Waterlines最新文献_第3页

Editorial: Can communities manage their water services? 社论:社区可以管理他们的供水服务吗?

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.2020.40-2ED

R. Carter

引用次数: 0

Integrating sanitation and climate change adaptation: lessons learned from case studies of WaterAid’s work in four countries 将环境卫生与气候变化适应相结合:从水援助组织在四个国家工作的案例研究中获得的经验教训

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00012

Tal Gordon, Andrés Hueso

引用次数: 1

Elevating the standard: a professionalized approach to community-based rainwater harvesting systems in Uganda 提高标准：乌干达社区雨水收集系统的专业化方法

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00016

Tanner J. S. Hoffman, Alinaitwe Collins, Joseph Lwere, James B. Harrington

{"title":"Elevating the standard: a professionalized approach to community-based rainwater harvesting systems in Uganda","authors":"Tanner J. S. Hoffman, Alinaitwe Collins, Joseph Lwere, James B. Harrington","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00016","url":null,"abstract":"Where water resources are limited, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can provide on-site access to improved water sources. Community institutions are uniquely positioned to benefit from RWH; advocates have encouraged the installation of community-based RWH systems as a way to ameliorate water supply insufficiencies in low-income settings. However, poor quality RWH system installations and insufficient attention to management support have resulted in sustainability challenges, necessitating a commitment to higher standards for community-based RWH. Spurred on by an iterative learning cycle and commitment to innovation, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved RWH system design, installation, and management practices that are well adapted to Ugandan institutions. By investing in a professional crew, high-quality materials, and post-installation support, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved 96 per cent functionality two years after installation. The professionalized approach that the Ugandan Water Project employs can be used as a model to guide future RWH system installations in Uganda and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Intervention mapping as a framework for planning the implementation of urine diversion toilets and Ecosan education in a community school in Kavre, Nepal 干预测绘作为规划在尼泊尔Kavre一所社区学校实施尿液转移厕所和生态教育的框架

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00013

Roshani Rajbanshi, S. Bastien, M. Pandey, Bipana Sharma, Bal Chandra Luitel

{"title":"Intervention mapping as a framework for planning the implementation of urine diversion toilets and Ecosan education in a community school in Kavre, Nepal","authors":"Roshani Rajbanshi, S. Bastien, M. Pandey, Bipana Sharma, Bal Chandra Luitel","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00013","url":null,"abstract":"Use of human excreta as fertilizer is not a new concept. However, with the use of the modern water-flush toilet, human excreta becomes mixed with water and causes environmental pollution. To reemphasize the nutritional value of human urine in the field, a urine diversion toilet was constructed in a community school situated in Kavre, Nepal. The purpose of establishing the urine diversion toilet is to improve hygiene outcomes through promoting proper sanitation and transforming the school community’s regular practice and attitudes towards urine as a resource. To ensure effective implementation of the urine diversion toilets, intervention mapping was used as a guiding framework. The aim of this paper is to document how the urine diversion toilet was planned and implemented in the school and how the urine diversion toilet was connected with the curriculum to address concerns regarding water, sanitation, and hygiene with a focus on sustainability through intervention mapping. This study highlights the benefits of intervention mapping as a systematic and step-by-step process for the planning and implementation of the urine diversion toilet. This study also highlights the benefits of connecting urine diversion toilets with school gardening, and engaging with local government and other stakeholders about the value of the approach.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Results from implementing a cohesive strategy and standardized monitoring programme for hygiene kit distribution in Myanmar 在缅甸实施统一的卫生包分发战略和标准化监测方案的结果

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00011

M. Domini, T. Yates, Sunny Guidotti, Lae Yee Win, D. Lantagne

{"title":"Results from implementing a cohesive strategy and standardized monitoring programme for hygiene kit distribution in Myanmar","authors":"M. Domini, T. Yates, Sunny Guidotti, Lae Yee Win, D. Lantagne","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Hygiene kits are commonly distributed in humanitarian emergencies to interrupt disease transmission and provide dignity. Despite being commonly implemented, hygiene kit distribution interventions are under-researched, and there is a lack of knowledge on kit efficacy and effectiveness. In Myanmar, the WASH cluster developed a national hygiene kit distribution and monitoring strategy. The research was aimed at determining the effectiveness of this strategy in the context of protracted internally displaced persons camps in Myanmar. To understand programme strategy, we reviewed documents against inclusion criteria; extracted and categorized data for included documents; analysed data; and summarized results. Twenty-six documents met the inclusion criteria of describing strategy development (47 per cent), monitoring in Rakhine (47 per cent) or Kachin State (3 per cent), or monitoring menstrual health and hygiene programme (3 per cent). We identified the strategy was successfully adopted and adapted for Kachin and Rakhine states; however, limitations were identified in receiving consistent monitoring data. We found hygiene kit distributions need to consider local context, including population mobility, local markets and availability of products, and household expenses and debt. Due to these interrelated factors, the percentage of households selling kit items decreased over time; additionally, soap and sanitary pad presence was significantly associated with household income. Consistently, women reported preferring disposable pads for menstrual health and hygiene due to privacy concerns. Programmatically, it is recommended to adapt hygiene kit distributions to local contexts, continue to distribute hygiene kits in protracted contexts to identified at-risk households, distribute disposable pads, and continue revising and improving strategy and monitoring tools.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69470297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving management of manually emptied pit latrine waste in Nairobi’s urban informal settlements 改善内罗毕城市非正式住区人工排空坑厕废物的管理

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00003

Jordan Brands, Leandra Rhodes-Dicker, Wali Mwalugongo, Ruthie Rosenberg, Lindsay Stradley, David Auerbach

{"title":"Improving management of manually emptied pit latrine waste in Nairobi’s urban informal settlements","authors":"Jordan Brands, Leandra Rhodes-Dicker, Wali Mwalugongo, Ruthie Rosenberg, Lindsay Stradley, David Auerbach","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Sanergy has offered reliable, non-sewered sanitation services in Nairobi, Kenya through the implementation of container-based, urine-diverting dry toilets. However, there remains a large volume of untreated faecal waste in urban informal settlements due to poorly managed pit latrines. With limited space in the settlements to bury old pits and dig new ones, management of faecal sludge requires manual pit emptying and safe discharge. Sanergy piloted the Mtaa Fresh project in the settlement of Mukuru Kwa Njenga, establishing a waste transfer station where manual pit emptiers could safely and reliably dispose of pit latrine contents. The most important factors in the successful implementation of this station were, first, the relationship established between Sanergy and the pit emptiers and, second, Sanergy’s commitment to iterating as new insights emerged. The relationship with the emptiers impacted the location, design, and adoption of the site, and aided in the formalization of a pit emptiers’ community-based organization. The commitment to iterating enabled Sanergy to respond to learnings gained from the emptiers. Additional factors that ensured the success of Mtaa Fresh included the implementation of full-time staff, security when the site is closed, support from local authorities, and an expansion to improve management of faecal sludge and trash. Improvements trialled during the expansion aim to minimize operation and maintenance costs, but sustainability will still rely on government support and external funding.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"155 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41275396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Between water stewardship and independent global water certification: learning from smallholder rice farmers, Karonga, Malawi 在水资源管理和独立的全球水资源认证之间:向马拉维Karonga的小农户学习

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00006

R. Holm, Alice Ngulube Magombo

{"title":"Between water stewardship and independent global water certification: learning from smallholder rice farmers, Karonga, Malawi","authors":"R. Holm, Alice Ngulube Magombo","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation and locally driven water management are at the forefront of food production water management for smallholder farmers in low-income countries. The aim of this paper was to critically reflect on the experiences of 5,819 smallholder rice farmers in Karonga District, Malawi, who were members of a farmers’ organization that achieved improved water stewardship, but could not achieve Alliance for Water Stewardship certification within a three-year project. The data for this paper were obtained through farmer and stakeholder interviews. The partnership attempted to bring together four parties: academics, farmers, local government, and a non-governmental organization. The farmers were trained by combining stewardship and certification topics through a train-the-trainer approach. The farmers’ organization primarily focuses on agribusiness; therefore, they did not have any water-related data or detailed farm boundaries from the large and dispersed group of farmers and could not obtain a collective water permit. Understanding water governance was difficult for many farmers. Furthermore, moving from stewardship to certification presented some financial challenges. Critical thinking and questioning are required, along with a deeper understanding of the local context, logistical hindrances, priorities, alternatives, culture, and science, to evaluate how projects are designed and partially succeed or fail from the perspective of low-income farmers in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69470348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling context: a formative photovoice study of Indian youth perspectives of sanitation and hygiene practices 解开语境:印度青年对环境卫生和个人卫生习惯的看法的形成性照片语音研究

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00009

Anise Gold-Watts, G. Aamodt, R. Shanmugasundaram, S. Bastien

{"title":"Unravelling context: a formative photovoice study of Indian youth perspectives of sanitation and hygiene practices","authors":"Anise Gold-Watts, G. Aamodt, R. Shanmugasundaram, S. Bastien","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Water, sanitation, and hygiene are issues of substantial public health importance. Community-based participatory research approaches such as photovoice can help explore and identify determinants that influence sanitation and hygiene-related behaviours. This study aimed to use photovoice as part of the formative research process to increase understanding of youth’s perceptions of the cultural and contextual factors that influence sanitation and hygiene-related behaviours in Thirumalaikodi, India. First, a school was recruited using convenience sampling; next, 10 participants were purposively selected to participate in an information meeting, seven photo discussion sessions, and one wrap-up session over a three-week period. In each photo discussion session, participant groups selected one ‘trigger’ photograph, and through a structured discussion using SHOWED mnemonic questions (a series of questions that ask participants to describe and reflect upon a chosen photograph), generated a new understanding of issues related to water, sanitation, and hygiene. All sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse photo discussion session text. Findings revealed that factors such as social structure, education, and culture influence behaviours that determine the sanitary conditions of an individual’s private and public spaces. Furthermore, participants described how descriptive norms generated practices (e.g. littering) that were reinforced and maintained by limited access to waste management systems, attitudinal indifference, and generational beliefs. Findings yielded an in-depth understanding of youth’s perceptions of the cultural and contextual factors that influence sanitation and hygiene-related behaviours. This study also contributes to the advancement of participatory applications in formative research and intervention adaptation processes.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69470387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Making a difference 社论：有所作为

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.2020.40-1ED

R. Carter

引用次数: 0

Linkage between water, sanitation, hygiene, and child health in Bugesera District, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study 卢旺达Bugesera区的水、环境卫生、个人卫生和儿童健康之间的联系:一项横断面研究

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00008

Théoneste Ntakirutimana, Bethesda O'Connell, M. Quinn, P. Scheuerman, Maurice Kwizera, F. Sunday, I. Ozodiegwu, V. Mbarushimana, Gasana Seka Heka Franck, Rubuga Kitema Felix

{"title":"Linkage between water, sanitation, hygiene, and child health in Bugesera District, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Théoneste Ntakirutimana, Bethesda O'Connell, M. Quinn, P. Scheuerman, Maurice Kwizera, F. Sunday, I. Ozodiegwu, V. Mbarushimana, Gasana Seka Heka Franck, Rubuga Kitema Felix","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Rwanda met the Millennium Development Goal targets for access to drinking water and sanitation. However, the WASH practices of high-risk communities are undocumented. Lack of information may hide disparities that correlate with disease. The purpose of this study was to assess WASH and childhood diarrhoea in Bugesera District. A survey was administered to caregivers. Water and stool samples were collected to assess physical and biological characteristics. Focus groups provided information on community context. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square, logistic regression, and thematic analysis. Piped water and unimproved sanitation were used by 45.28 per cent and 88.38 per cent of respondents. Most respondents (51.47 per cent) travelled 30–60 minutes per trip for water and 70 per cent lacked access to hand-washing near the latrine. Diarrhoea was less prevalent in children who used a toilet facility (p = 0.009). Disposal of faeces anywhere other than the toilet increased the odds of having diarrhoea (OR = 3.1, 95 per cent CI = 1.2–8.2). Use of a narrow mouth container for storage was associated with decreased intestinal parasites (p = 0.011). The presence of a hand-washing station within 10 metres of the toilet was associated with lower odds of intestinal parasites (OR = 0.54, 95 per cent CI: 0.29–0.99). Water and sanitation access, water handling and storage, and unsanitary household environment underlie high diarrhoeal disease prevalence.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"40 1","pages":"44-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69470357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2