Waterlines最新文献_第2页

Back to basics: urban households’ perspective on free water supply in Ghana in the COVID-19 pandemic 回归基础:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间加纳城市家庭对免费供水的看法

Waterlines Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.21-00013

N. Fielmua, Jennifer Dokbila Mengba

{"title":"Back to basics: urban households’ perspective on free water supply in Ghana in the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"N. Fielmua, Jennifer Dokbila Mengba","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.21-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.21-00013","url":null,"abstract":"Water supply is a basic human right and governments have sought to fulfil this right through free supply of water. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed governments, including the Government of Ghana, to return to supply of free water as a measure of enhancing personal hygiene in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to analyse the reliability of water supply before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the state of households’ water consumption during the pandemic. The paper is based on an online survey of 4,257 urban households across the 16 administrative regions of Ghana. The study found that flow reliability has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic free water delivery. We also established that correlation between consumption before and during the pandemic was r = 0.659, p < 0.01. Therefore, use of the ‘stay home campaign’ as a strategy to contain the disease in addition to social connection and sharing free water, have increased domestic water consumption. Although the pandemic necessitated the return to water being delivered as a basic necessity to fight against the pandemic, the emphasis on ‘back to basics’ was not fully implemented. This is because some urban households that could not pay water bills prior to the free water supply were denied the COVID-19 pandemic free water package and rural households who relied on point sources also did not benefit from the package. © The authors, 2022.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45964540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The new reality: perspectives on future integrated WASH 新的现实:对未来综合WASH的展望

Waterlines Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00007OA

N. Sorensen, M. Snel

{"title":"The new reality: perspectives on future integrated WASH","authors":"N. Sorensen, M. Snel","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00007OA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00007OA","url":null,"abstract":"Over the next 10 years, the humanitarian and development fields will face significant changes as new skills, expanded technologies, and shifting funding streams prompt innovation in order to maintain impact As the length of humanitarian crises expand relief response can no longer be viewed merely through the humanitarian lens, but current and future crisis responses increasingly require long-term development considerations Integration across the humanitarian-development nexus will be vital to future emergency response The interdisciplinary nature of the WASH sector makes it ideally placed to lead further integration with sectors like health, nutrition, livelihoods, child protection, and education Integration of the WASH sector is not only possible but essential to face the challenges of future crises COVID-19 is a wake-up call showing how quickly global humanitarian needs can change and the need for a more integrated response to emergencies Tomorrow's WASH practitioners will need to be proactive in developing new hard and soft skills and have broader multi-sectoral experience to succeed Future integration will require stronger relationships between multi-mandated organizations, governments, and the private sector as well as new innovative funding sources, including impact investing, blended finance, and development impact bonds We argue that there is a unique window of opportunity to bridge these gaps as COVID-19 brings the value of effective WASH programming forward as a foundational part of long-term resilience building To indeed provide life-saving interventions as humanitarian works claim to do, we must start with a clear focus on the long-term developmental ends in mind","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42086290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of emergencies on water and wastewater systems in congested urban areas 紧急情况对拥堵城市地区供水和废水系统的影响

Waterlines Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.13-007oa

Elizabeth C., J. C

引用次数: 0

Urinary incontinence in children aged 5 to 12 in an emergency setting: lessons learned in Ethiopia 紧急情况下5至12岁儿童尿失禁:在埃塞俄比亚吸取的经验教训

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00017

C. Rosato-Scott, Barbara Evans, Abraham Varampath, B. Fehnert, D. Barrington

{"title":"Urinary incontinence in children aged 5 to 12 in an emergency setting: lessons learned in Ethiopia","authors":"C. Rosato-Scott, Barbara Evans, Abraham Varampath, B. Fehnert, D. Barrington","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00017","url":null,"abstract":"This scoping study aimed to be the first to explore the number of children aged 5 to 12 in an emergency setting (Tukaley village, Ethiopia) wetting themselves, and demand for support to manage self-wetting in the home. A survey asked 524 children about their latrine behaviours; and 312 adult caregivers about the latrine behaviours of the children aged 5 to 12 they care for. Few adult caregivers (1 per cent) indicated that children were self-wetting during the day and/or night, and only one child indicated self-wetting (during the day). Yet the survey revealed demand from adult caregivers for household items typically used to manage involuntary self-wetting. This could suggest self-wetting is occurring, but there is a reluctance to disclose it. Given the impact of self-wetting on the lives of children and their adult caregivers, it would be unethical for it not to be considered when developing emergency programmes across sectors including the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector. With further research and modifications to the survey, it could provide greater clarity on the number of children self-wetting and the scale of demand for support to inform emergency programme design.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47201810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How socio-demographic and mass media factors affect sanitary item usage among women in rural and urban India 社会人口和大众传媒因素如何影响印度农村和城市妇女的卫生用品使用

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.21-00003

Karan Babbar, Deepika Saluja, M. Sivakami

{"title":"How socio-demographic and mass media factors affect sanitary item usage among women in rural and urban India","authors":"Karan Babbar, Deepika Saluja, M. Sivakami","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.21-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.21-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Our study’s objective is to examine the various socio-demographic and mass media factors of sanitary item usage among rural and urban women in India. We have used data from the Indian version of the Demographic and Health Survey, conducted in 2015–16 for this study, with a sample of 247,833 women in the age group of 15 to 24 years. Binary logistics regression was performed separately for urban and rural women to understand the various determinants of sanitary item usage. We found that three-quarters of women in urban areas use sanitary items compared to half of the women in rural areas. Indian women in rural areas appear to be at a considerable disadvantage compared to their urban counterparts with regard to sanitary item usage. Factors determining sanitary item usage did not vary between urban and rural areas. However, education, wealth, mass media, and toilet facility were the major factors in understanding the improvement in sanitary item usage in urban and rural areas. At the policy level, there is need to focus on (a) disseminating knowledge about menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices and provisioning of sanitary items; and (b) providing exposure to traditional media channels to potentially reduce the social stigma associated with these issues and bring critical conversations to the forefront, especially among the socio-economically disadvantaged groups.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Menstrual hygiene management in disasters: the concerns, needs, and preferences of women and girls in Vanuatu 灾害中的月经卫生管理：瓦努阿图妇女和女孩的关切、需求和偏好

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.21-00002

S. Downing, Sandrine Benjimen, Lisa Natoli, V. Bell

引用次数: 5

Editorial: Knowing when and how to disengage humanitarian response 社论:知道何时以及如何脱离人道主义应对

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.2021.40-3ed

Richard C. Carter

引用次数: 0

The Bishesta campaign: a menstrual hygiene management intervention for people with intellectual impairments and their carers Bishesta运动：针对智力障碍患者及其护理人员的月经卫生管理干预

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.21-00004

J. Wilbur, I. Mactaggart, T. Mahon, B. Torondel, S. Hameed, H. Kuper

引用次数: 2

Sanitation Challenge for Ghana (SC4Gh): motivating local authorities through innovation prizes to achieve SDG6 加纳卫生挑战（SC4Gh）：通过创新奖激励地方当局实现SDG6

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.21-00005

C. Stephens, J. Parkinson, C. Sackeyfio

引用次数: 0

Assessment of low-cost, non-electrically powered chlorination devices for gravity-driven membrane water kiosks in eastern Uganda 乌干达东部用于重力驱动膜式水亭的低成本、非电力氯化装置的评估

Waterlines Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.20-00014

Lukas Dössegger, Alan Tournefier, Laura Germann, Nicola Gärtner, Timon Huonder, C. Etenu, K. Wanyama, H. Ouma, R. Meierhofer

{"title":"Assessment of low-cost, non-electrically powered chlorination devices for gravity-driven membrane water kiosks in eastern Uganda","authors":"Lukas Dössegger, Alan Tournefier, Laura Germann, Nicola Gärtner, Timon Huonder, C. Etenu, K. Wanyama, H. Ouma, R. Meierhofer","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.20-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Recontamination during transport and storage is a common challenge of water supply in low-income settings, especially if water is collected manually. Chlorination is a strategy to reduce recontamination. We assessed seven low-cost, non-electrically powered chlorination devices in gravity-driven membrane filtration (GDM) kiosks in eastern Uganda: one floater, two in-line dosers, three end-line dosers (tap-attached), and one manual dispenser. The evaluation criteria were dosing consistency, user-friendliness, ease of maintenance, local supply chain, and cost. Achieving an adequate chlorine dosage (∼2 mg/L at the tap and ≥ 0.2 mg/L after 24 h of storage in a container) was challenging. The T-chlorinator was the most promising option for GDM kiosks: it achieved correct dosage (CD, 1.5–2.5 mg/L) with a probability of 90 per cent, was easy to use and maintain, economical, and can be made from locally available materials. The other in-line option, the chlorine-dosing bucket (40 per cent CD) still needs design improvements. The end-line options AkvoTur (67 per cent CD) and AquatabsFlo® (57 per cent CD) are easy to install and operate at the tap, but can be easily damaged in the GDM set-up. The Venturi doser (52 per cent CD) did not perform satisfactorily with flow rates > 6 L/min. The chlorine dispenser (52 per cent CD) was robust and user-friendly, but can only be recommended if users comply with chlorinating the water themselves. Establishing a sustainable supply chain for chlorine products was challenging. Where solid chlorine tablets were locally rarely available, the costs of liquid chlorine options were high (27–162 per cent of the water price).","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5