galilea社区尿路血吸虫病感染风险调查。

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49426

IF Aboagye, D. Edoh

{"title":"Investigation of the risk of infection of urinary schistosomiasis at Mahem and Galilea communities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.","authors":"IF Aboagye, D. Edoh","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49426","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary schistosomiasis is of great public health importance in developing countries. It has adverse economic and health implications on residents living in endemic areas. Various factors including human behaviour are known to play key role in the transmission of the disease. The knowledge of the levels of risk of infection of urinary schistosomiasis and people’s perception will be an important tool in its control. The study determined the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and the risk of infection in some communities near the Weija lake in the Ga District. It assessed the knowledge base of the subjects on the disease and its impact on transmission. Data were collected on demographic variables, some behavioural activities in water bodies, knowledge base on the disease and sanitary facilities. Urine samples were analysed using the centrifugation technique. The percentage prevalence for Mahem and Galilea were 58% and 49%, respectively. The difference in prevalence was insignificant; 0.09 (-0.04, 0.21; P < 0.426). Bloody urine was associated with high risk of infection; OR of 4.55 (2.82, 7.36); P < 0.001. Subjects with primary level of education and invariably below 26 years of age had about two times the risk of infection; OR of 2.12 (1.13, 3.97); P < 0.02. The communities had 52% prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis. Frequent contacts and use of the infested lake were associated with infection. Educational intervention alone may not be effective in the control of the disease. The use of an integrated approach should be given favourable consideration.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Influence of tourist pressure on beach litter and microbial quality - case study of two beach resorts in Ghana. 旅游压力对海滩垃圾和微生物质量的影响——以加纳两个海滩度假区为例。

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49423

S. Tsagbey, A. Mensah, F. Nunoo

{"title":"Influence of tourist pressure on beach litter and microbial quality - case study of two beach resorts in Ghana.","authors":"S. Tsagbey, A. Mensah, F. Nunoo","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49423","url":null,"abstract":"Beach litter accumulation and reduced water quality are important aspects of beach degradation which have adverse effects on the users of the beach and marine life. The study aims at determining how the degree of human pressure at the La and Korle Beach resorts in Accra, Ghana, which serve different social communities, contributes to beach degradation. A weekly collection of fresh and accumulated litter from a belt transect of 500 m2 and samples of seawater from each beach were obtained during a 3-week festive period (Dec. 26, 2005–Jan. 9, 2006) and a 3-week non-festive period (Jan. 23, 2006–Feb. 6, 2006). Thirty-two types of litter were identified and the total number and weight of litter collected from La were 2261 and 72695 g, and that of Korle were 2691 and 43239 g, respectively. Plastic material dominated the total litter at 66% for Korle and 53% for La, respectively. The numbers of litter increased with increasing visitor pressure during the festive season for Korle, although the type and diversity of the beach litter was location specific irrespective of the season for both sites. Microbial values for coliforms were higher for Korle than La, with significant increase in Korle during the festive season. The implications for leisure activity like swimming at both sites has minimal health risks since the mean levels of the indicators are within the WHO international permissible range.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V15I1.49423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10